Denim Dictionary H - Z

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

Silk, however, is the only natural fibre that does not come in staple lengths but instead in filament lengths.

Slub Yarn
A yarn that is spun purposely to look irregular in shape length and diameter.

Polyamide / Polyester
Polyester made of chemicals derived from coal, air, water and oil.

Hemp official name cannabis sativa, L, from the Greek cannabis fell victim to the anti-drug sentiment of the times when the U.S. Congress Congress

Synthetic Fibres
Chemicals combined into large molecules called polymers, produce fibres like nylon, polyester, spandex, acrylic, modacrylic, olefin, saran, spandex, and vinyon.

Ramie
The perennial stalk producing ramie plant been cultivated in eastern Asia for fibre since prehistoric times.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Virgin Fiber
Fibres never made into fabric before, primarily used for wool fibres (virgin wool), to differentiate between these and reclaimed, reprocessed, and reused fibres.

This processing includes washing, stone washing, sandblasting, and garment dying.

Oxford
Originally made in Oxford, England, it is a plain weave fabric where 2 or more filling yarns pass over and under 1 or more parallel warp yarns.

Selvage Denim
Old 28 29 inch shuttle looms produced denim where selvage closed.

Hemp is a low-cost annual seed plant that grows in most climates.

Satin weaves make fabric surfaces shiny and very smooth.

Indigo is a dyestuff that was originally extracted from a plant.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

Most Ring Spun Denim are woven with Ring Spun yarns running lengthwise and Open End yarns running widths, called a Single Ring Spun Denim.

Lycra
Dupont’s trademark for spandex fibre.

Nylon is naturally water-repellent, easy to dye, and very strong.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

The dummy-shuttle type, the most successful of the shuttle's looms, makes use of a dummy shuttle, a projectile that contains no weft but that passes through the shed in the way of a shuttle and leaves a trail of yarn behind it.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Optical brightness or Optical Whiteners
Chemicals that make fabrics seem to show more light than they really do, to make them brighter they convert ultraviolet light to visible light in the blue region.

The best available after Sea Island and Egyptian cotton fibre.

The crotches on men’s jeans are spacier , adding more depth and room where needed

Mercerization
An industrial process used on yarn or fabrics to increase lustre as well as dye affinity.

Rayon
The synthetic fibre known as rayon produced from regenerated cellulose wood pulp that has been chemically treated.

If hemp had not been outlawed, most would still be standing, oxygenating the planet.

Most commercial silk produced cultivated silkworm, Bombyx mori, which feeds exclusively on the leaves of certain varieties of mulberry trees and spins a thin, white filament.

Virgin Fiber
Fibres never made into fabric before, primarily used for wool fibres (virgin wool), to differentiate between these and reclaimed, reprocessed, and reused fibres.

During the 1930s, after intensive fibre research, several new synthetic fibres experimentally which led to production of nylon Dupont’s invention, the first commercially successful synthetic-textile fibre.

Since that time, synthetic-fibre production has created polyester, acrylics and others.

Linen is very absorbent, take dyes more readily than cotton but has poor resiliency.

These features have helped nylon replace cotton in many industrial uses like bags and flags and is very popular for use in the apparel industry.

Satin and Sateen
A fabric weave where one yarn floats over a series of yarns before it interlaced once.

Silicone
silicon's are silicon-containing polymer materials that have found wide use in industry because of their great stability.

Shade Blanket
Fabric cut from each roll of fabric, sewn together, with roll numbers on the back of each pad to allow manufacturers to wash and name all shade colors of each roll.

Sea Island Cotton
Along with Egyptian cotton fibre, the finest grade of cotton available.

Ramie is resistant to mildew and other types of micro-organism attack and good fastness to sun.

Scouring
An industrial process where dirt or starch oil, grease, sizing taken off fabrics.

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

Lyocell
The generic name given to the cellulosic fibre developed by Courtaulds and marketed by them under the Tencel brand name.

Synthetic Fibres
Chemicals combined into large molecules called polymers, produce fibres like nylon, polyester, spandex, acrylic, modacrylic, olefin, saran, spandex, and vinyon.

Pumice Stones
A volcanic stone used for stone washing garments.

Named after where the texture originally manufactured, the town Genova.

After fermentation completed, the fibrous material separated from the woody matter and spun into thread.

Man made Fibre
Viscose and Acetate, derived from cellulose were almost all the artificial fibres in existence before World War II.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

Rivets
Metal tabs placed at stress points in 60's jeans, introduced by Nevada tailor Jacob Davis, who borrowed the technique from horse blankets.

Most common starches used are corn in the United States, rice in Asia, and potato in Europe, or PVOH and other chemical substances.

Silk
Silk is the filament secreted by the silkworm when spinning its cocoon, and the name for the threads, yarns, and fabrics made from the filament.

US customs defines this fabric as not of a square construction, whether napped or not, weighing less than 200 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Most commercial silk produced cultivated silkworm, Bombyx mori, which feeds exclusively on the leaves of certain varieties of mulberry trees and spins a thin, white filament.

Hipster jeans
Jeans that starts about 10 centimeters below the navel.

Sliver
Continuous strands of fibre untwisted that come from carding.

Serge, Gabardine, and Cheviot are major types of twill.

Today there are three kinds of looms: dummy shuttle, rapier, and fluid jet.

Optical brightness or Optical Whiteners
Chemicals that make fabrics seem to show more light than they really do, to make them brighter they convert ultraviolet light to visible light in the blue region.

A: A denim’s weave has yarn running both lengthwise and widths.

In the 1950s silicon's developed commercially for the aerospace and electronics industries but rapidly found applications in many fields, especially construction.

Denim dictionary H - Z by Kenneth @ Buddha jeans
Post and denim dictionary by Kenneth @ buddha jeans

Hand or Handle
The way a fabric feels.

Warp
The lengthwise, vertical yarns carried over and under the weft.

Hemp
The controversial fiber with the bad reputation.

Spandex PU
Generic name for artificial fibres derived from a resin called segmented polyurethane.

Since the 80' rayon use has grown dramatically as new formulations and blends have added more strength and softness to the fabric and have made it more absorbent, more washable, and less vulnerable to wrinkling.

US customs defines this fabric as not of a square construction, whether napped or not, weighing less than 200 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter.

Optical brightness or Optical Whiteners
Chemicals that make fabrics seem to show more light than they really do, to make them brighter they convert ultraviolet light to visible light in the blue region.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

It can also be used on fabrics destined for the jeanswear industry for keeping dye on the surface of the yarns or fabrics so that dyes do not fully penetrate the fibre.

Spandex PU
Generic name for artificial fibres derived from a resin called segmented polyurethane.

Indigo’s inherent features are good color fastness to water and light, a continually fading and its inability to penetrate fibers completely.

Pima Cotton
Cotton grown in Peru and America where the fibre length is long and luxurious.

The word looms from Middle English lome, tool applied to any set of devices permitting a warp working process.

When the first silicone oil made in the 1870s, its insensitivity to both high and low temperatures noted, but the first silicone rubbers were not invented until 1943.

When the first silicone oil made in the 1870s, its insensitivity to both high and low temperatures noted, but the first silicone rubbers were not invented until 1943.

Red lines
To collectors, jeans made before 1986, which have a red line running up the seam.

It is a jean with a bib top and suspenders over shoulders and back.

Sliver
Continuous strands of fibre untwisted that come from carding.

Men’s Jeans
Men’s jeans to encompass a good fit anatomically.

Man made Fibre
Viscose and Acetate, derived from cellulose were almost all the artificial fibres in existence before World War II.

LHT
The LHT, left hand twill, weave runs diagonally from right to left in a northwesterly direction.

Usually in piece dyed fabrics, left hand twill fabrics are woven from single plied yarns in the warp.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

Today, the word is used both as a color and as a style of trouser.

Most commercial silk produced cultivated silkworm, Bombyx mori, which feeds exclusively on the leaves of certain varieties of mulberry trees and spins a thin, white filament.

Laundry
A manufacturing company that takes unwashed jeans, and processes them.

Slasher Dyed
One of the three methods to dye indigo yarn.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

In the jeans industry Levi’s has always used Right Hand twill for their basic denim in their 501 model as well as their other basic models.

Hoechst Celanese
Calls their company a science-based, market-driven company, who produce and market chemicals, fibres and films, engineering plastics, high-performance and specialty materials, pharmaceuticals, and animal-health and crop-protection products.

Hipster jeans
Jeans that starts about 10 centimeters below the navel.

Most common starches used are corn in the United States, rice in Asia, and potato in Europe, or PVOH and other chemical substances.

It was used by Levis to make the big E. The dying formula originally included some real corn syrup.

Virgin Fiber
Fibres never made into fabric before, primarily used for wool fibres (virgin wool), to differentiate between these and reclaimed, reprocessed, and reused fibres.

Silicone
silicon's are silicon-containing polymer materials that have found wide use in industry because of their great stability.

Quality Control
This term unfortunately can mean everything and nothing!

Fabrics made of rayon are strong, highly absorbent, and soft; they drape well and can be mixed in brilliant, long-lasting colors.

Rope Dyed
Considered as the best possible method to dye indigo yarns.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Sanding Emerising
A fabric finishing process where fabrics sanded real sandpaper to make the surface soft without hair.

Serge, Gabardine, and Cheviot are major types of twill.

Oxidation
Where oxygen and another substance chemically join.

Lyocell
The generic name given to the cellulosic fibre developed by Courtaulds and marketed by them under the Tencel brand name.

Hemp official name cannabis sativa, L, from the Greek cannabis fell victim to the anti-drug sentiment of the times when the U.S.

Skewing
Twill fabrics have to be ensured not to skew or not unroll.

Italian textile mills are famous as being the best finishers in the world.

Finishing and garment wash affect the last handle of a fabric.

When the first silicone oil made in the 1870s, its insensitivity to both high and low temperatures noted, but the first silicone rubbers were not invented until 1943.

Poplin
Name of a light weight tightly more warp threads than filling woven plain weave fabric where a coarser yarn is used in the filling than the warp, leaving a slight rib effect across the width of the goods.

In pile-fabric constructions, such as velvet or velveteen, extra sets of warps are used to form the pile.

The fibre can be spun into yarn two times finer than Pima, the next best cotton grade.

This processing includes washing, stone washing, sandblasting, and garment dying.

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

Oxford
Originally made in Oxford, England, it is a plain weave fabric where 2 or more filling yarns pass over and under 1 or more parallel warp yarns.

Growing 3-8 feet high, with heart-shaped leaves, the plant’s fibres was used in fabric in ancient Egypt and was known in Europe during the Middle Ages.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

The crotches on men’s jeans are spacier , adding more depth and room where needed

Mercerization
An industrial process used on yarn or fabrics to increase lustre as well as dye affinity.

Twill
The term twill designates both a textile weave characterised by diagonal structural designs and the cloth made from that weave.

Z-Twist
A right-handed twisted yarn, as opposed to S-Twist.

While the historical definition implied that all jeans made of denim, jeans today usually refer to a garment that has 5 pockets two in the front, two in the back and a small change pocket on the front right pocket and this style can be made using any kinds of fabrics be it corduroy, twill, or bull denim.

Man made Fibre
Viscose and Acetate, derived from cellulose were almost all the artificial fibres in existence before World War II.

A fiber taken from straw of the flax plant.

Finishing and garment wash affect the last handle of a fabric.

Loop Dyed
One of the three major industrial methods of dyeing indigo yarns.

Many of the fabrics produced in the Italian area of Prato are made using yarns spun from blends of reclaimed wool and, of course, other fiber.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Slubs are tiny knots of cotton, and these slubs are found randomly throughout the yarn.

Look out for fabrics containing P.C.P., a highly toxic chemical still used sometimes as sizing agent

Slim Leg Fit
This jean leg has no ease added to your thigh and knee measurements.

Ramie is resistant to mildew and other types of micro-organism attack and good fastness to sun.

This is a problematic process and the dyes in any case have poor fasting

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source that can be convertible, after spinning, into yarns and then into woven cloth.

The result was a new fibre which was not only environmentally friendly more than any other fibre but also featured very high strength and a wonderful touch.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

During the 1930s, after intensive fibre research, several new synthetic fibres experimentally which led to production of nylon Dupont’s invention, the first commercially successful synthetic-textile fibre.

Cone Mills South Carolina deliver XX denim and only to Levi Strauss.

Most commercial silk produced cultivated silkworm, Bombyx mori, which feeds exclusively on the leaves of certain varieties of mulberry trees and spins a thin, white filament.

This is a very subjective judgment of the feel of a fabric and it should help decide if a fabric is suitable for a specific end use.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

Herringbone
Herringbone is a weave where twill warp stripes created by running twill in different directions.

Hemp official name cannabis sativa, L, from the Greek cannabis fell victim to the anti-drug sentiment of the times when the U.S.

During the 1930s, after intensive fibre research, several new synthetic fibres experimentally which led to production of nylon Dupont’s invention, the first commercially successful synthetic-textile fibre.

It was used by Levis to make the big E. The dying formula originally included some real corn syrup.

Fabrics made of rayon are strong, highly absorbent, and soft; they drape well and can be mixed in brilliant, long-lasting colors.

If any indigo yarn twisted, white fibre is found.

The stems steeped in water to remove resinous matter and allow fermentation to take place.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Hand may be crisp, soft, drapeable, smooth, springy, stiff, cool, warm, rough, hard, limp, soap.

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

Textile Industry
Derived from the Latin Texere to weave, and originally used to describe woven fabrics, textiles has become a general term for fibres, yarns, and other materials that can be made into fabrics as well as for woven or knitted fabrics.

Satin and Sateen
A fabric weave where one yarn floats over a series of yarns before it interlaced once.

Left Hand Twill
A fabric weave where the twill line runs from the top left hand corner of the fabric towards the bottom right.

Laundry
A manufacturing company that takes unwashed jeans, and processes them.

Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937.

Wrangler
This name will celebrate its 50th anniversary next year; the jeans manufactured by a Company called Blue Bell.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Width
One of the most controversial issues in fabric sale; it can be selvage to selvage, where the width value is inclusive of selvage, or usable, where the value indicates the fabric effectively cut-table.

Wrangler
This name will celebrate its 50th anniversary next year; the jeans manufactured by a Company called Blue Bell.

Intimate blend yarn
Different fiber blended together to make a yarn composed of two fibers.

Ring Spun denim
This is the denim of the past.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Synthetic dyes
In 1856 William Henry Perkin, an English chemist, discovered the synthetic dye mauveine.

Hemp is a low-cost annual seed plant that grows in most climates.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Shade Blanket
Fabric cut from each roll of fabric, sewn together, with roll numbers on the back of each pad to allow manufacturers to wash and name all shade colors of each roll.

It dries quickly and becomes smoother and more lustrous with repeated washing's.

The intent of this law was to prohibit the use of marijuana, but it created so much red tape that production of industrial hemp became nearly impossible in spite of all the products that derive from hemp.

S-Twist Yarn
A left-handed twisted yarn.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Redcast
Organic blue, which is also known as happy days, has a slightly reddish tint.

LHT
The LHT, left hand twill, weave runs diagonally from right to left in a northwesterly direction.

Rivets
Metal tabs placed at stress points in 60's jeans, introduced by Nevada tailor Jacob Davis, who borrowed the technique from horse blankets.

Poplin
Name of a light weight tightly more warp threads than filling woven plain weave fabric where a coarser yarn is used in the filling than the warp, leaving a slight rib effect across the width of the goods.

The significance of this is that nothing solid passed into the shed other than the weft, which eliminates the difficulties normally associated with checking and warp protection, and reduces the noise to an acceptable level.

Shade Blanket
Fabric cut from each roll of fabric, sewn together, with roll numbers on the back of each pad to allow manufacturers to wash and name all shade colors of each roll.

Greige fabric is generally dirty, harsh, unattractive and requires considerable skill and imagination for conversion into a desirable product.

About 17 years ago, a process that was more economical and produced a more consistent yarn thickness.

Because ramie is brittle, spinning it is difficult and weaving complicated because ramie has a very hairy yarn surface.

Our Cheyenne fabric boasts Double Ring Spun qualities.

Polyester’s weak characteristics are that it pills, and is non-absorbent.

This processing includes washing, stone washing, sandblasting, and garment dying.

Oxford
Originally made in Oxford, England, it is a plain weave fabric where 2 or more filling yarns pass over and under 1 or more parallel warp yarns.

Scouring
An industrial process where dirt or starch oil, grease, sizing taken off fabrics.

This allows the blue color in jeans made from indigo to always look irregular and individual.

Laundry
A manufacturing company that takes unwashed jeans, and processes them.

When the first silicone oil made in the 1870s, its insensitivity to both high and low temperatures noted, but the first silicone rubbers were not invented until 1943.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

If hemp had not been outlawed, most would still be standing, oxygenating the planet.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

This is a problematic process and the dyes in any case have poor fasting

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source that can be convertible, after spinning, into yarns and then into woven cloth.

Rayon fibres are also used as reinforcing cords in motor tires, and their excellent absorbent makes them useful in medical and surgical materials.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

Harness
The frame holding huddles that have warp yarns threaded through its eyes.

Uneven Yarn
Ring Spun yarn is by nature never perfectly regular; these irregularities can be used to give character to the yarn and subsequently to the fabric.

Twill-weave fabrics are also used for linings, pockets, and mattress ticking.

When vintage shopping for jeanswear check jackets and jeans for selvage because they are a great clue to the real thing!

Points / Demerit Points
Visual fabric inspections require a numerical assessment to be made to areas of the fabric where there are defects.

During the 1930s, after intensive fibre research, several new synthetic fibres experimentally which led to production of nylon Dupont’s invention, the first commercially successful synthetic-textile fibre.

They are available in almost any color used extensively in the jeans wear industry by fabric dyers who want to create fabrics that fade.

All in all, ring spun is stronger and will last longer than normal Open End Denim.

Sanforize
A Clouet Peabody and Company trademark for the pre shrinking fabric process that limits residual fabric shrinkage to under 1%.

Right Hand Twill
A fabric weave where the twill line runs from the top right hand corner of the fabric towards the bottom left.

Sizing
Starch, gelatin, glue, wax added to fabrics in the finishing state to improve touch or weight and to help fabric laying in the cutting phase.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Sanforize
A Clouet Peabody and Company trademark for the pre shrinking fabric process that limits residual fabric shrinkage to under 1%.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

The intent of this law was to prohibit the use of marijuana, but it created so much red tape that production of industrial hemp became nearly impossible in spite of all the products that derive from hemp.

Pre-shrunk
Pre-shrunk means the denim been penetrated to make sure that the garment will shrink less than 3% in washing.

Sizing
Starch, gelatin, glue, wax added to fabrics in the finishing state to improve touch or weight and to help fabric laying in the cutting phase.

Rope Dyed
Considered as the best possible method to dye indigo yarns.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Sanding Emerising
A fabric finishing process where fabrics sanded real sandpaper to make the surface soft without hair.

Other dye-making factories followed both in the U.K. and continental Europe, and new dyes began to appear on the market.

Pumice Stones
A volcanic stone used for stone washing garments.

In the 1950s silicon's developed commercially for the aerospace and electronics industries but rapidly found applications in many fields, especially construction.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

While originally done only by hand, this processing has recently become automated.

In the 1960′s polyester and cotton blended and had mass market appeal due to the blending of both fibres’ strengths.

Serge, Gabardine, and Cheviot are major types of twill.

Twill-weave fabrics are also used for linings, pockets, and mattress ticking.

I was a gentlemen agreement 100 years ago between Levi's himself and Cone Mills.

Dyestuff manufacturers have tried to make other colors that duplicate indigo’s special features but no other color fades or avoids full fiber penetration.

While the historical definition implied that all jeans made of denim, jeans today usually refer to a garment that has 5 pockets two in the front, two in the back and a small change pocket on the front right pocket and this style can be made using any kinds of fabrics be it corduroy, twill, or bull denim.

Range-dyeing
Process in which yarn run through indigo dye, then the color fix by exposing it to air.

The leg of your jeans will hug your leg from the thigh to the knee.

Twill fabrics are usually firm and are used especially in suits and in sport and work clothes.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

Trevira
A branded type of Polyester, produced by Hoechst Fibres Inc. It offers better Pulling performance than regular Polyester.

After fermentation completed, the fibrous material separated from the woody matter and spun into thread.

Egyptian excavations have suggested that indigo was used as far back as 1600 B.C.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

Polyester’s weak characteristics are that it pills, and is non-absorbent.

Shade Blanket
Fabric cut from each roll of fabric, sewn together, with roll numbers on the back of each pad to allow manufacturers to wash and name all shade colors of each roll.

They are available as fluids, sealant-adhesives, mouldable resins, and rubbers.

Scouring
An industrial process where dirt or starch oil, grease, sizing taken off fabrics.

The dummy-shuttle type, the most successful of the shuttle's looms, makes use of a dummy shuttle, a projectile that contains no weft but that passes through the shed in the way of a shuttle and leaves a trail of yarn behind it.

Fourteen years after Baeyer’s discovery, indigo developed synthetically.

Natural dyes usually have no affinity for textile fibres until the fibres with aluminum, iron, or tin compounds to receive the dye mounting.

Rayon fibres are also used as reinforcing cords in motor tires, and their excellent absorbent makes them useful in medical and surgical materials.

Redcast
Organic blue, which is also known as happy days, has a slightly reddish tint.

Textile Finishing
The non coloring process to make woven or knitted fabric more acceptable to the consumer.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

This is a problematic process and the dyes in any case have poor fasting

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source that can be convertible, after spinning, into yarns and then into woven cloth.

Since the 80' rayon use has grown dramatically as new formulations and blends have added more strength and softness to the fabric and have made it more absorbent, more washable, and less vulnerable to wrinkling.

It was used by Levis to make the big E. The dying formula originally included some real corn syrup.

Look out for fabrics containing P.C.P., a highly toxic chemical still used sometimes as sizing agent

Slim Leg Fit
This jean leg has no ease added to your thigh and knee measurements.

Oxford
Originally made in Oxford, England, it is a plain weave fabric where 2 or more filling yarns pass over and under 1 or more parallel warp yarns.

Rivets
Metal tabs placed at stress points in 60's jeans, introduced by Nevada tailor Jacob Davis, who borrowed the technique from horse blankets.

This processing includes washing, stone washing, sandblasting, and garment dying.

They are available in almost any color used extensively in the jeans wear industry by fabric dyers who want to create fabrics that fade.

Also very popular in nylon for outdoor and winter jackets.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

The fiber can be from 2 - 36 long with a natural color that varies from light ivory to dark tan or grey.

Black and white fibre mixed will combine to give grey heather fibre.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

Scouring
An industrial process where dirt or starch oil, grease, sizing taken off fabrics.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

Red lines
To collectors, jeans made before 1986, which have a red line running up the seam.

Chemicals are also now used in many laundries replacing sand.

Natural Dyes
Up to the middle of the 19th century there were only natural dyes and most of these were vegetable origin.

After the war, in 1947, Blue Bell started manufacturing jeans for cowboys.

Cone Mills South Carolina deliver XX denim and only to Levi Strauss.

Since the 80' rayon use has grown dramatically as new formulations and blends have added more strength and softness to the fabric and have made it more absorbent, more washable, and less vulnerable to wrinkling.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

US customs defines this fabric as not of a square construction, whether napped or not, weighing less than 200 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter.

In the 1950s silicon's developed commercially for the aerospace and electronics industries but rapidly found applications in many fields, especially construction.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

The rapier type conveys a pick of weft from a stationary package through the shed with either a single rapier or a pair of rapiers.

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

Natural indigo dyes used throughout history, and have been found in Africa, India, Indonesia, and China.

Sulphur
A type of dyestuff used frequently on blacks, and neutrals khaki’s while economical, has only moderate fastness to washing and light.

Slub Yarn
A yarn that is spun purposely to look irregular in shape length and diameter.

Yarn
A generic term for a continuous strand spun from a group of natural or synthetic staple fibres, or filaments, used in weaving, knitting to form textile fabrics.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

Denim dictionary H - Z by Kenneth @ Buddha jeans
Post and denim dictionary by Kenneth @ buddha jeans

Hand or Handle
The way a fabric feels.

Living soil defined as being free of toxic chemicals for three years is the basis of an organic farm and organic farmers have proven when plants are healthy they are able to resist insects, weeds and disease.

Herringbone
Herringbone is a weave where twill warp stripes created by running twill in different directions.

Virgin Fiber
Fibres never made into fabric before, primarily used for wool fibres (virgin wool), to differentiate between these and reclaimed, reprocessed, and reused fibres.

Other dye-making factories followed both in the U.K. and continental Europe, and new dyes began to appear on the market.

This processing includes washing, stone washing, sandblasting, and garment dying.

Usually in piece dyed fabrics, left hand twill fabrics are woven from single plied yarns in the warp.

Rivets
Metal tabs placed at stress points in 60's jeans, introduced by Nevada tailor Jacob Davis, who borrowed the technique from horse blankets.

The usefulness of a fibre for commercial purposes is determined by it’s length, strength, pliability, elasticity, abrasion resistance, absorbent, and various surface properties
The earliest sign of hemp is in South East Asia in 4500 BC, linen in Egypt in 3400 BC, and cotton fibre use is in India in 3000 BC.

Rope Dyed
Considered as the best possible method to dye indigo yarns.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Sanding Emerising
A fabric finishing process where fabrics sanded real sandpaper to make the surface soft without hair.

Rapier looms are, on the, simpler and more versatile than dummy-shuttle looms but are slower in weaving speed.

Herringbone
Herringbone is a weave where twill warp stripes created by running twill in different directions.

Twill-weave fabrics are also used for linings, pockets, and mattress ticking.

The crotches on men’s jeans are spacier , adding more depth and room where needed

Mercerization
An industrial process used on yarn or fabrics to increase lustre as well as dye affinity.

Living soil defined as being free of toxic chemicals for three years is the basis of an organic farm and organic farmers have proven when plants are healthy they are able to resist insects, weeds and disease.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Also very popular in nylon for outdoor and winter jackets.

Shade Blanket
Fabric cut from each roll of fabric, sewn together, with roll numbers on the back of each pad to allow manufacturers to wash and name all shade colors of each roll.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

Rayon fibres are also used as reinforcing cords in motor tires, and their excellent absorbent makes them useful in medical and surgical materials.

Indigo’s inherent features are good color fastness to water and light, a continually fading and its inability to penetrate fibers completely.

There are of two kinds of fluid-jet looms, one employing a jet of air, the other a water jet, to propel a measured length of weft through the shed.

The usefulness of a fibre for commercial purposes is determined by it’s length, strength, pliability, elasticity, abrasion resistance, absorbent, and various surface properties
The earliest sign of hemp is in South East Asia in 4500 BC, linen in Egypt in 3400 BC, and cotton fibre use is in India in 3000 BC.

By pulling one end of the huddle or the other, the warp end can be deflected to one side or the other of the main sheet of ends.

While the historical definition implied that all jeans made of denim, jeans today usually refer to a garment that has 5 pockets two in the front, two in the back and a small change pocket on the front right pocket and this style can be made using any kinds of fabrics be it corduroy, twill, or bull denim.

Most common starches used are corn in the United States, rice in Asia, and potato in Europe, or PVOH and other chemical substances.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

Herringbone
Herringbone is a weave where twill warp stripes created by running twill in different directions.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

They are the largest subsidiary of the Hoechst Group, a premier worldwide organization with 280 companies in 120 countries and an annual sales volume of $28 billion.

In the jeans industry Lee has always used Left Hand twill denim as their basic denim.'

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

While the historical definition implied that all jeans made of denim, jeans today usually refer to a garment that has 5 pockets two in the front, two in the back and a small change pocket on the front right pocket and this style can be made using any kinds of fabrics be it corduroy, twill, or bull denim.

Double Ring Spun
Q:What’s the difference between Single Ring Spun denim and Double Ring Spun denim?

Scouring
An industrial process where dirt or starch oil, grease, sizing taken off fabrics.

Usually slub yarns are very regular in repeat and size.

Occurs when indigo yarn comes out of the indigo bath between dips, and is critical for the dyestuff to penetrate the fibre.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

US customs defines this fabric as not of a square construction, whether napped or not, weighing less than 200 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

This is a problematic process and the dyes in any case have poor fasting

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source that can be convertible, after spinning, into yarns and then into woven cloth.

The best laundries and wash developments come from Italy, Japan and the United States.

Spinning
Spinning is the process by which cotton, wool, flax, and other short fiber twisted together to produce a yarn or thread suitable for weaving into cloth, winding into rope or cable, or used in sewing.

Occurs when indigo yarn comes out of the indigo bath between dips, and is critical for the dyestuff to penetrate the fibre.

Denim for dummies by buddha jeans
Denim For Dummies made by kenneth @ buddha jeans
Sources
Work notes by kenneth @ buddha jeans Levi Strauss Europe, Middle East and Africa
Wikipedia
Raw denim
Levi Strauss College 2000-2001 print
Cone Textile Group print
Wrangler

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

Pima Cotton
Cotton grown in Peru and America where the fibre length is long and luxurious.

Natural indigo dyes used throughout history, and have been found in Africa, India, Indonesia, and China.

This is a very subjective judgment of the feel of a fabric and it should help decide if a fabric is suitable for a specific end use.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Living soil defined as being free of toxic chemicals for three years is the basis of an organic farm and organic farmers have proven when plants are healthy they are able to resist insects, weeds and disease.

Growing 3-8 feet high, with heart-shaped leaves, the plant’s fibres was used in fabric in ancient Egypt and was known in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Blue Bell Overall established in North Carolina in 1904, changed its name to Blue Bell Company in 1925.

Indigo’s inherent features are good color fastness to water and light, a continually fading and its inability to penetrate fibers completely.

The word looms from Middle English lome, tool applied to any set of devices permitting a warp working process.

While the historical definition implied that all jeans made of denim, jeans today usually refer to a garment that has 5 pockets two in the front, two in the back and a small change pocket on the front right pocket and this style can be made using any kinds of fabrics be it corduroy, twill, or bull denim.

The frame holding the huddles called harness.

Most common starches used are corn in the United States, rice in Asia, and potato in Europe, or PVOH and other chemical substances.

Indigo’s inherent features are good color fastness to water and light, a continually fading and its inability to penetrate fibers completely.

The dummy-shuttle type, the most successful of the shuttle's looms, makes use of a dummy shuttle, a projectile that contains no weft but that passes through the shed in the way of a shuttle and leaves a trail of yarn behind it.

Optical brightness or Optical Whiteners
Chemicals that make fabrics seem to show more light than they really do, to make them brighter they convert ultraviolet light to visible light in the blue region.

Look out for fabrics containing P.C.P., a highly toxic chemical still used sometimes as sizing agent

Slim Leg Fit
This jean leg has no ease added to your thigh and knee measurements.

Virgin Fiber
Fibres never made into fabric before, primarily used for wool fibres (virgin wool), to differentiate between these and reclaimed, reprocessed, and reused fibres.

Natural dyes usually have no affinity for textile fibres until the fibres with aluminum, iron, or tin compounds to receive the dye mounting.

This allows the blue color in jeans made from indigo to always look irregular and individual.

This is a problematic process and the dyes in any case have poor fasting

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source that can be convertible, after spinning, into yarns and then into woven cloth.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

Man made Fibre
Viscose and Acetate, derived from cellulose were almost all the artificial fibres in existence before World War II.

Egyptian excavations have suggested that indigo was used as far back as 1600 B.C.

Hemp official name cannabis sativa, L, from the Greek cannabis fell victim to the anti-drug sentiment of the times when the U.S.

Uneven Yarn
Ring Spun yarn is by nature never perfectly regular; these irregularities can be used to give character to the yarn and subsequently to the fabric.

Hoechst Celanese
Calls their company a science-based, market-driven company, who produce and market chemicals, fibres and films, engineering plastics, high-performance and specialty materials, pharmaceuticals, and animal-health and crop-protection products.

Cone Mills South Carolina deliver XX denim and only to Levi Strauss.

Blue Bell Overall established in North Carolina in 1904, changed its name to Blue Bell Company in 1925.

This processing includes washing, stone washing, sandblasting, and garment dying.

Hand may be crisp, soft, drapeable, smooth, springy, stiff, cool, warm, rough, hard, limp, soap.

The fibre can be spun into yarn two times finer than Pima, the next best cotton grade.

Most commercial silk produced cultivated silkworm, Bombyx mori, which feeds exclusively on the leaves of certain varieties of mulberry trees and spins a thin, white filament.

Growing 3-8 feet high, with heart-shaped leaves, the plant’s fibres was used in fabric in ancient Egypt and was known in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Hand may be crisp, soft, drapeable, smooth, springy, stiff, cool, warm, rough, hard, limp, soap.

The intent of this law was to prohibit the use of marijuana, but it created so much red tape that production of industrial hemp became nearly impossible in spite of all the products that derive from hemp.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Linen is very absorbent, take dyes more readily than cotton but has poor resiliency.

Denim dictionary H - Z by Kenneth @ Buddha jeans
Post and denim dictionary by Kenneth @ buddha jeans

Hand or Handle
The way a fabric feels.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Organic Cotton
Cotton grown where toxic chemicals eliminated in all growing process steps.

Fabrics made of rayon are strong, highly absorbent, and soft; they drape well and can be mixed in brilliant, long-lasting colors.

This is an important tool in cutting apparel made from denim to make sure you cut garments from the same shade group.

Nylon is naturally water-repellent, easy to dye, and very strong.

Natural Dyes
Up to the middle of the 19th century there were only natural dyes and most of these were vegetable origin.

When vintage shopping for jeanswear check jackets and jeans for selvage because they are a great clue to the real thing!

Usually in piece dyed fabrics, left hand twill fabrics are woven from single plied yarns in the warp.

S-Twist Yarn
A left-handed twisted yarn.

Hemp is a low-cost annual seed plant that grows in most climates.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

Poplin
Name of a light weight tightly more warp threads than filling woven plain weave fabric where a coarser yarn is used in the filling than the warp, leaving a slight rib effect across the width of the goods.

They are the largest subsidiary of the Hoechst Group, a premier worldwide organization with 280 companies in 120 countries and an annual sales volume of $28 billion.

Most famous loom manufacturers are Sulzer Ruti from Switzerland, Picanol from Belgium, Dornier from France, Tsudakoma ,Toyoda from Japan and Vamatex from Italy.

Scouring
An industrial process where dirt or starch oil, grease, sizing taken off fabrics.

The word looms from Middle English lome, tool applied to any set of devices permitting a warp working process.

They are sometimes used in the manufacture of fabrics and are often included in the formula of many detergents sold for home use.

Spinning
Spinning is the process by which cotton, wool, flax, and other short fiber twisted together to produce a yarn or thread suitable for weaving into cloth, winding into rope or cable, or used in sewing.

Natural indigo dyes used throughout history, and have been found in Africa, India, Indonesia, and China.

It was used by Levis to make the big E. The dying formula originally included some real corn syrup.

The word looms from Middle English lome, tool applied to any set of devices permitting a warp working process.

Look out for fabrics containing P.C.P., a highly toxic chemical still used sometimes as sizing agent

Slim Leg Fit
This jean leg has no ease added to your thigh and knee measurements.

The rapier type conveys a pick of weft from a stationary package through the shed with either a single rapier or a pair of rapiers.

Whether chemical or synthetic, indigo dyes never fully penetrate fibre and the dye continually fades.

The usefulness of a fibre for commercial purposes is determined by it’s length, strength, pliability, elasticity, abrasion resistance, absorbent, and various surface properties
The earliest sign of hemp is in South East Asia in 4500 BC, linen in Egypt in 3400 BC, and cotton fibre use is in India in 3000 BC.

Living soil defined as being free of toxic chemicals for three years is the basis of an organic farm and organic farmers have proven when plants are healthy they are able to resist insects, weeds and disease.

Denim for dummies by buddha jeans
Denim For Dummies made by kenneth @ buddha jeans
Sources
Work notes by kenneth @ buddha jeans Levi Strauss Europe, Middle East and Africa
Wikipedia
Raw denim
Levi Strauss College 2000-2001 print
Cone Textile Group print
Wrangler

Most famous loom manufacturers are Sulzer Ruti from Switzerland, Picanol from Belgium, Dornier from France, Tsudakoma ,Toyoda from Japan and Vamatex from Italy.

Growing 3-8 feet high, with heart-shaped leaves, the plant’s fibres was used in fabric in ancient Egypt and was known in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

US customs defines this fabric as not of a square construction, whether napped or not, weighing less than 200 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Sizing
Starch, gelatin, glue, wax added to fabrics in the finishing state to improve touch or weight and to help fabric laying in the cutting phase.

They are the largest subsidiary of the Hoechst Group, a premier worldwide organization with 280 companies in 120 countries and an annual sales volume of $28 billion.

Harness
The frame holding huddles that have warp yarns threaded through its eyes.

Rapiers are either rigid rods or flexible steel tapes, which are straight when in the shed but on withdrawal are wound onto a wheel, to save floor space.

Denim dictionary H - Z by Kenneth @ Buddha jeans
Post and denim dictionary by Kenneth @ buddha jeans

Hand or Handle
The way a fabric feels.

The stems steeped in water to remove resinous matter and allow fermentation to take place.

Man made Fibre
Viscose and Acetate, derived from cellulose were almost all the artificial fibres in existence before World War II.

While the historical definition implied that all jeans made of denim, jeans today usually refer to a garment that has 5 pockets two in the front, two in the back and a small change pocket on the front right pocket and this style can be made using any kinds of fabrics be it corduroy, twill, or bull denim.

And the depth of the back yoke gives a nice fit from the waist to the thighs.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Heddles control the weave pattern and shed as the harnesses raised and lowered during the weaving.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

They are the largest subsidiary of the Hoechst Group, a premier worldwide organization with 280 companies in 120 countries and an annual sales volume of $28 billion.

Other dyes fully penetrate fibers Indigo is always blue although there are various casts of blue indigo available.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

The usefulness of a fibre for commercial purposes is determined by it’s length, strength, pliability, elasticity, abrasion resistance, absorbent, and various surface properties
The earliest sign of hemp is in South East Asia in 4500 BC, linen in Egypt in 3400 BC, and cotton fibre use is in India in 3000 BC.

Open End denim
The denim most people are familiar with is Open End Denim.

Natural indigo dyes used throughout history, and have been found in Africa, India, Indonesia, and China.

Fabrics made of rayon are strong, highly absorbent, and soft; they drape well and can be mixed in brilliant, long-lasting colors.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Many of the fabrics produced in the Italian area of Prato are made using yarns spun from blends of reclaimed wool and, of course, other fiber.

Black and white fibre mixed will combine to give grey heather fibre.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Natural dyes usually have no affinity for textile fibres until the fibres with aluminum, iron, or tin compounds to receive the dye mounting.

Rivets
Metal tabs placed at stress points in 60's jeans, introduced by Nevada tailor Jacob Davis, who borrowed the technique from horse blankets.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

Sizing
Starch, gelatin, glue, wax added to fabrics in the finishing state to improve touch or weight and to help fabric laying in the cutting phase.

A fiber taken from straw of the flax plant.

Wales
They are a series of ribs or ridges usually running lengthwise on woven fabrics.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

Hemp is a low-cost annual seed plant that grows in most climates.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

Nylon is naturally water-repellent, easy to dye, and very strong.

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

Heather Cross Dye Top Dye Melange
A mixed fabric color achieved the best examples are grey t-shirts, socks or wool used in suiting, by using different colors of fibre, and mixing them together.

Rivets
Metal tabs placed at stress points in 60's jeans, introduced by Nevada tailor Jacob Davis, who borrowed the technique from horse blankets.

The best laundries and wash developments come from Italy, Japan and the United States.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Screening
A laundry process where jeans checked for quality, repaired, price tagged and packed.

The usefulness of a fibre for commercial purposes is determined by it’s length, strength, pliability, elasticity, abrasion resistance, absorbent, and various surface properties
The earliest sign of hemp is in South East Asia in 4500 BC, linen in Egypt in 3400 BC, and cotton fibre use is in India in 3000 BC.

Shade Batching
The process of selecting batches of fabrics into homogeneous shade lots to get consistent color continuity in garment making.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

Range-dyeing
Process in which yarn run through indigo dye, then the color fix by exposing it to air.

Harness
The frame holding huddles that have warp yarns threaded through its eyes.

Ramie fibre is pure white in colour, lustrous, moisture absorbent, and readily dyed.

Sizing
Starch, gelatin, glue, wax added to fabrics in the finishing state to improve touch or weight and to help fabric laying in the cutting phase.

Khaki is a beige to yellow military color and the garment is usually a men’s army style trouser made of a twill cotton fabric.

Left Hand Twill
A fabric weave where the twill line runs from the top left hand corner of the fabric towards the bottom right.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Greige fabric is generally dirty, harsh, unattractive and requires considerable skill and imagination for conversion into a desirable product.

Left Hand Twill
A fabric weave where the twill line runs from the top left hand corner of the fabric towards the bottom right.

The intent of this law was to prohibit the use of marijuana, but it created so much red tape that production of industrial hemp became nearly impossible in spite of all the products that derive from hemp.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

Padazoic
A little known dyestuff that was used in the late 1960′s and early 1970′s instead of indigo when there was insufficient indigo production throughout the world to support the demand.

The significance of this is that nothing solid passed into the shed other than the weft, which eliminates the difficulties normally associated with checking and warp protection, and reduces the noise to an acceptable level.

Rapiers are either rigid rods or flexible steel tapes, which are straight when in the shed but on withdrawal are wound onto a wheel, to save floor space.

From this day forward, synthetic dye stuffs began to supplant natural dye.

Hoechst Celanese
Calls their company a science-based, market-driven company, who produce and market chemicals, fibres and films, engineering plastics, high-performance and specialty materials, pharmaceuticals, and animal-health and crop-protection products.

It can also be used on fabrics destined for the jeanswear industry for keeping dye on the surface of the yarns or fabrics so that dyes do not fully penetrate the fibre.

This is a problematic process and the dyes in any case have poor fasting

Any hair like raw material directly obtainable from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source that can be convertible, after spinning, into yarns and then into woven cloth.

Today, the word is used both as a color and as a style of trouser.

Hemp official name cannabis sativa, L, from the Greek cannabis fell victim to the anti-drug sentiment of the times when the U.S.

Jeans
Long, narrow pants, especially for women; manufactured by diagonal-weave cotton fabric.

Harness
The frame holding huddles that have warp yarns threaded through its eyes.

Spinning
Spinning is the process by which cotton, wool, flax, and other short fiber twisted together to produce a yarn or thread suitable for weaving into cloth, winding into rope or cable, or used in sewing.

Sliver
Continuous strands of fibre untwisted that come from carding.

Organic Cotton
Cotton grown where toxic chemicals eliminated in all growing process steps.

Black and white fibre mixed will combine to give grey heather fibre.

Synthetic Fibres
Chemicals combined into large molecules called polymers, produce fibres like nylon, polyester, spandex, acrylic, modacrylic, olefin, saran, spandex, and vinyon.

In pile-fabric constructions, such as velvet or velveteen, extra sets of warps are used to form the pile.

The dummy-shuttle type, the most successful of the shuttle's looms, makes use of a dummy shuttle, a projectile that contains no weft but that passes through the shed in the way of a shuttle and leaves a trail of yarn behind it.

Hoechst Celanese
Calls their company a science-based, market-driven company, who produce and market chemicals, fibres and films, engineering plastics, high-performance and specialty materials, pharmaceuticals, and animal-health and crop-protection products.

Polyamide / Polyester
Polyester made of chemicals derived from coal, air, water and oil.

Only a gentleman's shake, no contracts and it's still valid.

The best laundries and wash developments come from Italy, Japan and the United States.

After fermentation completed, the fibrous material separated from the woody matter and spun into thread.

The thighs are cut closer to the body.

These features have helped nylon replace cotton in many industrial uses like bags and flags and is very popular for use in the apparel industry.

Occurs when indigo yarn comes out of the indigo bath between dips, and is critical for the dyestuff to penetrate the fibre.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Shuttles used to be shuttle looms wooden with a metal tip.

The synthetic-dye manufacturing industry founded by Perkin in 1857, when he set up facilities near London for the commercial production of mauveine and, later, of other synthetic dyes.

Z-Twist
A right-handed twisted yarn, as opposed to S-Twist.

Most frequently used on indigo or black denim fabric which is overdyed black.

Threads, cords, ropes, braids, lace, embroidery, nets, bonding, felting, or tufting are textiles.

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

Black and white fibre mixed will combine to give grey heather fibre.

Fabric made from ramie fibre is easily laundered, increasing in strength when wet, and does not shrink or lose its shape.

Indigo’s inherent features are good color fastness to water and light, a continually fading and its inability to penetrate fibers completely.

After fermentation completed, the fibrous material separated from the woody matter and spun into thread.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

The usefulness of a fibre for commercial purposes is determined by it’s length, strength, pliability, elasticity, abrasion resistance, absorbent, and various surface properties
The earliest sign of hemp is in South East Asia in 4500 BC, linen in Egypt in 3400 BC, and cotton fibre use is in India in 3000 BC.

Lyocell
The generic name given to the cellulosic fibre developed by Courtaulds and marketed by them under the Tencel brand name.

Heddles
Steel wires, or thin flat steel strips held by the frame, with a loop or eye near the centre through which one or more warp yarns pass on the loom so that the thread movement is controllable in weaving.

Hemp’s natural fiber and seed oil have over 25,000 possible industrial applications and these were once competitors of wood pulp, cotton, and petroleum products like inks, paints, plastics, solvents, sealants, and synthetic fabrics.

It was used by Levis to make the big E. The dying formula originally included some real corn syrup.

Hemp official name cannabis sativa, L, from the Greek cannabis fell victim to the anti-drug sentiment of the times when the U.S.

All in all, ring spun is stronger and will last longer than normal Open End Denim.

Sandblast
A laundry process where jeans before washing are literally shot with guns of sand to make the worn look.

When the first silicone oil made in the 1870s, its insensitivity to both high and low temperatures noted, but the first silicone rubbers were not invented until 1943.

The dummy-shuttle type, the most successful of the shuttle's looms, makes use of a dummy shuttle, a projectile that contains no weft but that passes through the shed in the way of a shuttle and leaves a trail of yarn behind it.

Plain Weave
The simplest and most common fabric weave where the filling yarn passes over and under each warp yarn in alternating rows.

Hipster jeans
Jeans that starts about 10 centimeters below the navel.

Fabric made from ramie fibre is easily laundered, increasing in strength when wet, and does not shrink or lose its shape.

Natural indigo dyes used throughout history, and have been found in Africa, India, Indonesia, and China.

They are sometimes used in the manufacture of fabrics and are often included in the formula of many detergents sold for home use.

The purpose is to mix the properties and characteristics of each fibre into one new mixed fiber

Jean
Comes from the French word Genes used to describe the pants sailors from Genoa once wore.

Shade Blanket
Fabric cut from each roll of fabric, sewn together, with roll numbers on the back of each pad to allow manufacturers to wash and name all shade colors of each roll.

Textile Industry
Derived from the Latin Texere to weave, and originally used to describe woven fabrics, textiles has become a general term for fibres, yarns, and other materials that can be made into fabrics as well as for woven or knitted fabrics.

The best laundries and wash developments come from Italy, Japan and the United States.

In 1897, fourteen years after Adolf von Bayer identified the chemical structure of indigo, the chemical became synthetically manufactured.

Hemp is a low-cost annual seed plant that grows in most climates.

This allows the blue color in jeans made from indigo to always look irregular and individual.

Today there are three kinds of looms: dummy shuttle, rapier, and fluid jet.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

The crotches on men’s jeans are spacier , adding more depth and room where needed

Mercerization
An industrial process used on yarn or fabrics to increase lustre as well as dye affinity.

Twill fabrics are usually firm and are used especially in suits and in sport and work clothes.

Jeans
Long, narrow pants, especially for women; manufactured by diagonal-weave cotton fabric.

US customs defines this fabric as not of a square construction, whether napped or not, weighing less than 200 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter.

They are the largest subsidiary of the Hoechst Group, a premier worldwide organization with 280 companies in 120 countries and an annual sales volume of $28 billion.

This is a very subjective judgment of the feel of a fabric and it should help decide if a fabric is suitable for a specific end use.

The rapier type conveys a pick of weft from a stationary package through the shed with either a single rapier or a pair of rapiers.

The French name is Genes, in English it’s pronounced jeans

Khaki
Khaki uniforms introduced by Sir Harry Burnett Lumsden for British colonial troops in India and were later widely used time of the Indian Mutiny 1857-5 and became the official colour for uniforms of British armies, native and colonial, in India.

Laundries today are critical in making jeans look commercial and wash development has become equally important to fabric development in the jeanswear industry.

Man made Fibre
Viscose and Acetate, derived from cellulose were almost all the artificial fibres in existence before World War II.

When vintage shopping for jeanswear check jackets and jeans for selvage because they are a great clue to the real thing!

Several species of wild silkworm feed on oak, cherry, and mulberry leaves and produce a brown, hairy filament that is three times the thickness of the cultivated filament and called Tussah silk.

denim for dummies by buddha jeans

Singeing
A phase of finishing when the fabric surface hair burnt or singed using a controlled flame, to give a clean appearance to the fabrics.

Red lines
To collectors, jeans made before 1986, which have a red line running up the seam.

Indigo
Indigo is a blue vat dye stuff, that was originally taken from the Indigofera tinctoria plant by fermenting the leaves of the shrub.

From the industrial revolution

Harness
The warp shed form with the aid of huddles where one huddle provided for each end of warp thread.

Silk, however, is the only natural fibre that does not come in staple lengths but instead in filament lengths.

In his October 30, 1988, editorial in California’s most conservative newspaper, The Orange County Register, senior columnist Alan Bock stated that Since 1937, about half the forests in the world have cut to make paper.

And the depth of the back yoke gives a nice fit from the waist to the thighs.