types:
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ballast
any heavy material used to stabilize a ship or airship
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bedding, bedding material, litter
material used to provide a bed for animals
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rind
the natural outer covering of food (usually removed before eating)
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precursor
a substance from which another substance is formed (especially by a metabolic reaction)
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atom, corpuscle, molecule, mote, particle, speck
(nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
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ammunition
any nuclear or chemical or biological material that can be used as a weapon of mass destruction
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floc, floccule
a small loosely aggregated mass of flocculent material suspended in or precipitated from a liquid
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HAZMAT
an abbreviation for `hazardous material' used on warning signs
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aggregate
material such as sand or gravel used with cement and water to make concrete, mortar, or plaster
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raw material, staple
material suitable for manufacture or use or finishing
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sorbate
a material that has been or is capable of being taken up by another substance by either absorption or adsorption
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sorbent, sorbent material
a material that sorbs another substance; i.e. that has the capacity or tendency to take it up by either absorption or adsorption
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diamagnet
a substance that exhibits diamagnetism
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mineral
solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
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rock, stone
material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust
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adhesive, adhesive agent, adhesive material
a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
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sealing material
any substance used to seal joints or fill cracks in a porous surface
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animal material
material derived from animals
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fluff
any light downy material
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bimetal
material made by bonding together sheets of two different metals
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abradant, abrasive, abrasive material
a substance that abrades or wears down
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chemical, chemical substance
material produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules
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composite material
strong lightweight material developed in the laboratory; fibers of more than one kind are bonded together chemically
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conductor
a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat
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dielectric, insulator, nonconductor
a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity
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contaminant, contamination
a substance that contaminates
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particulate, particulate matter
a small discrete mass of solid or liquid matter that remains individually dispersed in gas or liquid emissions (usually considered to be an atmospheric pollutant)
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dust
free microscopic particles of solid material
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elastomer
any of various elastic materials that resemble rubber (resumes its original shape when a deforming force is removed)
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earth, ground
the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface
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discharge, emission
a substance that is emitted or released
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detritus
loose material (stone fragments and silt etc) that is worn away from rocks
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waste, waste material, waste matter, waste product
any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted
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fiber, fibre
a slender and greatly elongated substance capable of being spun into yarn
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fill, filling
any material that fills a space or container
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foam
a lightweight material in cellular form; made by introducing gas bubbles during manufacture
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homogenate
material that has been homogenized (especially tissue that has been ground and mixed)
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humate
material that is high in humic acids
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impregnation
material with which something is impregnated
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paper
a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
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packing, packing material, wadding
any material used especially to protect something
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color, coloring material, colour, colouring material
any material used for its color
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plant material, plant substance
material derived from plants
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radioactive material
material that is radioactive
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thickener, thickening
any material used to thicken
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toner
a black or colored powder used in a printer to develop a xerographic image
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translucent substance, transparent substance
a material having the property of admitting light diffusely; a partly transparent material
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undercut
the material removed by a cut made underneath
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builder, detergent builder
a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action
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vernix, vernix caseosa
a white cheeselike protective material that covers the skin of a fetus
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wad
a small mass of soft material
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feather, plumage, plume
the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds
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beard, byssus
tuft of strong filaments by which e.g. a mussel makes itself fast to a fixed surface
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bristle
a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic
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bushing
an insulating liner in an opening through which conductors pass
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card
one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for playing games or for telling fortunes
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confetti
small pieces or streamers of colored paper that are thrown around on festive occasions (as at a wedding)
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explosive
a chemical substance that undergoes a rapid chemical change (with the production of gas) on being heated or struck
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glass fiber, glass fibre, optical fiber, optical fibre
a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images
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paint, pigment
a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating
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nerve fiber, nerve fibre
a threadlike extension of a nerve cell
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spindle
(biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle
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piece of paper, sheet, sheet of paper
paper used for writing or printing
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bacon rind
the rind of bacon
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peel, skin
the rind of a fruit or vegetable
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cheese rind
the rind of a cheese
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grain
a relatively small granular particle of a substance
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grinding
material resulting from the process of grinding
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interplanetary dust
microscopic particles in the interplanetary medium
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moraine
accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier
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loofa, loofah, loufah sponge, luffa
the dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa; used as a washing sponge or strainer
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Cebu maguey, cantala, manila maguey
hard fiber used in making coarse twine; from Philippine agave plants
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bassine
coarse leaf fiber from palmyra palms used in making brushes and brooms
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coir
stiff coarse fiber from the outer husk of a coconut
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raffia
fiber of a raffia palm used as light cordage and in making hats and baskets
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dross, impurity
worthless or dangerous material that should be removed
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Styrofoam
a light resilient foam of polystyrene
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feedstock
the raw material that is required for some industrial process
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absorbent, absorbent material
a material having capacity or tendency to absorb another substance
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absorbate
a material that has been or is capable of being absorbed
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adsorbent, adsorbent material
a material having capacity or tendency to adsorb another substance
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adsorbate
a material that has been or is capable of being adsorbed
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Cu, atomic number 29, copper
a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor
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Ag, atomic number 47, silver
a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography
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ader wax, earth wax, mineral wax, ozocerite, ozokerite
a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles
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amblygonite
a white or grey mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium
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amphibole
a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group
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amphibole group
a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum
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apatite
a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus
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aragonite
a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
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argentite
a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
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argyrodite
a rare steel-grey mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
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arsenopyrite, mispickel
a silver-white or grey ore of arsenic
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asphalt, mineral pitch
a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
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augite
dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
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baddeleyite
a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
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bastnaesite, bastnasite
a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
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bauxite
a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
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beryl
the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
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borax
an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
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bornite, peacock ore
a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
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carnallite
a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
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cassiterite
a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
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celestite
a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
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cerussite, white lead ore
a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
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chalcocite, copper glance
a heavy grey mineral that is an ore of copper
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chalcopyrite, copper pyrites
a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper and iron sulfide
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chlorite
a generally green or black mineral; it occurs as a constituent of many rocks typically in the form of a flat crystal
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chromite
a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
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chrysoberyl
a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
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cinnabar
a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
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cobaltite
a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
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halite, rock salt
naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
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coltan, columbite-tantalite
a valuable black mineral combining niobite and tantalite; used in cell phones and computer chips
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cordierite
a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
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corundom, corundum
very hard mineral used as an abrasive
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cristobalite
a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
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crocolite
a rare lead chromite mineral that forms bright orange crystals
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Greenland spar, cryolite
a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
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cuprite
a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
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cutin
(biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids
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bitter spar, dolomite
a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
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earth color
a colored mineral used as a pigment
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emery
a hard grey-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
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cobalt bloom, erythrite
a reddish mineral consisting of hydrated cobalt arsenate in monoclinic crystalline form and used in coloring glass; usually found in veins bearing cobalt and arsenic
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fergusonite
a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
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fluor, fluorite, fluorspar
a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
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gadolinite, ytterbite
a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
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galena
soft blue-grey mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
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garnet
any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
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garnierite
a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
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germanite
a rare reddish-grey mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
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gibbsite
white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
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glauconite
a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
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cadmium sulphide, greenockite
ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
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gypsum
a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
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hausmannite
a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
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barite, barium sulphate, barytes, heavy spar
a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
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calamine, hemimorphite
a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
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ilmenite
a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
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jadeite
a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
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kainite
a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
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kaolinite
a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
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kernite
a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
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kieserite
a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
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cyanite, kyanite
a grey or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
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langbeinite
a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
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magnesite
a white mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
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malachite
a green or blue mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
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maltha, mineral tar
a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
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manganite
a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
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meerschaum, sepiolite
a white clayey mineral
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isinglass, mica
any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
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millerite
a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
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molybdenite
a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
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monazite
a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
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nepheline, nephelite
a whitish mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate or potassium aluminum silicate in crystalline form; used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels
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nephelinite
an igneous rock consisting of nepheline and pyroxene
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columbite, niobite
a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
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nitrocalcite
the mineral form of calcium nitrate
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olivine
a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium
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olivenite
rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits
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opal
a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones
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ore
a mineral that contains metal that is valuable enough to be mined
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orpiment
a yellow mineral occurring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic
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iridosmine, osmiridium
a hard and corrosion resistant mineral that is a natural alloy of osmium and iridium (usually containing small amounts of rhodium and platinum); used in needles and pen nibs etc.
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peat
partially carbonized vegetable matter saturated with water; can be used as a fuel when dried
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pentlandite
a mineral (iron and nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel
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magnesia, magnesium oxide, periclase
a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium
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pinite
grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates
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pollucite
a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium
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psilomelane
a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese
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fool's gold, iron pyrite, pyrite
a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color
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pyrolusite
a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese
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green lead ore, pyromorphite
a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead
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pyrophyllite
a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)
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pyroxene
any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks
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magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotine, pyrrhotite
a brownish iron sulfide mineral (FeS) having weak magnetic properties
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quartz
a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities
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quartzite
hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals
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reactant
a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
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realgar
a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic
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red clay
clay whose redness results from iron oxide
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rhodochrosite
a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese
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rhodonite
a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone
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road metal
broken rock used for repairing or making roads
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sedimentary rock
rock formed from consolidated clay sediments
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sial
the granitelike rocks that form the outermost layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and aluminum
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sima
rock that form the continuous lower layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and magnesium
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metamorphic rock
rock altered by pressure and heat
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crushed rock, gravel
rock fragments and pebbles
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caliche
nitrate-bearing rock or gravel of the sodium nitrate deposits of Chile and Peru
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shingling
(geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction
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pumice, pumice stone
a porous rock formed on the surface of some lavas
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animal product
a product made from animal material
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birdlime, lime
a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds
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spirit gum
an adhesive solution made of gum and ether and used to attach false hair to skin
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binder
something used to bind separate particles together or facilitate adhesion to a surface
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cement
something that hardens to act as adhesive material
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library paste, paste
an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard
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rubber cement
an adhesive made by dissolving unvulcanized rubber in a solvent like benzene or naphtha
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sealant, sealer
a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)
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filler
used for filling cracks or holes in a surface
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lute, luting
a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid
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Alar, daminozide
a chemical sprayed on fruit trees to regulate their growth so the entire crop can be harvested at one time
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aphanite
fine-grained homogeneous rock (such as basalt) containing minerals undetectable by the naked eye
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carrier
an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction
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animal oil
any oil obtained from animal substances
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dentin, dentine
a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth
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bone, osseous tissue
the porous calcified substance from which bones are made
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horn
the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails
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shell
the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals
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art paper
a high-quality paper (usually having a filler of china clay)
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mineral wool, rock wool
a light fibrous material used as an insulator
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bacteriacide, bactericide
any chemical agent that destroys bacteria
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blotter, blotting paper
absorbent paper used to dry ink
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blueprint paper
sensitized paper used to make blueprints
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animal fat
any fat obtained from animals
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carbon, carbon paper
a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper
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carbon tetrahalide
compounds composed of 1 carbon and 4 halogen molecules
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carborundum
an abrasive composed of silicon carbide crystals
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cardboard, composition board
a stiff moderately thick paper
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cartridge paper
paper for making cartridge cases
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congener
a minor chemical constituent that gives a wine or liquor its distinctive character
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steel wool, wire wool
a mass of woven steel fibers used as an abrasive
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cement
any of various materials used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth
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chad
a small piece of paper that is supposed to be removed when a hole is punched in a card or paper tape
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chaff, husk, shuck, stalk, straw, stubble
material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
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chylomicron
a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood
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claystone
fine-grained rock consisting of compacted clay particles
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brown coal, lignite, wood coal
intermediate between peat and bituminous coal
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chemical compound, compound
(chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight
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computer paper
paper folded to permit continuous printing controlled by a computer
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construction paper
paper suitable for drawing and making cutouts
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semiconducting material, semiconductor
a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities
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glass wool
glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool
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cork
outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.
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crepe, crepe paper
paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations
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exhaust, exhaust fumes, fumes
gases ejected from an engine as waste products
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dolomite
a kind of sedimentary rock resembling marble or limestone but rich in magnesium carbonate
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drawing paper
paper that is specially prepared for use in drafting
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dust
fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air
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diatomaceous earth, diatomite, kieselguhr
a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material
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saprolite
a deposit of clay and disintegrating rock that is found in its original place
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dirt, soil
the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
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soil conditioner
a chemical substance used to improve the structure of the soil and increase its porosity
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emery cloth
cloth covered with powdered emery
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emery paper, sandpaper
stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand
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emery rock, emery stone
a mixture of emery dust and a binder; can be molded into grindstones
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exudate, exudation
a substance that oozes out from plant pores
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transudate, transudation
a substance that transudes
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effluvium
a foul-smelling outflow or vapor (especially a gaseous waste)
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rheum
a watery discharge from the mucous membranes (especially from the eyes or nose)
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vaginal discharge
discharge of secretions from the cervical glands of the vagina; normally clear or white
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body waste, excrement, excreta, excretion, excretory product
waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body
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crud, filth, skank
any substance considered disgustingly foul or unpleasant
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sewage, sewerage
waste matter carried away in sewers or drains
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effluent, sewer water, wastewater
water mixed with waste matter
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food waste, garbage, refuse, scraps
food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)
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pollutant
waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil
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garbage, refuse, rubbish, scrap, trash
worthless material that is to be disposed of
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slop
(usually plural) waste water from a kitchen or bathroom or chamber pot that has to be emptied by hand
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toxic industrial waste, toxic waste
poisonous waste materials; can cause injury (especially by chemical means)
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fertiliser, fertilizer, plant food
any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile
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flux
a substance added to molten metals to bond with impurities that can then be readily removed
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conglomerate, pudding stone
a composite rock made up of particles of varying size
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string
a tough piece of fiber in vegetables, meat, or other food (especially the tough fibers connecting the two halves of a bean pod)
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fibril, filament, strand
a very slender natural or synthetic fiber
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fieldstone
stone that occurs naturally in fields; often used as building material
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filter paper
a porous unsized paper used for filtering
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flyspeck
a tiny dark speck made by the excrement of a fly
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flypaper
paper that is poisoned or coated with a sticky substance to kill flies
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foam rubber
spongy rubber; made by introducing air bubbles before vulcanization and used for cushioning or upholstery
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fumigant
a chemical substance used in fumigation
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graph paper
paper that has lines to permit drawing graphs
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greaseproof paper
paper that is impermeable to oil or grease; used in cooking
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greisen
a granitic rock composed of quartz and mica
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herbicide, weed killer, weedkiller
a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth
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hyalin, hyaline
a glassy translucent substance that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions
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identification particle
a tiny particle of material that can be added to a product to indicate the source of manufacture
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indicator
(chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction
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intermediate
a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained
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fraction
a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
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larvicide
a chemical used to kill larval pests
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calc-tufa, tufa
a soft porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime
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magma
molten rock in the earth's crust
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igneous rock
rock formed by the solidification of molten magma
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linen, linen paper
a high-quality paper made of linen fibers or with a linen finish
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limestone
a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals
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lint
fine ravellings of cotton or linen fibers
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litmus paper
unsized paper treated with litmus for use as an acid-base indicator
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manifold, manifold paper
a lightweight paper used with carbon paper to make multiple copies
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manila, manila paper, manilla, manilla paper
a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp
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marble
a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material
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matrix
(geology) amass of fine-grained rock in which fossils, crystals, or gems are embedded
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mordant
a substance used to treat leather or other materials before dyeing; aids in dyeing process
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music paper, score paper
paper with lines appropriate for writing music
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man-made fiber, synthetic fiber
fiber created from natural materials or by chemical processes
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natural fiber, natural fibre
fiber derived from plants or animals
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newspaper, newsprint
cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers
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oakum
loose hemp or jute fiber obtained by unravelling old ropes; when impregnated with tar it was used to caulk seams and pack joints in wooden ships
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oilpaper
paper that has been made translucent and waterproof by soaking in oil
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india paper
a thin tough opaque paper used in fine books
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pad, pad of paper, tablet
a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge
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paper tape
a long narrow strip of paper
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paper toweling
absorbent paper used as toweling
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paper-mache, papier-mache
a substance made from paper pulp that can be molded when wet and painted when dry
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papyrus
paper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat; used by ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Romans
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parchment
a superior paper resembling sheepskin
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rice paper
a thin delicate material resembling paper; made from the rice-paper tree
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roofing paper, tar paper
a heavy paper impregnated with tar and used as part of a roof for waterproofing
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ticker tape
a continuous thin ribbon of paper on which stock quotes are written
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excelsior, wood shavings
thin curly wood shavings used for packing or stuffing
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pesticide
a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects)
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phytochemical
a chemical substance obtained from plants that is biologically active but not nutritive
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dye, dyestuff
a usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g. fabrics or hair
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tincture
a substance that colors metals
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hematochrome
a reddish coloring material found in some algae
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pigment
dry coloring material (especially a powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint, etc.)
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pigment
any substance whose presence in plant or animal tissues produces a characteristic color
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plant product
a product made from plant material
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product
a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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radioactive waste
useless radioactive materials that are left after some laboratory or commercial process is completed
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raveling, ravelling
a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric
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restrainer
a chemical that is added to a photographic developer in order to retard development and reduce the amount of fog on a film
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rutile
a mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium
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samarskite
a complex black mineral occurring in pegmatites
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sapphirine
a rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum and magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks
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scheelite
a mineral used as an ore of tungsten
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humic shale
shale that is rich in humic acids
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smaltite
a grey mineral consisting of cobalt arsenide and nickel; an important source of cobalt and nickel
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sodalite
a vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks
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sodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate
a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents
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sodium tripolyphosphate
a sodium salt of triphosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents
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spar
any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable
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spinel
a hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones
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spodumene
a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium
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stabilizer
a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state
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stain
(microscopy) a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
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stannite, tin pyrites
a dark grey mineral with a metallic luster that is a source of tin
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softener
a substance added to another to make it less hard
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stibnite
a soft grey mineral; the chief ore of antimony
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strontianite
a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate
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vegetable tallow
a waxy fat obtained from certain plants (e.g. bayberry) and used as tallow
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graphic tellurium, sylvanite
a silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America
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sylvine, sylvite
a mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds
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talc, talcum
a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder
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tantalite
a mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum
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thorite
a radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite
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thortveitite
a mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate; a source of scandium
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tissue, tissue paper
a soft thin (usually translucent) paper
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topaz
a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone
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tourmaline
a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones
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tracing paper
a semitransparent paper that is used for tracing drawings
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transfer paper
a paper that is coated with a preparation for transferring a design to another surface
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tridymite
a mineral form of silica
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tribasic sodium phosphate, trisodium orthophosphate, trisodium phosphate
the tertiary phosphate of sodium used as a builder in soaps and detergents
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turquoise
a blue to grey green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate
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vanadinite
a mineral consisting of chloride and vanadate of lead; a source of vanadium
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vermiculite
any of a group of yellow or brown hydrous silicate minerals having a micaceous structure
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idocrase, vesuvian, vesuvianite
a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone
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wallpaper
a decorative paper for the walls of rooms
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waste paper
paper discarded after use
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wax paper
paper that has been waterproofed by treatment with wax or paraffin
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wood
the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
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iron manganese tungsten, wolframite
a mineral consisting of iron and manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks
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wollastonite
a white or greyish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium
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wrapping paper
a tough paper used for wrapping
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writing paper
paper material made into thin sheets that are sized to take ink; used for writing correspondence and manuscripts
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wulfenite
a yellow to orange or brown mineral used as a molybdenum ore
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wurtzite
a brownish-black mineral consisting of zinc sulfide
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xenotime
a brown-to-yellow mineral that is a phosphate of yttrium in crystalline form
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zeolite
any of a family of glassy minerals analogous to feldspar containing hydrated aluminum silicates of calcium or sodium or potassium; formed in cavities in lava flows and in plutonic rocks
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blende, sphalerite, zinc blende
an ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form
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zinkenite
a steel grey metallic mineral (a sulphide of lead and antimony)
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zircon, zirconium silicate
a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent