SKIP TO CONTENT

1984, Book 3, Chapter 2

1235 words 2 learners

Learn words with Flashcards and other activities

Full list of words from this list:

  1. doublethink
    believing two contradictory ideas at the same time
    That was doublethink.
  2. ampoule
    a small bottle that contains liquid medicine
    Over to his left Winston saw the man
    in the white coat break an ampoule and draw back the plunger of a syringe.
  3. Oceania
    a large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago)
    At this moment, which power is Oceania at war with?’
  4. resettle
    take up or cause to take up residence in a new place
    He resettled his spectacles thoughtfully,
    and took a pace or two up and down.
  5. ebb away
    flow back or recede
    The grip of his limbs tightened again, but
    the pain had ebbed away and the trembling had stopped, leaving him merely
    weak and cold.
  6. uncured
    not seasoned
    Will you understand, Winston, that no one whom
    we bring to this place ever leaves our hands uncured?
  7. stop dead
    stop moving or become immobilized
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  8. washbasin
    a bathroom sink that is permanently installed and connected to a water supply and drainpipe; where you can wash your hands and face
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  9. dial
    the circular graduated indicator on various measuring instruments
    He was strapped into a chair surrounded by dials, under dazzling lights.
  10. resettled
    settled in a new location
    He resettled his spectacles thoughtfully,
    and took a pace or two up and down.
  11. relearn
    learn something again, as after having forgotten or neglected it
    That is the fact
    that you have got to relearn, Winston.
  12. Eurasia
    the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia
    The war was against
    Eurasia.
  13. camp bed
    a small bed that folds up for storage or transport
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  14. Big Brother
    an authoritarian leader and invader of privacy
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  15. nonexistence
    the state of not existing
    He knew, or he could
    imagine, the arguments which proved his own nonexistence; but they were nonsense,
    they were only a play on words.
  16. hypodermic syringe
    a piston syringe that is fitted with a hypodermic needle for giving injections
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  17. rebelliousness
    intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude
    All her rebelliousness, her deceit, her folly, her
    149
    dirty-mindedness — everything has been burned out of her.
  18. skip over
    bypass
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  19. agonize
    suffer anguish
    He made
    a desperate, agonizing effort to wrench the top half of his body free.
  20. self-contradiction
    contradicting yourself
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  21. urinate
    eliminate urine
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  22. unrepentant
    not feeling or expressing remorse
    Because the Inquisition killed
    its enemies in the open, and killed them while they were still unrepentant: in
    fact, it killed them because they were unrepentant.
  23. centimetre
    a metric unit of length equal to one hundredth of a meter
    It was
    impossible to move so much as a centimetre in any direction.
  24. kilometre
    a metric unit of length equal to 1000 meters
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  25. prevaricate
    be deliberately ambiguous or unclear
    If you tell me any lies, or attempt to prevaricate in any way,
    or even fall below your usual level of intelligence, you will cry out with pain,
    instantly.
  26. questioner
    someone who asks a question
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  27. testicle
    one of the two male reproductive glands that produce spermatozoa and secrete androgens
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  28. chance upon
    find unexpectedly
    It was another copy of the photograph of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford at
    the party function in New York, which he had chanced upon eleven years ago
    and promptly destroyed.
  29. embed
    fix or set securely or deeply
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  30. blurry
    indistinct or hazy in outline
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  31. in its own right
    by reason of one's own ability or ownership etc.
    You believe that reality is something objective,
    external, existing in its own right.
  32. Rutherford
    British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  33. sabotage
    a deliberate act of destruction or disruption
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  34. concretely
    in concrete terms
    Does the past exist concretely, in space?
  35. totalitarian
    of a government with an authority exerting absolute control
    Later, in
    the twentieth century, there were the totalitarians, as they were called.
  36. derange
    throw out of mental balance; make insane
    You are mentally
    deranged.
  37. syringe
    a medical instrument used to inject or withdraw fluids
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  38. finger
    any of the terminal members of the hand
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  39. interrogation
    an instance of questioning
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  40. exist
    have a presence
    ’It exists!’ he cried.
  41. shout out
    utter a sudden loud cry
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  42. Inquisitor
    an official of the ecclesiastical court of the Inquisition
    Naturally all the glory belonged
    146
    to the victim and all the shame to the Inquisitor who burned him.
  43. snivel
    cry or whine with snuffling
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  44. hold up
    be the physical support of; carry the weight of
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  45. die down
    suffer from a disease that kills shoots
    The pain died down again.
  46. whimper
    cry weakly or softly
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  47. unforgivable
    not excusable
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  48. inquisitor
    a questioner who is excessively harsh
    He was the tormentor, he was the protector, he was the inquisitor,
    he was the friend.
  49. uncontrollably
    in an uncontrolled manner
    He felt very cold, he was shaking uncontrollably, his
    teeth were chattering, the tears were rolling down his cheeks.
  50. heretic
    a person whose religious beliefs conflict with church dogma
    For every heretic it burned at the stake,
    thousands of others rose up.
  51. eyelid
    either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  52. identifiable
    capable of being recognized
    ’Not even identifiable ashes.
  53. burn out
    melt, break, or become otherwise unusable
    All her rebelliousness, her deceit, her folly, her
    149
    dirty-mindedness — everything has been burned out of her.
  54. stratosphere
    atmospheric layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere
    We shall turn you into gas and pour you
    into the stratosphere.
  55. devastate
    cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
    At this moment there was a devastating explosion, or what seemed like an
    explosion, though it was not certain whether there was any noise.
  56. curable
    able to be treated and healed
    Fortunately it is curable.
  57. reshape
    shape anew or differently
    We convert him, we
    capture his inner mind, we reshape him.
  58. speculatively
    with speculation; in a speculative manner
    O’Brien was looking down at him speculatively.
  59. grovel
    show submission or fear
    I saw them gradually worn down, whimpering,
    147
    grovelling, weeping — and in the end it was not with pain or fear, only with
    penitence.
  60. truncheon
    a short stout club used primarily by police officers
    Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was
    truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, sometimes it was boots.
  61. clench
    squeeze together tightly
    The air tore into
    his lungs and issued again in deep groans which even by clenching his teeth he
    could not stop.
  62. recuperate
    restore to good health or strength
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  63. lunatic
    an insane person
    Perhaps that lunatic dislocation in the mind
    could really happen: that was the thought that defeated him.
  64. vertebra
    one of the bony segments of the spinal column
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  65. implicate
    bring into intimate and incriminating connection
    It was easier to confess everything and
    implicate everybody.
  66. needle
    a sharp pointed implement
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  67. mental picture
    a clear and telling mental image
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  68. cower
    crouch or curl up
    If it had been possible he would have cowered deeper into the bed.
  69. hypodermic
    a piston syringe that is fitted with a needle for injections
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  70. stick out
    extend out or project in space
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  71. draw back
    pull or move away
    O’Brien drew back the lever on the dial.
  72. pain
    a physical feeling of suffering or discomfort
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  73. disconnect
    separate, sever, or unfasten
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  74. swallow up
    enclose or envelop completely, as if by swallowing
    Suddenly
    he floated out of his seat, dived into the eyes, and was swallowed up.
  75. take pains
    try very hard to do something
    More than ever he had the
    air of a teacher taking pains with a wayward but promising child.
  76. embezzlement
    the fraudulent appropriation of funds or property
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  77. shrivel
    wither, as with a loss of moisture
    His mind shrivelled
    as he thought of the unanswerable, mad arguments with which O’Brien would
    demolish him.
  78. electrically
    by electricity
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  79. Inquisition
    a former tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church (1232-1820) created to discover and suppress heresy
    Because the Inquisition killed
    its enemies in the open, and killed them while they were still unrepentant: in
    fact, it killed them because they were unrepentant.
  80. confess
    admit to a wrongdoing
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  81. self-destruction
    the act of destroying yourself
    It needs an act of self-destruction, an
    effort of the will.
  82. Brother
    a title given to a monk and used as form of address
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  83. flatten
    make flat or flatter
    A terrific
    painless blow had flattened him out.
  84. after hours
    not during regular hours
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  85. cringe
    draw back, as with fear, pain, or embarrassment
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  86. lever
    a simple machine giving a mechanical advantage on a fulcrum
    Under his hand there was
    a dial with a lever on top and figures running round the face.
  87. plunger
    mechanical device that has a plunging or thrusting motion
    Over to his left Winston saw the man
    in the white coat break an ampoule and draw back the plunger of a syringe.
  88. in some manner
    in some unspecified way or manner
    Even the back of his head
    was gripped in some manner.
  89. hold down
    restrain
    His body was held down at every essential point.
  90. materialize
    come into being; become reality
    There was a period
    of blackness and then the cell, or room, in which he now was had gradually
    materialized round him.
  91. helplessness
    the state of needing help from something
    He had a feeling of deadly
    helplessness.
  92. interrogate
    pose a series of questions to
    ’You are thinking,’ he said, ’that since we intend to destroy you utterly, so
    that nothing that you say or do can make the smallest difference — in that case,
    why do we go to the trouble of interrogating you first?
  93. rotund
    spherical in shape
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  94. write in
    cast a vote by inserting a name that does not appear on the ballot
    ’Do you remember,’ he went on, ’ writing in your diary, ”Freedom is the
    freedom to say that two plus two make four”?’
  95. learner
    someone who learns or takes up knowledge or beliefs
    ’You are a slow learner, Winston,’ said O’Brien gently.
  96. pour forth
    flow or cause to flow out
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  97. grovelling
    totally submissive
    I saw them gradually worn down, whimpering,
    147
    grovelling, weeping — and in the end it was not with pain or fear, only with
    penitence.
  98. wakefulness
    a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  99. painless
    not causing physical or psychological pain
    A terrific
    painless blow had flattened him out.
  100. pervert
    corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality
    He confessed that he was a religious believer, an admirer of capitalism,
    and a sexual pervert.
  101. immobile
    not capable of movement or of being moved
    O’Brien motioned with his head to the man in the white coat,
    who had stood immobile throughout the proceedings.
  102. confession
    an admission of misdeeds or faults
    The confession was a formality, though the
    torture was real.
  103. intermittently
    in a manner of stopping and starting at irregular intervals
    Winston could not intermittently
    remember why the pain was happening.
  104. remember
    recall knowledge; have a recollection
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  105. lock up
    secure by locking
    Even the victim of the Russian purges
    could carry rebellion locked up in his skull as he walked down the passage
    waiting for the bullet.
  106. wrench
    a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  107. live out
    live out one's life; live to the end
    And even
    if we chose to let you live out the natural term of your life, still you would never
    escape from us.
  108. humiliate
    cause to feel shame
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  109. clamp
    a device that holds things firmly together
    Two soft pads, which felt slightly moist, clamped themselves against Winston’s
    temples.
  110. exult
    feel extreme happiness or elation
    In the old days the heretic walked to the stake still a heretic,
    proclaiming his heresy, exulting in it.
  111. dislocation
    a disruption or lack of continuity
    Perhaps that lunatic dislocation in the mind
    could really happen: that was the thought that defeated him.
  112. writhe
    move in a twisting or contorted motion
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  113. delude
    be dishonest with
    When you delude yourself into thinking that you see something,
    you assume that everyone else sees the same thing as you.
  114. backbone
    the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord
    Although the pain had brought
    the sweat out on his forehead, the worst of all was the fear that his backbone
    was about to snap.
  115. torture
    infliction of suffering to punish or obtain information
    The confession was a formality, though the
    torture was real.
  116. emptiness
    the state of containing nothing
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  117. blubber
    an insulating layer of fat under the skin of some animals
    ’How can I help it?’ he blubbered.
  118. persecutor
    someone who torments
    Did I not tell you just now that we are different
    from the persecutors of the past?
  119. tormentor
    someone who causes others to suffer
    He was the tormentor, he was the protector, he was the inquisitor,
    he was the friend.
  120. sane
    mentally healthy; free from mental disorder
    You must humble yourself before you can become sane.’
  121. unsolved
    not solved
    If we choose to set you free when we
    have finished with you, and if you live to be ninety years old, still you will never
    learn whether the answer to that question is Yes or No. As long as you live it
    will be an unsolved riddle in your mind.’
  122. demolish
    destroy completely
    His mind shrivelled
    as he thought of the unanswerable, mad arguments with which O’Brien would
    demolish him.
  123. the boot
    an instrument of torture that is used to heat or crush the foot and leg
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  124. heresy
    a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion
    It set out to eradicate
    heresy, and ended by perpetuating it.
  125. sink in
    pass through
    He paused for a few moments, as though to allow what he had been saying
    to sink in.
  126. happen
    come to pass
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  127. wantonness
    the trait of lacking restraint or control
    He
    felt certain that O’Brien was about to twist the dial out of sheer wantonness.
  128. hideously
    in a hideous manner
    His face looked enormous because of its
    nearness, and hideously ugly because it was seen from below.
  129. spectacles
    eyeglasses
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  130. nagging
    continually complaining or faultfinding
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  131. stand out
    be highly noticeable
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  132. photograph
    a picture taken with a camera or phone that shows people or scenes
    There was a
    certain photograph about which you had a hallucination.
  133. draw in
    pull inward or towards a center
    Winston drew in his breath.
  134. unreservedly
    without reservation
    Immediately-unreservedly.
  135. cringing
    totally submissive
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  136. lunacy
    foolish or senseless behavior
    O’Brien had tortured him to the edge of lunacy, and in a little
    while, it was certain, he would send him to his death.
  137. exaltation
    the elevation of a person, as to the status of a god
    Moreover it
    was filled with a sort of exaltation, a lunatic intensity.
  138. reassuringly
    in a reassuring manner
    O’Brien
    laid a hand reassuringly, almost kindly, on his.
  139. 101
    being one more than one hundred
    ’Room 101,’ said the officer.
  140. clean out
    deprive completely of money or goods
    You will be lifted
    clean out from the stream of history.
  141. sticking out
    extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  142. eye
    the organ of sight
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  143. start up
    get going or set in motion
    He was starting up from the plank bed in the half-certainty that he had
    heard O’Brien’s voice.
  144. deranged
    driven insane
    You are mentally
    deranged.
  145. drugged
    under the influence of narcotics
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  146. businesslike
    exhibiting methodical and systematic characteristics that would be useful in business
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  147. vibrate
    sound with resonance
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  148. coat
    an outer garment that covers the body from shoulder down
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  149. textbook
    a book prepared for use in schools or colleges
    It was a perfect
    conversion, a textbook case.’
  150. unsympathetic
    lacking in sympathy and kindness
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  151. overt
    open and observable; not secret or hidden
    The Party is not interested in
    the overt act: the thought is all we care about.
  152. slip of paper
    a small sheet of paper
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  153. hold back
    refrain from doing
    He was confessing everything, even the things he had succeeded in
    holding back under the torture.
  154. extort
    obtain by coercion or intimidation
    In the
    first place, because the confessions that they had made were obviously extorted
    and untrue.
  155. trickery
    the use of cunning actions to deceive someone
    How could one be
    sure that it was simple trickery?
  156. groin
    the crease at the junction of the inner part of the thigh with the trunk together with the adjacent region and often including the external genitals
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  157. start out
    take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  158. seditious
    inciting action or rebellion
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  159. cling to
    hold firmly, usually with one's hands
    Even now, I am well aware, you are clinging to your
    disease under the impression that it is a virtue.
  160. write down
    put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.
    It is written down.’
  161. unanswerable
    impossible to answer
    His mind shrivelled
    as he thought of the unanswerable, mad arguments with which O’Brien would
    demolish him.
  162. underwater
    beneath the surface of the water
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  163. hallucination
    illusory perception
    There was a
    certain photograph about which you had a hallucination.
  164. shrivelled
    (used especially of vegetation) having lost all moisture
    His mind shrivelled
    as he thought of the unanswerable, mad arguments with which O’Brien would
    demolish him.
  165. boot
    footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg
    Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was
    truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, sometimes it was boots.
  166. one-time
    belonging to some prior time
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  167. recapture
    the act of taking something back
    It had faded but before O’Brien had dropped his hand; but though
    he could not recapture it, he could remember it, as one remembers a vivid
    experience at some period of one’s life when one was in effect a different person.
  168. eradicate
    destroy completely, as if down to the roots
    It set out to eradicate
    heresy, and ended by perpetuating it.
  169. stretch out
    extend or stretch out to a greater or the full length
    If he could
    have moved he would have stretched out a hand and laid it on O’Brien arm.
  170. happening
    an event that happens
    It was a frightening pain, because he could not see what
    was happening, and he had the feeling that some mortal injury was being done
    to him.
  171. nag
    bother persistently with trivial complaints
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  172. dazzle
    cause to lose clear vision, especially from intense light
    He was strapped into a chair surrounded by dials, under dazzling lights.
  173. wipe out
    use up (resources or materials)
    You are a
    stain that must be wiped out.
  174. annihilate
    kill in large numbers
    You will be annihilated in the past as well as in the
    future.
  175. shin
    the front part of the human leg between the knee and the ankle
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  176. flit
    move along rapidly and lightly; skim or dart
    His eyes flitted
    towards the dial.
  177. persecute
    cause to suffer
    The Russians persecuted
    heresy more cruelly than the Inquisition had done.
  178. destroy
    do away with; cause the ruin or undoing of
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  179. disconnected
    having been broken up or divided into parts or pieces
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  180. control
    power to direct or determine
    ’There is a Party slogan dealing with the control of the past,’ he said.
  181. recede
    pull back or move away or backward
    The wave
    of pain receded almost as quickly as it had come.
  182. self-evident
    evident without proof or argument
    You also believe that the nature of reality
    is self-evident.
  183. fifty-five
    being five more than fifty
    The needle of the dial had shot up to
    fifty-five.
  184. own right
    by title vested in yourself or by virtue of qualifications that you have achieved
    You believe that reality is something objective,
    external, existing in its own right.
  185. deviation
    a variation from the standard or norm
    Even in the instant of death we cannot permit
    any deviation.
  186. cry out
    utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy
    If you tell me any lies, or attempt to prevaricate in any way,
    or even fall below your usual level of intelligence, you will cry out with pain,
    instantly.
  187. invent
    come up with after a mental effort
    You
    invented it, and later you grew to believe in it.
  188. drip
    flowing in drops
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  189. gasp
    a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  190. unanswered
    not returned in kind
    O’Brien left this unanswered.
  191. kick
    drive or propel with the foot
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  192. tripping
    moving easily and quickly; nimble
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  193. oppress
    come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority
    What most oppressed him was
    the consciousness of his own intellectual inferiority.
  194. conversational
    characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation
    When he spoke it was in an easy, conversational tone.
  195. ticking
    a metallic tapping sound
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  196. Ashe
    United States tennis player who was the first Black to win United States and English singles championships (1943-1993)
    Ashes,’ he said.
  197. agonizing
    extremely painful
    He made
    a desperate, agonizing effort to wrench the top half of his body free.
  198. reflex
    an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  199. exulting
    joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success
    In the old days the heretic walked to the stake still a heretic,
    proclaiming his heresy, exulting in it.
  200. bullying
    the act of intimidating a weaker person to do something
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  201. surround
    extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  202. blackness
    total absence of light
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  203. obediently
    in an obedient manner
    ”Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls
    the past,” repeated Winston obediently.
  204. rib
    any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  205. reappear
    appear again
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  206. ninety
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and nine
    Perhaps the needle was eighty — ninety.
  207. spasm
    a painful and involuntary muscular contraction
    All that mattered was somehow to stay alive until the
    spasm was over.
  208. drily
    in a dry laconic manner
    He answered drily:
    ’You know what is in Room 101, Winston.
  209. bring to
    return to consciousness
    Will you understand, Winston, that no one whom
    we bring to this place ever leaves our hands uncured?
  210. nearness
    the spatial property resulting from a relatively small distance
    His face looked enormous because of its
    nearness, and hideously ugly because it was seen from below.
  211. twentieth century
    the century from 1901 to 2000
    Later, in
    the twentieth century, there were the totalitarians, as they were called.
  212. deformity
    an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen
    He saw five fingers, and there was no deformity.
  213. tick
    a metallic tapping sound
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  214. clang
    a loud resonant repeating noise
    The door clanged open.
  215. plank
    a wooden board used for building or making a structure
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  216. tighten
    make tight or tighter
    The grip of his limbs tightened again, but
    the pain had ebbed away and the trembling had stopped, leaving him merely
    weak and cold.
  217. vindicate
    show to be right by providing justification or proof
    You must stop imagining that posterity will
    vindicate you, Winston.
  218. espionage
    the systematic use of spies to obtain secrets
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  219. perpetuate
    cause to continue or prevail
    It set out to eradicate
    heresy, and ended by perpetuating it.
  220. assail
    attack someone physically or emotionally
    Once again the sense of helplessness assailed him.
  221. barber
    a hairdresser who cuts hair and shaves beards as a trade
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  222. slogan
    a favorite saying of a sect or political group
    ’There is a Party slogan dealing with the control of the past,’ he said.
  223. in a flash
    without any delay
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  224. animate
    make lively
    His voice had changed extraordinarily, and his face
    had suddenly become both stern and animated.
  225. purge
    rid of impurities
    Even the victim of the Russian purges
    could carry rebellion locked up in his skull as he walked down the passage
    waiting for the bullet.
  226. punish
    impose a penalty on
    He had the air of a doctor, a teacher, even a priest, anxious to
    explain and persuade rather than to punish.
  227. despicable
    morally reprehensible
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  228. cling
    hold on tightly or tenaciously
    Even now, I am well aware, you are clinging to your
    disease under the impression that it is a virtue.
  229. fist
    a hand with the fingers clenched in the palm
    Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was
    truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, sometimes it was boots.
  230. memory
    the cognitive process whereby past experience is remembered
    Besides, his memories were not continuous.
  231. four
    the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one
    That had lasted for four years.
  232. never again
    at no time hereafter
    Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling.
  233. luminous
    softly bright or radiant
    The eyes grew larger and more luminous.
  234. embedded
    enclosed firmly in a surrounding mass
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  235. martyr
    one who voluntarily suffers death
    And they imagined that
    they had learned from the mistakes of the past; they knew, at any rate, that
    one must not make martyrs.
  236. wring
    a twisting squeeze
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  237. ironical
    marked by incongruity between what is expected and what is
    Even his spectacles seemed to wear an ironical
    gleam.
  238. have
    possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  239. stand up
    rise to one's feet
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  240. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  241. pumped
    tense with excitement and enthusiasm as from a rush of adrenaline
    It was he
    who decided when Winston should scream with pain, when he should have a
    respite, when he should be fed, when he should sleep, when the drugs should
    be pumped into his arm.
  242. sorrowfully
    in a sorrowful manner
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  243. penitence
    remorse for your past conduct
    I saw them gradually worn down, whimpering,
    147
    grovelling, weeping — and in the end it was not with pain or fear, only with
    penitence.
  244. loosen
    make less tight
    The bonds that had held his
    body down were loosened.
  245. elbow
    hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped
    With that first blow on the elbow the nightmare had started.
  246. spinal
    of or relating to the spine or spinal cord
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  247. say
    utter aloud
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  248. unmistakably
    without possibility of mistake
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  249. stern
    serious and harsh in manner or behavior
    O’Brien’s manner grew stern again.
  250. sanity
    normal or sound powers of mind
    You would not make the act of submission which is the price of
    sanity.
  251. weep
    shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  252. protector
    a person who cares for persons or property
    He was the tormentor, he was the protector, he was the inquisitor,
    he was the friend.
  253. tortured
    experiencing intense pain especially mental pain
    O’Brien had tortured him to the edge of lunacy, and in a little
    while, it was certain, he would send him to his death.
  254. five
    the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one
    Always there were five or six men in
    black uniforms at him simultaneously.
  255. stop
    have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  256. blissful
    completely happy and contented
    Almost in the same instant a blissful, healing
    warmth spread all through his body.
  257. frightening
    causing fear or dread or terror
    It was a frightening pain, because he could not see what
    was happening, and he had the feeling that some mortal injury was being done
    to him.
  258. tap
    strike lightly
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  259. wiped out
    destroyed completely
    You are a
    stain that must be wiped out.
  260. quail
    a small game bird
    He quailed.
  261. flaw
    an imperfection in an object or machine
    ’You are a flaw in the pattern, Winston.
  262. piece of paper
    paper used for writing or printing
    No such piece of paper ever existed.
  263. pouch
    a small or medium size container for holding or carrying things
    His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches
    under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.
  264. posterity
    all future generations
    You must stop imagining that posterity will
    vindicate you, Winston.
  265. inferiority
    the state of being lesser
    What most oppressed him was
    the consciousness of his own intellectual inferiority.
  266. identity
    the characteristics by which a thing or person is known
    It was a
    photograph, and there was no question of its identity.
  267. free will
    power of making choices unconstrained by external agencies
    When finally you surrender to us,
    it must be of your own free will.
  268. embodiment
    a concrete representation of an otherwise cloudy concept
    Big Brother is the embodiment of
    the Party.’
  269. turn over
    cause to overturn from an upright or normal position
    At sight of the heavy,
    lined face, so ugly and so intelligent, his heart seemed to turn over.
  270. wayward
    resistant to guidance or discipline
    More than ever he had the
    air of a teacher taking pains with a wayward but promising child.
  271. annihilated
    destroyed completely
    You will be annihilated in the past as well as in the
    future.
  272. consciousness
    an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  273. shameless
    feeling no shame
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  274. not guilty
    declared not guilty of a specific offense or crime
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  275. stupor
    a state of being half-awake
    He remembered them
    dimly, because they were spent chiefly in sleep or stupor.
  276. reality
    the state of being actual
    Only the disciplined
    mind can see reality, Winston.
  277. lie
    be prostrate; be in a horizontal position
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  278. hypocrite
    a person who professes beliefs that he or she does not hold
    He is not pretending, thought Winston, he is not
    a hypocrite, he believes every word he says.
  279. turn away
    turn away or aside
    At this moment, however, O’Brien turned away.
  280. surly
    unfriendly and inclined toward anger or irritation
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  281. burn
    destroy by fire
    For every heretic it burned at the stake,
    thousands of others rose up.
  282. pulse
    the steady movement of the body's blood-pumping organ
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  283. moving in
    the act of occupying or taking possession of a building
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  284. twist
    cause an object to assume a curved or distorted shape
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  285. unbearable
    incapable of being put up with
    I must hold out till the pain becomes unbearable.
  286. formality
    a requirement of etiquette or custom
    The confession was a formality, though the
    torture was real.
  287. writhing
    moving in a twisting or snake-like or wormlike fashion
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  288. persuade
    cause somebody to adopt a certain position or belief
    He had the air of a doctor, a teacher, even a priest, anxious to
    explain and persuade rather than to punish.
  289. shouting
    uttering a loud inarticulate cry as of pain or excitement
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  290. snap
    separate or cause to separate abruptly
    Although the pain had brought
    the sweat out on his forehead, the worst of all was the fear that his backbone
    was about to snap.
  291. strap
    an elongated leather strip (or a strip of similar material) for binding things together or holding something in position
    He was strapped into a chair surrounded by dials, under dazzling lights.
  292. oblong
    deviating from a shape by being elongated in one direction
    An oblong slip of newspaper had appeared between O’Brien’s fingers.
  293. party
    an occasion on which people gather to socialize and have fun
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  294. capitalism
    an economic system based on private ownership of assets
    He confessed that he was a religious believer, an admirer of capitalism,
    and a sexual pervert.
  295. undo
    cancel, annul, or reverse an action or its effect
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  296. eased
    (of pain or sorrow) made easier to bear
    This time the pain was only slightly eased.
  297. simultaneously
    at the same instant
    Always there were five or six men in
    black uniforms at him simultaneously.
  298. forget
    dismiss from the mind; stop remembering
    For the moment
    he had even forgotten the dial.
  299. ruffian
    a cruel and brutal fellow
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  300. questioning
    a request for information
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  301. diary
    a daily written record of experiences and observations
    ’Do you remember,’ he went on, ’ writing in your diary, ”Freedom is the
    freedom to say that two plus two make four”?’
  302. sink
    fall or descend to a lower place or level
    Winston’s heart sank.
  303. grating
    unpleasantly harsh in sound
    O’Brien lifted the grating.
  304. sweat
    salty fluid secreted by glands in the skin
    Although the pain had brought
    the sweat out on his forehead, the worst of all was the fear that his backbone
    was about to snap.
  305. nod
    lower and raise the head, as to indicate assent or agreement or confirmation
    ”Who controls the present controls the past,” said O’Brien, nodding his
    head with slow approval.
  306. vanishing
    a sudden or mysterious disappearance
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  307. genuinely
    in accordance with truth or fact or reality
    We burn all evil and all illusion out
    of him; we bring him over to our side, not in appearance, but genuinely, heart
    and soul.
  308. forty-eight
    being eight more than forty
    He was older than Winston
    had thought him; he was perhaps forty-eight or fifty.
  309. watch over
    follow with the eyes or the mind
    For
    seven years I have watched over you.
  310. weave
    pattern or structure of a fabric
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  311. respite
    a pause from doing something
    It was he
    who decided when Winston should scream with pain, when he should have a
    respite, when he should be fed, when he should sleep, when the drugs should
    be pumped into his arm.
  312. disciplined
    exhibiting self-control and obeying the rules
    Only the disciplined
    mind can see reality, Winston.
  313. pad
    a flat mass of soft material used for protection, stuffing, or comfort
    Two soft pads, which felt slightly moist, clamped themselves against Winston’s
    temples.
  314. rise up
    come to the surface
    And above all we do not allow
    the dead to rise up against us.
  315. scream
    utter a sudden loud cry
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  316. ebb
    the outward flow of the tide
    The grip of his limbs tightened again, but
    the pain had ebbed away and the trembling had stopped, leaving him merely
    weak and cold.
  317. treachery
    an act of deliberate betrayal
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  318. can
    airtight sealed metal container for food or drink, etc.
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  319. utter
    without qualification
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  320. submission
    the act of surrendering power to another
    You would not make the act of submission which is the price of
    sanity.
  321. left hand
    the hand that is on the left side of the body
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  322. past
    earlier than the present time; no longer current
    ’There is a Party slogan dealing with the control of the past,’ he said.
  323. beat
    hit repeatedly
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  324. chin
    the protruding part of the lower jaw
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  325. hold
    have in one's hands or grip
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  326. waxed
    treated with wax
    The waxed-faced officer marched in, followed
    by two guards.
  327. untrue
    not according with the facts
    In the
    first place, because the confessions that they had made were obviously extorted
    and untrue.
  328. thumb
    the thick short innermost digit of the forelimb
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  329. corridor
    an enclosed passageway
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  330. flattened
    having been flattened
    A terrific
    painless blow had flattened him out.
  331. devastating
    wreaking or capable of wreaking complete destruction
    At this moment there was a devastating explosion, or what seemed like an
    explosion, though it was not certain whether there was any noise.
  332. shout
    utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  333. in the end
    as the end result of a succession or process
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  334. exclaim
    utter aloud, often with surprise, horror, or joy
    ’No!’ exclaimed O’Brien.
  335. fill up
    become full
    But there had been a moment — he did not know how
    long, thirty seconds, perhaps—of luminous certainty, when each new suggestion
    of O’Brien’s had filled up a patch of emptiness and become absolute truth, and
    when two and two could have been three as easily as five, if that were what was
    needed.
  336. momentarily
    for an instant
    ’But how can you stop people remembering things?’ cried Winston again
    momentarily forgetting the dial.
  337. merciless
    lacking pity, compassion, or forgiveness
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  338. choose
    pick out from a number of alternatives
    Will you please remember, throughout our conversation,
    that I have it in my power to inflict pain on you at any moment and to whatever
    degree I choose?
  339. lessened
    impaired by diminution
    The
    pain lessened again.
  340. skip
    jump lightly
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  341. narrowed
    made narrow; limited in breadth
    His large ugly face came nearer, with the eyes a little narrowed.
  342. slap
    a blow from a flat object (as an open hand)
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  343. blinding
    shining intensely
    There was
    undoubtedly a blinding flash of light.
  344. relay
    passing something along from one person or group to another
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  345. move in
    occupy a place
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  346. lung
    either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood
    The air tore into
    his lungs and issued again in deep groans which even by clenching his teeth he
    could not stop.
  347. spine
    the series of vertebrae forming the backbone
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  348. lessen
    decrease in size, extent, or range
    The
    pain lessened again.
  349. patch
    a small contrasting part of something
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  350. abject
    of the most contemptible kind
    We are not content with negative obedience,
    nor even with the most abject submission.
  351. grate
    reduce to shreds by rubbing against a perforated surface
    O’Brien lifted the grating.
  352. forgotten
    not noticed inadvertently
    For the moment
    he had even forgotten the dial.
  353. take out
    cause to leave
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  354. seventy-five
    being five more than seventy
    The needle must be at seventy,
    seventy-five.
  355. admirer
    someone who esteems or respects or approves
    He confessed that he was a religious believer, an admirer of capitalism,
    and a sexual pervert.
  356. sit up
    change to an upright sitting position
    Abruptly he was sitting up with O’Brien’s arm round his shoulders.
  357. remembering
    the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered
    And if so, then already he would have forgotten his
    denial of remembering it, and forgotten the act of forgetting.
  358. seventy
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and seven
    The needle must be at seventy,
    seventy-five.
  359. accusing
    containing or expressing accusation
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  360. run up
    pile up (debts or scores)
    ’You can see that the numbers on this dial
    run up to a hundred.
  361. again
    anew
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  362. tapping
    the sound of light blow or knock
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  363. unsatisfactory
    not meeting expectations or needs; disappointing
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  364. bewilderment
    confusion resulting from failure to understand
    Then everything
    was normal again, and the old fear, the hatred, and the bewilderment came
    crowding back again.
  365. arrest
    take into custody
    Since the moment when they arrested him he had not
    seen darkness or daylight.
  366. extraordinarily
    in a highly unusual, impressive, or extreme manner
    His voice had changed extraordinarily, and his face
    had suddenly become both stern and animated.
  367. session
    a meeting for execution of a group's functions
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  368. explosion
    the act of bursting
    At this moment there was a devastating explosion, or what seemed like an
    explosion, though it was not certain whether there was any noise.
  369. vehemently
    in a forceful manner
    Then he continued less vehemently:
    ’The first thing for you to understand is that in this place there are no
    martyrdoms.
  370. disappearing
    the act of leaving secretly or without explanation
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  371. deceit
    the quality of being fraudulent
    All her rebelliousness, her deceit, her folly, her
    149
    dirty-mindedness — everything has been burned out of her.
  372. erroneous
    containing or characterized by mistakes
    It is intolerable
    to us that an erroneous thought should exist anywhere in the world, however
    secret and powerless it may be.
  373. once again
    anew
    Once again, why was it?
  374. imagine
    expect, believe, or suppose
    ’And why do you imagine that we bring people to this place?’
  375. grip
    hold fast or firmly
    Even the back of his head
    was gripped in some manner.
  376. documentary
    a film presenting the facts about a person or event
    You believed that you had seen unmistakable
    documentary evidence proving that their confessions were false.
  377. ugly
    displeasing to the sense of sight
    At sight of the heavy,
    lined face, so ugly and so intelligent, his heart seemed to turn over.
  378. eyes
    opinion or judgment
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  379. begin
    set in motion, cause to start
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  380. flash
    emit a brief burst of light
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  381. inflict
    impose something unpleasant
    Will you please remember, throughout our conversation,
    that I have it in my power to inflict pain on you at any moment and to whatever
    degree I choose?
  382. stroll
    a leisurely walk, usually in some public place
    He watched the heavy yet
    graceful form strolling to and fro, in and out of the range of his vision.
  383. martyrdom
    death because of a person's adherence of a faith or cause
    Then he continued less vehemently:
    ’The first thing for you to understand is that in this place there are no
    martyrdoms.
  384. sometimes
    on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always
    Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was
    truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, sometimes it was boots.
  385. riddle
    pierce with many holes
    If we choose to set you free when we
    have finished with you, and if you live to be ninety years old, still you will never
    learn whether the answer to that question is Yes or No. As long as you live it
    will be an unsolved riddle in your mind.’
  386. dive
    a headlong plunge into water
    Suddenly
    he floated out of his seat, dived into the eyes, and was swallowed up.
  387. believer
    a supporter who accepts something as true
    He confessed that he was a religious believer, an admirer of capitalism,
    and a sexual pervert.
  388. guard
    watch over or shield from danger or harm
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  389. weaving
    creating fabric
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  390. forsake
    leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  391. rolling
    propelling something on wheels
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  392. rag
    a small piece of cloth or paper
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  393. beating
    the act of overcoming or outdoing
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  394. jerk
    a sudden abrupt pull
    A needle jerked into Winston’s arm.
  395. hold out
    wait uncompromisingly for something desirable
    I must hold out till the pain becomes unbearable.
  396. despotism
    dominance through threat of punishment and violence
    The command of the old despotisms was ”Thou shalt not”.
  397. fleeting
    lasting for a markedly brief time
    And he did see them, for a fleeting instant, before the scenery of his mind
    changed.
  398. comrade
    a friend who is frequently in the company of another
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  399. controlled
    restrained or managed or kept within certain bounds
    You have not controlled mine!’
  400. nerve
    a bundle of fibers running to organs and tissues of the body
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  401. chattering
    the high-pitched continuing noise made by animals
    He felt very cold, he was shaking uncontrollably, his
    teeth were chattering, the tears were rolling down his cheeks.
  402. crowding
    a situation in which people or things are crowded together
    Then everything
    was normal again, and the old fear, the hatred, and the bewilderment came
    crowding back again.
  403. loosened
    straightened out
    The bonds that had held his
    body down were loosened.
  404. arm
    a human limb
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  405. astray
    away from the right path or direction
    No one who has once gone astray is ever spared.
  406. Nazi
    a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party
    There
    were the German Nazis and the Russian Communists.
  407. beaten
    formed or made thin by hammering
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  408. chatter
    talk socially without exchanging too much information
    He felt very cold, he was shaking uncontrollably, his
    teeth were chattering, the tears were rolling down his cheeks.
  409. interval
    the distance between things
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  410. gratefully
    with appreciation; in a grateful manner
    He opened his eyes and looked up gratefully at O’Brien.
  411. twisting
    marked by repeated turns and bends
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  412. scrape
    cut the surface of; wear away the surface of
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  413. unquestionably
    without question
    But he had seen it, unquestionably he had seen it!
  414. matter of course
    an inevitable ending
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  415. mind
    that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  416. defective
    having a flaw
    You suffer from a defective memory.
  417. dreamy
    showing a lack of attention or care
    His voice had grown almost dreamy.
  418. fill
    make full, also in a metaphorical sense
    The heavy, stern
    face and the four fingers filled his vision.
  419. kill
    cause to die
    You will kill me if you do that again.
  420. know
    be cognizant or aware of a fact or a piece of information
    How long he had been down
    there he did not know.
  421. victim
    an unfortunate person who suffers from adverse circumstances
    Naturally all the glory belonged
    146
    to the victim and all the shame to the Inquisitor who burned him.
  422. pretend
    make believe with the intent to deceive
    He is not pretending, thought Winston, he is not
    a hypocrite, he believes every word he says.
  423. rely on
    put trust in with confidence
    These other questioners saw
    to it that he was in constant slight pain, but it was not chiefly pain that they
    relied on.
  424. feeling
    a physical sensation that you experience
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  425. stand
    be standing; be upright
    O’Brien
    was standing at his side, looking down at him intently.
  426. vanish
    become invisible or unnoticeable
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  427. feebly
    in a faint and feeble manner
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  428. occupy
    live in (a certain place)
    I occupy a particular point in space.
  429. screw
    a simple machine with a threaded cylindrical rod and hole
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  430. twentieth
    position 20 in a countable series of things
    Later, in
    the twentieth century, there were the totalitarians, as they were called.
  431. involuntary
    not subject to the control of the will
    ’It is involuntary.
  432. not
    negation of a word or group of words
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  433. convict
    find or declare guilty
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  434. break
    destroy the integrity of
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  435. tire
    lose interest or become bored with something or somebody
    His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches
    under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.
  436. unmistakable
    clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
    You believed that you had seen unmistakable
    documentary evidence proving that their confessions were false.
  437. flooded
    covered with water
    Without any warning except a slight movement of O’Brien’s hand, a wave of
    141
    pain flooded his body.
  438. squeeze
    press firmly
    We shall squeeze you empty, and then we shall fill you with
    ourselves.’
  439. white
    being of the achromatic color of maximum lightness
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  440. question
    a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  441. fade
    become less clearly visible or distinguishable
    It had faded but before O’Brien had dropped his hand; but though
    he could not recapture it, he could remember it, as one remembers a vivid
    experience at some period of one’s life when one was in effect a different person.
  442. absurdity
    the state or quality of being ridiculous
    Did not the statement, ’You do not exist’,
    contain a logical absurdity?
  443. uttered
    communicated in words
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  444. vivid
    having striking color
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  445. glaring
    shining intensely
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  446. sleep
    a natural and periodic state of rest
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  447. delusion
    a mistaken or unfounded opinion or idea
    ’Some years ago you had a very serious delusion
    indeed.
  448. whirling
    the act of rotating in a circle or spiral
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  449. degradation
    a change to a lower state
    The dead men had become
    martyrs and their degradation was forgotten.
  450. moment
    an indefinitely short time
    Since the moment when they arrested him he had not
    seen darkness or daylight.
  451. tapped
    in a condition for letting out liquid drawn out as by piercing or drawing a plug
    The man in the white
    coat bent down and looked closely into Winston’s eyes, felt his pulse, laid an
    ear against his chest, tapped here and there, then he nodded to O’Brien.
  452. wearily
    in a drained or worn down manner
    ’I think I exist,’ he said wearily.
  453. assassination
    murder of a public figure by surprise attack
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  454. down
    in a lower place or position
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  455. potato
    an edible tuber native to South America
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  456. prostrate
    stretched out and lying at full length along the ground
    Winston was not hurt, only prostrated.
  457. certainty
    the state of being sure about something
    He was starting up from the plank bed in the half-certainty that he had
    heard O’Brien’s voice.
  458. burned
    destroyed or badly damaged by fire
    For every heretic it burned at the stake,
    thousands of others rose up.
  459. weeping
    the process of shedding tears
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  460. extend
    stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  461. proclaim
    declare formally
    In the old days the heretic walked to the stake still a heretic,
    proclaiming his heresy, exulting in it.
  462. crime
    an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  463. take part
    share in something
    I took part
    in their interrogation myself.
  464. contradiction
    opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  465. think
    judge or regard; look upon; judge
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  466. cruelly
    with cruelty
    The Russians persecuted
    heresy more cruelly than the Inquisition had done.
  467. nightmare
    a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream
    With that first blow on the elbow the nightmare had started.
  468. powerless
    lacking power
    It is intolerable
    to us that an erroneous thought should exist anywhere in the world, however
    secret and powerless it may be.
  469. bully
    discourage or frighten with threats or a domineering manner
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  470. frighten
    cause fear in
    It was a frightening pain, because he could not see what
    was happening, and he had the feeling that some mortal injury was being done
    to him.
  471. dodge
    a quick evasive movement
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  472. regain
    get or find back; recover the use of
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  473. stain
    make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air
    You are a
    stain that must be wiped out.
  474. denial
    renunciation of one's own interests in favor of others
    And if so, then already he would have forgotten his
    denial of remembering it, and forgotten the act of forgetting.
  475. dripping
    extremely wet
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  476. self
    your consciousness of your own identity
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  477. brotherhood
    the family relationship between two male offspring
    ’Does the Brotherhood exist?’
  478. seem
    give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect
    Light that seemed stronger than usual was falling on his face.
  479. face
    the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin
    Light that seemed stronger than usual was falling on his face.
  480. pillar
    a vertical cylindrical structure supporting a structure
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  481. will
    the capability of conscious choice and decision
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  482. abuse
    cruel or inhumane treatment
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  483. pamphlet
    a small book usually having a paper cover
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  484. fling
    throw with force or recklessness
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  485. bone
    rigid tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  486. move
    change location
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  487. wipe
    rub with a circular motion
    You are a
    stain that must be wiped out.
  488. go on
    move forward, also in the metaphorical sense
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  489. collective
    done by or characteristic of individuals acting together
    Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in
    any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the Party, which is collective and
    immortal.
  490. arguing
    a contentious speech act
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  491. accuse
    blame for; make a claim of wrongdoing or misbehavior against
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  492. nodding
    having branches or flower heads that bend downward
    ”Who controls the present controls the past,” said O’Brien, nodding his
    head with slow approval.
  493. stretch
    extend one's limbs or muscles, or the entire body
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  494. laughter
    the activity of laughing
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  495. take in
    provide with shelter
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  496. comforted
    made comfortable or more comfortable in a time of distress
    For a moment
    he clung to O’Brien like a baby, curiously comforted by the heavy arm round
    his shoulders.
  497. understand
    know and comprehend the nature or meaning of
    Everything was all right, there was no more pain, the last detail
    of his life was laid bare, understood, forgiven.
  498. sticking
    extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  499. belly
    the region of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  500. stake
    a strong wooden or metal post driven into the ground
    For every heretic it burned at the stake,
    thousands of others rose up.
  501. in some way
    in some unspecified way or manner
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  502. in effect
    exerting force or influence
    It had faded but before O’Brien had dropped his hand; but though
    he could not recapture it, he could remember it, as one remembers a vivid
    experience at some period of one’s life when one was in effect a different person.
  503. somehow
    in some unspecified way or manner
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  504. pretending
    the act of giving a false appearance
    He is not pretending, thought Winston, he is not
    a hypocrite, he believes every word he says.
  505. inviting
    attractive and tempting
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  506. surrender
    relinquish possession or control over
    When finally you surrender to us,
    it must be of your own free will.
  507. Light
    a divine presence believed by Quakers to enlighten and guide the soul
    Light that seemed stronger than usual was falling on his face.
  508. die
    lose all bodily functions necessary to sustain life
    The pain died down again.
  509. see
    perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
    Since the moment when they arrested him he had not
    seen darkness or daylight.
  510. streaming
    the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell
    Innumerable fingers, like moving trees, were
    still streaming past in either direction, crossing and recrossing.
  511. burst out
    erupt or intensify suddenly
    At the thought the words burst out of him:
    ’What is in Room 101?’
  512. pump
    a device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction
    It was he
    who decided when Winston should scream with pain, when he should have a
    respite, when he should be fed, when he should sleep, when the drugs should
    be pumped into his arm.
  513. blow
    be in motion due to some air or water current
    With that first blow on the elbow the nightmare had started.
  514. 144
    twelve dozen
    144
    ’How many fingers, Winston?’
  515. draw
    cause to move by pulling
    O’Brien drew back the lever on the dial.
  516. fix
    restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  517. continue
    keep or maintain in unaltered condition
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  518. truth
    a factual statement
    ’The truth, please, Winston.
  519. war
    the waging of armed conflict against an enemy
    At this moment, which power is Oceania at war with?’
  520. threaten
    utter intentions of injury or punishment against
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  521. resist
    withstand the force of something
    We do not destroy the heretic because he
    resists us: so long as he resists us we never destroy him.
  522. somewhere
    in or at or to some place
    Is there somewhere or
    other a place, a world of solid objects, where the past is still happening?’
  523. Jones
    American naval commander in the American Revolution
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  524. 145
    being five more than one hundred forty
    145
    ’I don’t know.
  525. tear
    separate or cause to separate abruptly
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  526. make
    perform or carry out
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  527. grow
    increase in size by natural process
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  528. condemn
    express strong disapproval of
    ’ Eleven years ago you created a legend about three men who had been
    condemned to death for treachery.
  529. moist
    slightly wet
    Two soft pads, which felt slightly moist, clamped themselves against Winston’s
    temples.
  530. have got
    have or possess, either in a concrete or an abstract sense
    That is the fact
    that you have got to relearn, Winston.
  531. shrink
    wither, as with a loss of moisture
    Again Winston’s heart
    shrank.
  532. mentally
    in your mind
    You are mentally
    deranged.
  533. wave
    (physics) a movement up and down or back and forth
    Without any warning except a slight movement of O’Brien’s hand, a wave of
    141
    pain flooded his body.
  534. just now
    only a moment ago
    Did I not tell you just now that we are different
    from the persecutors of the past?
  535. there
    in or at that place
    How long he had been down
    there he did not know.
  536. get to
    arrive at the point of
    That is the fact
    that you have got to relearn, Winston.
  537. bring
    take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
    Although the pain had brought
    the sweat out on his forehead, the worst of all was the fear that his backbone
    was about to snap.
  538. frail
    physically weak
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  539. switch
    device for making or breaking the connections in a circuit
    ’It is switched
    off.
  540. ash
    the residue that remains when something is burned
    ’Not even identifiable ashes.
  541. yes
    an affirmative
    Yes,’ said Winston.
  542. cure
    a medicine or therapy that treats disease or relieves pain
    You have never cured yourself of it,
    because you did not choose to.
  543. promptly
    with little or no delay
    It was another copy of the photograph of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford at
    the party function in New York, which he had chanced upon eleven years ago
    and promptly destroyed.
  544. heavy
    of comparatively great physical weight or density
    There was a tramp of heavy boots
    outside.
  545. external
    happening or arising outside some limits or surface
    You believe that reality is something objective,
    external, existing in its own right.
  546. directing
    showing the way by conducting or leading
    It was O’Brien who was directing everything.
  547. reject
    refuse to accept or acknowledge
    There was no idea that he had
    ever had, or could have, that O’Brien had not long ago known, examined, and
    rejected.
  548. slip
    move obliquely or sideways, usually in an uncontrolled manner
    An oblong slip of newspaper had appeared between O’Brien’s fingers.
  549. pour
    cause to run
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  550. especial
    surpassing what is common or usual or expected
    Your especial fear is that it will be your backbone.
  551. Middle Ages
    the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance
    In the
    Middle Ages there was the Inquisitlon.
  552. anew
    again, but in a new or different way
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  553. instant
    a very short time
    For only an instant it was before his eyes, then it was
    out of sight again.
  554. healing
    the natural process by which the body repairs itself
    Almost in the same instant a blissful, healing
    warmth spread all through his body.
  555. vision
    the ability to see
    For
    perhaps five seconds it was within the angle of Winston’s vision.
  556. recognize
    perceive to be something or something you can identify
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  557. groan
    an utterance expressing pain or disapproval
    The air tore into
    his lungs and issued again in deep groans which even by clenching his teeth he
    could not stop.
  558. intently
    with strained or eager attention
    O’Brien
    was standing at his side, looking down at him intently.
  559. laid
    set down according to a plan
    Everything was all right, there was no more pain, the last detail
    of his life was laid bare, understood, forgiven.
  560. appeal
    earnest or urgent request
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  561. look
    perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards
    O’Brien
    was standing at his side, looking down at him intently.
  562. execute
    put in effect
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  563. look up
    seek information from
    He opened his eyes and looked up gratefully at O’Brien.
  564. even
    being level or straight or regular and without variation
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  565. lying
    the deliberate act of deviating from the truth
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  566. expose
    make visible or apparent
    Before they exposed their victims to public trial,
    they deliberately set themselves to destroy their dignity.
  567. dazzling
    amazingly impressive
    He was strapped into a chair surrounded by dials, under dazzling lights.
  568. become
    come into existence
    I must hold out till the pain becomes unbearable.
  569. turn
    move around an axis or a center
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  570. uniform
    clothing of distinctive design worn by members of a group
    Always there were five or six men in
    black uniforms at him simultaneously.
  571. nose
    the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract
    His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches
    under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.
  572. insane
    afflicted with or characteristic of mental derangement
    It resembles my own mind except that you happen to be insane.
  573. body
    an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  574. slightly
    to a small degree or extent
    This time the pain was only slightly eased.
  575. mistake
    a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or inattention
    Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in
    any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the Party, which is collective and
    immortal.
  576. dimly
    with a faint light
    He remembered them
    dimly, because they were spent chiefly in sleep or stupor.
  577. convert
    change the nature, purpose, or function of something
    We convert him, we
    capture his inner mind, we reshape him.
  578. merely
    and nothing more
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  579. drug
    a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
    It was he
    who decided when Winston should scream with pain, when he should have a
    respite, when he should be fed, when he should sleep, when the drugs should
    be pumped into his arm.
  580. voice
    the sound made when a person speaks
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  581. slide
    move smoothly along a surface
    A needle slid into Winston’s arm.
  582. objective
    the goal intended to be attained
    You believe that reality is something objective,
    external, existing in its own right.
  583. fluid
    continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  584. deeply
    to a great depth;far down
    He
    had never loved him so deeply as at this moment, and not merely because he
    had stopped the pain.
  585. holding
    the act of retaining something
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  586. float
    be on or below a liquid surface and not sink to the bottom
    Suddenly
    he floated out of his seat, dived into the eyes, and was swallowed up.
  587. momentary
    lasting for a markedly brief time
    Then why bother to torture me? thought Winston, with a momentary bitterness.
  588. repeat
    say or state again
    Repeat
    it, if you please.’
  589. resemble
    be similar or bear a likeness to
    It resembles my own mind except that you happen to be insane.
  590. illusion
    an erroneous mental representation
    We burn all evil and all illusion out
    of him; we bring him over to our side, not in appearance, but genuinely, heart
    and soul.
  591. cured
    freed from illness or injury
    You have never cured yourself of it,
    because you did not choose to.
  592. mad
    roused to anger
    But in that case how could it be
    true that O’Brien was mad?
  593. Russian
    of or pertaining to or characteristic of Russia or its people or culture or language
    There
    were the German Nazis and the Russian Communists.
  594. gradually
    in a gradual manner
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  595. try
    make an effort or attempt
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  596. start
    take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  597. answer
    a statement made to reply to a question or criticism
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  598. contain
    hold or have within
    His mind contained Winston’s mind.
  599. crush
    compress with force, out of natural shape or condition
    We shall crush you down to the point from which there is no coming
    back.
  600. teeth
    the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal
    He set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying
    to keep silent as long as possible.
  601. intolerable
    incapable of being put up with
    It is intolerable
    to us that an erroneous thought should exist anywhere in the world, however
    secret and powerless it may be.
  602. suggest
    make a proposal; declare a plan for something
    It was he who asked the questions and suggested the
    answers.
  603. imaginary
    not based on fact; unreal
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  604. normal
    being approximately average or within certain limits
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  605. at any rate
    if nothing else
    And they imagined that
    they had learned from the mistakes of the past; they knew, at any rate, that
    one must not make martyrs.
  606. believe
    accept as true; take to be true
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  607. come over
    communicate the intended meaning or impression
    I have seldom seen anyone come over to us so promptly.
  608. lift
    raise from a lower to a higher position
    O’Brien lifted the grating.
  609. except
    prevent from being included or considered or accepted
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  610. sack
    a bag made of paper or plastic for holding purchases
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  611. humility
    a lack of arrogance or false pride
    You are here because you have failed in humility, in selfdiscipline.
  612. shelf
    a support that consists of a horizontal surface for holding objects
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  613. integrity
    an undivided or unbroken completeness with nothing wanting
    Never again will you be capable of love,
    or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity.
  614. clean
    free from dirt or impurities
    You will be lifted
    clean out from the stream of history.
  615. persecution
    causing someone to suffer
    You have read of the religious persecutions of the past.
  616. angle
    the space between two lines or planes that intersect
    For
    perhaps five seconds it was within the angle of Winston’s vision.
  617. tramp
    travel on foot, especially on a walking expedition
    There was a tramp of heavy boots
    outside.
  618. traitor
    a person who says one thing and does another
    Even
    those three miserable traitors in whose innocence you once believed — Jones,
    Aaronson, and Rutherford — in the end we broke them down.
  619. glare
    be sharply reflected
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  620. bed
    a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  621. cry
    shed tears because of sadness, rage, or pain
    If you tell me any lies, or attempt to prevaricate in any way,
    or even fall below your usual level of intelligence, you will cry out with pain,
    instantly.
  622. terrific
    extraordinarily good or great
    A terrific
    painless blow had flattened him out.
  623. effort
    use of physical or mental energy; hard work
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  624. aware
    having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization
    Even now, I am well aware, you are clinging to your
    disease under the impression that it is a virtue.
  625. underground
    beneath the surface of the earth
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  626. out
    moving or appearing to move away from a place, especially one that is enclosed or hidden
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  627. brain
    the organ that is the center of the nervous system
    Nothing will remain of you, not a name in a register, not
    a memory in a living brain.
  628. pace
    the relative speed of progress or change
    He resettled his spectacles thoughtfully,
    and took a pace or two up and down.
  629. conversion
    the act of changing from one use or function to another
    It was a perfect
    conversion, a textbook case.’
  630. oppressed
    burdened psychologically or mentally
    What most oppressed him was
    the consciousness of his own intellectual inferiority.
  631. hand
    the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  632. skull
    the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
    Even the victim of the Russian purges
    could carry rebellion locked up in his skull as he walked down the passage
    waiting for the bullet.
  633. wax
    substance solid at normal temperature and insoluble in water
    The waxed-faced officer marched in, followed
    by two guards.
  634. man
    an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  635. logical
    based on known statements or events or conditions
    Did not the statement, ’You do not exist’,
    contain a logical absurdity?
  636. extract
    remove, usually with some force or effort
    Not merely to extract your
    confession, not to punish you.
  637. sort of
    to some (great or small) extent
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  638. ear
    the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  639. flashing
    sheet metal shaped and attached to a roof for strength and weatherproofing
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  640. bother
    disturb, especially by minor irritations
    Then why bother to torture me? thought Winston, with a momentary bitterness.
  641. routine
    an unvarying or habitual method or procedure
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  642. limb
    one of the jointed appendages of an animal
    The grip of his limbs tightened again, but
    the pain had ebbed away and the trembling had stopped, leaving him merely
    weak and cold.
  643. swallow
    pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking
    Suddenly
    he floated out of his seat, dived into the eyes, and was swallowed up.
  644. enemy
    a personal foe
    It was true that he
    had been the enemy of the Party, and in the eyes of the Party there was no
    distinction between the thought and the deed.
  645. finish
    come or bring to an end
    By the time we had finished with them they were only the shells of
    men.
  646. rely
    have confidence or faith in
    These other questioners saw
    to it that he was in constant slight pain, but it was not chiefly pain that they
    relied on.
  647. eleven
    the cardinal number that is the sum of ten and one
    It was another copy of the photograph of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford at
    the party function in New York, which he had chanced upon eleven years ago
    and promptly destroyed.
  648. leg
    a human limb
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  649. thing
    a separate and self-contained entity
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  650. disappear
    become invisible or unnoticeable
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  651. thought
    the content of cognition
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  652. betray
    deliver to an enemy by treachery
    ’She betrayed you, Winston.
  653. enormous
    extraordinarily large in size or extent or degree
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  654. invite
    ask someone in a friendly way to do something
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  655. bend
    form a curve
    He was bending over Winston.
  656. piece
    a separate part of a whole
    Winston was aware
    of some heavy piece of apparatus being pushed into place behind his head.
  657. honesty
    the quality of being truthful and having integrity
    Four,
    five, six — in all honesty I don’t know.’
  658. 140
    being ten more than one hundred thirty
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  659. ask
    make a request or demand for something to somebody
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  660. human being
    any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae characterized by superior intelligence, articulate speech, and erect carriage
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  661. wretch
    someone you feel sorry for
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  662. roaring
    very lively and profitable
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  663. thoughtfully
    in a thoughtful manner
    He resettled his spectacles thoughtfully,
    and took a pace or two up and down.
  664. eighty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and eight
    Perhaps the needle was eighty — ninety.
  665. pause
    stop an action temporarily
    He paused for a few moments, as though to allow what he had been saying
    to sink in.
  666. still
    not in physical motion
    He confessed that he had murdered his wife, although
    he knew, and his questioners must have known, that his wife was still alive.
  667. watch
    look attentively
    For
    seven years I have watched over you.
  668. escape from
    get rid of
    And even
    if we chose to let you live out the natural term of your life, still you would never
    escape from us.
  669. animated
    having life or vigor or spirit
    His voice had changed extraordinarily, and his face
    had suddenly become both stern and animated.
  670. minority
    being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts
    You preferred to be a lunatic, a minority of one.
  671. preliminary
    preceding or in preparation for something more important
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  672. said
    being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  673. apparatus
    equipment designed to serve a specific function
    Winston was aware
    of some heavy piece of apparatus being pushed into place behind his head.
  674. unseen
    not observed
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  675. chiefly
    for the most part
    He remembered them
    dimly, because they were spent chiefly in sleep or stupor.
  676. intensity
    high level or degree
    Moreover it
    was filled with a sort of exaltation, a lunatic intensity.
  677. descend
    move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way
    Again the feeling of helplessness descended upon Winston.
  678. intellectual
    of or associated with or requiring the use of the mind
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  679. stopped
    (of a nose) blocked
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  680. scenery
    the appearance of a place
    And he did see them, for a fleeting instant, before the scenery of his mind
    changed.
  681. times
    a more or less definite period of time now or previously present
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  682. bond
    a connection that fastens things together
    The bonds that had held his
    body down were loosened.
  683. lined
    having a lining or a liner; often used in combination
    At sight of the heavy,
    lined face, so ugly and so intelligent, his heart seemed to turn over.
  684. year
    the period of time that it takes for a planet (as, e.g., Earth or Mars) to make a complete revolution around the sun
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  685. relate
    give an account of
    He was relating the entire history of his life
    to an audience who knew it already.
  686. worn
    affected by wear; damaged by long use
    His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches
    under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.
  687. member
    anything that belongs to a set or class
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  688. half a dozen
    the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  689. solid
    not soft or yielding to pressure
    Is there somewhere or
    other a place, a world of solid objects, where the past is still happening?’
  690. swimming
    the act of swimming
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  691. faintly
    to a faint degree or weakly perceived
    O’Brien smiled faintly.
  692. teacher
    a person whose occupation is instructing
    He had the air of a doctor, a teacher, even a priest, anxious to
    explain and persuade rather than to punish.
  693. swim
    travel through water
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  694. prove
    establish the validity of something
    You believed that you had seen unmistakable
    documentary evidence proving that their confessions were false.
  695. surroundings
    the environment in which something exists or lives
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  696. warn
    notify of danger, potential harm, or risk
    Without any warning except a slight movement of O’Brien’s hand, a wave of
    141
    pain flooded his body.
  697. continuous
    moving in time or space without interruption
    Besides, his memories were not continuous.
  698. innumerable
    too many to be counted
    Innumerable fingers, like moving trees, were
    still streaming past in either direction, crossing and recrossing.
  699. smile
    a facial expression with the corners of the mouth turned up
    O’Brien smiled faintly.
  700. perish
    pass from physical life
    Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in
    any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the Party, which is collective and
    immortal.
  701. word
    a unit of language that native speakers can identify
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  702. gleam
    a flash of light
    Even his spectacles seemed to wear an ironical
    gleam.
  703. over again
    anew
    And yet after only a
    few years the same thing had happened over again.
  704. live
    have life, be alive
    Nothing will remain of you, not a name in a register, not
    a memory in a living brain.
  705. soup
    liquid food especially of meat or fish or vegetable stock often containing pieces of solid food
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  706. almost
    slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  707. extended
    fully stretched forth
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  708. back
    the posterior part of a human (or animal) body
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  709. murmur
    a low continuous indistinct sound
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  710. resolve
    find a solution or answer
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  711. reasoning
    thinking that is organized and logical
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  712. speak
    use language
    When he spoke his voice was gentle
    and patient.
  713. record
    anything providing permanent evidence about past events
    ’In records.
  714. go up
    move upward
    The needle went up to sixty.
  715. open
    affording free passage or access
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  716. to and fro
    moving from one place to another and back again
    He watched the heavy yet
    graceful form strolling to and fro, in and out of the range of his vision.
  717. understood
    implied by or inferred from actions or statements
    Everything was all right, there was no more pain, the last detail
    of his life was laid bare, understood, forgiven.
  718. signed
    having a handwritten signature
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  719. please
    give enjoyment to
    Will you please remember, throughout our conversation,
    that I have it in my power to inflict pain on you at any moment and to whatever
    degree I choose?
  720. bitterness
    the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
    Then why bother to torture me? thought Winston, with a momentary bitterness.
  721. thinking
    endowed with the capacity to reason
    That is what you are thinking, is it not, Winston?’
  722. talking to
    a lengthy rebuke
    I enjoy talking to you.
  723. out of sight
    not accessible to view
    For only an instant it was before his eyes, then it was
    out of sight again.
  724. compromise
    an accommodation in which both sides make concessions
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  725. fatigue
    temporary loss of strength and energy from hard work
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  726. out of
    motivated by
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  727. argument
    a dispute where there is strong disagreement
    He knew, or he could
    imagine, the arguments which proved his own nonexistence; but they were nonsense,
    they were only a play on words.
  728. spy
    (military) a secret agent hired by a state to obtain information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors
    He confessed
    that he had been a spy in the pay of the Eastasian government as far back as
    1968.
  729. argue
    have a disagreement about something
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  730. never
    not ever; at no time in the past or future
    All through his interrogation, although he had never
    seen him, he had had the feeling that O’Brien was at his elbow, just out of
    sight.
  731. for the moment
    temporarily
    For the moment
    he had even forgotten the dial.
  732. period
    an amount of time
    There were also longer periods of recovery.
  733. bending
    movement that causes the formation of a curve
    He was bending over Winston.
  734. sort
    a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  735. looking
    appearing to be as specified
    O’Brien
    was standing at his side, looking down at him intently.
  736. immortal
    not subject to death
    Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in
    any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the Party, which is collective and
    immortal.
  737. instantly
    without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening
    If you tell me any lies, or attempt to prevaricate in any way,
    or even fall below your usual level of intelligence, you will cry out with pain,
    instantly.
  738. seeming
    appearing as such but not necessarily so
    The fingers stood up before his eyes
    like pillars, enormous, blurry, and seeming to vibrate, but unmistakably four.
  739. bullet
    a projectile that is fired from a gun
    Even the victim of the Russian purges
    could carry rebellion locked up in his skull as he walked down the passage
    waiting for the bullet.
  740. change
    become different in some particular way
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  741. true
    consistent with fact or reality; not false
    Besides, in a sense it was all true.
  742. breathe
    draw air into, and expel out of, the lungs
    He set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying
    to keep silent as long as possible.
  743. breathed
    uttered without voice
    He set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying
    to keep silent as long as possible.
  744. big
    above average in size or number or quantity
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  745. whatever
    one or some or every or all without specification
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  746. rod
    a long thin implement made of metal or wood
    Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was
    truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, sometimes it was boots.
  747. eminent
    standing above others in quality or position
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  748. shame
    a painful feeling of embarrassment or inadequacy
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  749. halt
    cause to stop
    O’Brien
    halted and looked down at him.
  750. function
    what something is used for
    It was another copy of the photograph of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford at
    the party function in New York, which he had chanced upon eleven years ago
    and promptly destroyed.
  751. solitude
    a state of social isolation
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  752. sheer
    so thin as to transmit light
    He
    felt certain that O’Brien was about to twist the dial out of sheer wantonness.
  753. hesitation
    the act of pausing uncertainly
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  754. tune
    a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  755. commit
    engage in or perform
    We are not interested in
    those stupid crimes that you have committed.
  756. loyalty
    the quality of being steadfast in allegiance or duty
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  757. friendship
    the state of being a helpful ally
    In
    some sense that went deeper than friendship, they were intimates: somewhere
    or other, although the actual words might never be spoken, there was a place
    where they could meet and talk.
  758. abandon
    forsake; leave behind
    Men were dying because
    they would not abandon their true beliefs.
  759. shine
    emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  760. Communist
    a member of the communist party
    There
    were the German Nazis and the Russian Communists.
  761. forty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and four
    He was older than Winston
    had thought him; he was perhaps forty-eight or fifty.
  762. done with
    having no further concern with
    ’What have you done with Julia?’ said Winston.
  763. movement
    change of position that does not entail a change of location
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  764. capable
    having ability
    Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling.
  765. deliberately
    in a careful unhurried manner
    Before they exposed their victims to public trial,
    they deliberately set themselves to destroy their dignity.
  766. negative
    characterized by denial or opposition or resistance
    We are not content with negative obedience,
    nor even with the most abject submission.
  767. trap
    a device in which something can be caught and penned
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  768. tore
    commonly the lowest molding at the base of a column
    The air tore into
    his lungs and issued again in deep groans which even by clenching his teeth he
    could not stop.
  769. innocence
    the state of being unsullied by sin or moral wrong
    Even
    those three miserable traitors in whose innocence you once believed — Jones,
    Aaronson, and Rutherford — in the end we broke them down.
  770. promising
    likely to have a successful outcome or positive results
    More than ever he had the
    air of a teacher taking pains with a wayward but promising child.
  771. save
    bring into safety
    I shall
    save you, I shall make you perfect.’
  772. blank
    (of a surface) not written or printed on
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  773. ago
    gone by; or in the past
    He was not sure whether it was O’Brien’s
    voice; but it was the same voice that had said to him, ’We shall meet in the
    place where there is no darkness,’ in that other dream, seven years ago.
  774. legend
    a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events
    ’ Eleven years ago you created a legend about three men who had been
    condemned to death for treachery.
  775. pretended
    adopted in order to deceive
    You pretended that you had seen a piece of
    paper which proved them innocent.
  776. turn to
    direct one's interest or attention towards; go into
    O’Brien turned to Winston with a smile.
  777. wear
    put clothing on one's body
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  778. checked
    patterned with alternating squares of color
    O’Brien checked his step as though Winston had uttered the thought
    aloud.
  779. curiously
    in a manner differing from the usual or expected
    For a moment
    he clung to O’Brien like a baby, curiously comforted by the heavy arm round
    his shoulders.
  780. harsh
    disagreeable to the senses
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  781. apart
    separated or at a distance in place or position or time
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  782. held
    occupied or in the control of; often used in combination
    His body was held down at every essential point.
  783. impression
    a vague idea in which some confidence is placed
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  784. crop
    a cultivated plant that is grown commercially
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  785. real
    being or occurring in fact or actuality
    The confession was a formality, though the
    torture was real.
  786. end
    either extremity of something that has length
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  787. perhaps
    by chance
    He was older than Winston
    had thought him; he was perhaps forty-eight or fifty.
  788. pattern
    a repeated design, structure, or arrangement
    ’You are a flaw in the pattern, Winston.
  789. opened
    not sealed or having been unsealed
    He opened his mouth to speak and then did
    not speak.
  790. mercy
    a disposition to be kind and forgiving
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  791. murdered
    killed unlawfully
    He confessed that he had murdered his wife, although
    he knew, and his questioners must have known, that his wife was still alive.
  792. coarse
    rough to the touch
    His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches
    under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.
  793. faded
    having lost freshness or brilliance of color
    It had faded but before O’Brien had dropped his hand; but though
    he could not recapture it, he could remember it, as one remembers a vivid
    experience at some period of one’s life when one was in effect a different person.
  794. unable
    lacking necessary physical or mental ability
    He was almost flat on his back, and unable to move.
  795. hopeless
    without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  796. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  797. endless
    having no known beginning and presumably no end
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  798. ending
    the act of ending something
    He did not remember any ending to his interrogation.
  799. be well
    be healthy; feel good
    Even now, I am well aware, you are clinging to your
    disease under the impression that it is a virtue.
  800. knock
    deliver a sharp blow or push :"He knocked the glass clear across the room"
    Although he had already been lying on his back when the thing happened, he
    had a curious feeling that he had been knocked into that position.
  801. warmth
    the quality of having a moderate degree of heat
    Almost in the same instant a blissful, healing
    warmth spread all through his body.
  802. lifted
    held up in the air
    O’Brien lifted the grating.
  803. work on
    to exert effort in order to do, make, or perform something
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  804. regularly
    in a regular manner
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  805. nowhere
    not anywhere; in or at or to no place
    Reality exists in the human mind, and
    nowhere else.
  806. plus
    on the positive side or higher end of a scale
    ’Do you remember,’ he went on, ’ writing in your diary, ”Freedom is the
    freedom to say that two plus two make four”?’
  807. the like
    a similar kind
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  808. command
    an authoritative direction or instruction to do something
    The command of the old despotisms was ”Thou shalt not”.
  809. lock
    a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed
    Even the victim of the Russian purges
    could carry rebellion locked up in his skull as he walked down the passage
    waiting for the bullet.
  810. tin
    a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  811. simply
    in a simple manner; without extravagance or embellishment
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  812. register
    an official written record of names or events
    Nothing will remain of you, not a name in a register, not
    a memory in a living brain.
  813. conceal
    prevent from being seen or discovered
    O’Brien held up the fingers of his left hand, with the thumb concealed.
  814. perfect
    being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish
    I shall
    save you, I shall make you perfect.’
  815. room
    an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  816. round
    having a circular shape
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  817. rebellion
    organized opposition to authority
    Even the victim of the Russian purges
    could carry rebellion locked up in his skull as he walked down the passage
    waiting for the bullet.
  818. step
    the act of changing location by raising the foot and setting it down
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  819. slight
    small in quantity or degree
    These other questioners saw
    to it that he was in constant slight pain, but it was not chiefly pain that they
    relied on.
  820. range
    a variety of different things or activities
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  821. ever
    at all times; all the time and on every occasion
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  822. intend
    have in mind as a purpose
    ’You are thinking,’ he said, ’that since we intend to destroy you utterly, so
    that nothing that you say or do can make the smallest difference — in that case,
    why do we go to the trouble of interrogating you first?
  823. hour
    a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  824. possible
    capable of happening or existing
    He set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying
    to keep silent as long as possible.
  825. loved
    held dear
    He
    had never loved him so deeply as at this moment, and not merely because he
    had stopped the pain.
  826. fortunately
    by good fortune
    Fortunately it is curable.
  827. matter
    that which has mass and occupies space
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  828. years
    a prolonged period of time
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  829. faster
    more quickly
    His breast rose and fell a little faster.
  830. interested
    showing curiosity or fascination or concern
    We are not interested in
    those stupid crimes that you have committed.
  831. executed
    put to death as punishment
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  832. gravely
    in a serious or solemn manner
    O’Brien was looking down at him gravely and
    rather sadly.
  833. recover
    regain or make up for
    Things will happen to you from which you could not recover, if you lived
    a thousand years.
  834. sadly
    in an unfortunate way
    O’Brien was looking down at him gravely and
    rather sadly.
  835. ended
    having come or been brought to a conclusion
    The word ended in a gasp of pain.
  836. slow
    not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time
    ”Who controls the present controls the past,” said O’Brien, nodding his
    head with slow approval.
  837. completely
    with everything necessary
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  838. continued
    without stop or interruption
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  839. event
    something that happens at a given place and time
    You are unable to remember
    real events and you persuade yourself that you remember other events which
    never happened.
  840. write
    name the letters that comprise the accepted form of
    It is written down.’
  841. defeated
    people who are defeated
    Perhaps that lunatic dislocation in the mind
    could really happen: that was the thought that defeated him.
  842. grown
    (of animals) fully developed
    His voice had grown almost dreamy.
  843. impossible
    not capable of happening or being done or dealt with
    It was
    impossible to move so much as a centimetre in any direction.
  844. satisfy
    meet the requirements or expectations of
    O’Brien stood up with a satisfied air.
  845. sexual
    of or relating to or characterized by sexuality
    He confessed that he was a religious believer, an admirer of capitalism,
    and a sexual pervert.
  846. mouth
    the opening through which food is taken in
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  847. filled
    generously supplied with
    The heavy, stern
    face and the four fingers filled his vision.
  848. here
    in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is
    ’I told you,’ said O’Brien, ’that if we met again it would be here.’
  849. graceful
    characterized by beauty of movement, style, or form
    He watched the heavy yet
    graceful form strolling to and fro, in and out of the range of his vision.
  850. sight
    the ability to see; the visual faculty
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  851. hurt
    be the source of pain
    ’This time it will not hurt,’ he said.
  852. alive
    possessing life
    He confessed that he had murdered his wife, although
    he knew, and his questioners must have known, that his wife was still alive.
  853. fall
    descend freely under the influence of gravity
    Light that seemed stronger than usual was falling on his face.
  854. reduce
    make smaller
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  855. dealing
    method or manner of conduct in relation to others
    ’There is a Party slogan dealing with the control of the past,’ he said.
  856. amusement
    an activity that is diverting and that holds the attention
    There was a trace of
    amusement in O’Brien’s face.
  857. nerves
    control of your emotions
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  858. same
    same in identity
    He was not sure whether it was O’Brien’s
    voice; but it was the same voice that had said to him, ’We shall meet in the
    place where there is no darkness,’ in that other dream, seven years ago.
  859. light
    electromagnetic radiation that can produce visual sensation
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  860. washed
    clean by virtue of having been washed in water
    Everyone is washed clean.
  861. abruptly
    quickly and without warning
    Abruptly he was sitting up with O’Brien’s arm round his shoulders.
  862. approval
    the formal act of giving agreement or permission
    ”Who controls the present controls the past,” said O’Brien, nodding his
    head with slow approval.
  863. rejected
    rebuffed (by a lover) without warning
    There was no idea that he had
    ever had, or could have, that O’Brien had not long ago known, examined, and
    rejected.
  864. surrounding
    closely encircling
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  865. why
    the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase `the whys and wherefores'
    Winston could not intermittently
    remember why the pain was happening.
  866. obedience
    the trait of being willing to follow commands or guidance
    We are not content with negative obedience,
    nor even with the most abject submission.
  867. roar
    make a loud noise, as of an animal
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  868. take
    get into one's hands
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  869. believe in
    have a firm conviction as to the goodness of something
    You
    invented it, and later you grew to believe in it.
  870. threat
    declaration of an intention to inflict harm on another
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  871. come into
    obtain, especially accidentally
    He still had not
    asked the question that had come into his mind the first.
  872. only
    without any others being included or involved
    Even after his eyes were open he took in his surroundings only gradually.
  873. act
    behave in a certain manner
    And if so, then already he would have forgotten his
    denial of remembering it, and forgotten the act of forgetting.
  874. leaf
    the collective amount of leaves of one or more plants
    Will you understand, Winston, that no one whom
    we bring to this place ever leaves our hands uncured?
  875. quickly
    with little or no delay
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  876. at hand
    close in space; within reach
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  877. shoulder
    a ball-and-socket joint between the head of the humerus and a cavity of the scapula
    Abruptly he was sitting up with O’Brien’s arm round his shoulders.
  878. mainly
    for the most part
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  879. stupid
    lacking or marked by lack of intellectual acuity
    We are not interested in
    those stupid crimes that you have committed.
  880. easy
    posing no difficulty; requiring little effort
    It was easier to confess everything and
    implicate everybody.
  881. daylight
    the time after sunrise and before sunset while it is light outside
    Since the moment when they arrested him he had not
    seen darkness or daylight.
  882. place
    a point located with respect to surface features of a region
    He was not sure whether it was O’Brien’s
    voice; but it was the same voice that had said to him, ’We shall meet in the
    place where there is no darkness,’ in that other dream, seven years ago.
  883. then
    at that time
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  884. over
    beyond the top or upper surface or edge
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  885. suddenly
    happening unexpectedly
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  886. are
    a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  887. trying
    hard to endure
    He set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying
    to keep silent as long as possible.
  888. really
    in actual fact
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  889. fear
    an emotion in anticipation of some specific pain or danger
    Although the pain had brought
    the sweat out on his forehead, the worst of all was the fear that his backbone
    was about to snap.
  890. examine
    observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect
    There was no idea that he had
    ever had, or could have, that O’Brien had not long ago known, examined, and
    rejected.
  891. moving
    in motion
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  892. stream
    a natural body of water flowing on or under the earth
    Innumerable fingers, like moving trees, were
    still streaming past in either direction, crossing and recrossing.
  893. talk
    use language
    O’Brien was a person who
    could be talked to.
  894. beginning
    the act of starting something
    Since the beginning of your
    life, since the beginning of the Party, since the beginning of history, the war has
    continued without a break, always the same war.
  895. in that
    (formal) in or into that thing or place
    He was not sure whether it was O’Brien’s
    voice; but it was the same voice that had said to him, ’We shall meet in the
    place where there is no darkness,’ in that other dream, seven years ago.
  896. undoubtedly
    certainly
    There was
    undoubtedly a blinding flash of light.
  897. covering
    a natural object that covers or envelops
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  898. capture
    seize as if by hunting, snaring, or trapping
    We convert him, we
    capture his inner mind, we reshape him.
  899. sense
    the faculty through which the world is perceived
    Besides, in a sense it was all true.
  900. laying
    the production of eggs (especially in birds)
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  901. wash
    clean with some chemical process
    Everyone is washed clean.
  902. proceedings
    (law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked
    O’Brien motioned with his head to the man in the white coat,
    who had stood immobile throughout the proceedings.
  903. wall
    an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  904. cease
    put an end to a state or an activity
    He had ceased to notice whether he was crying out or not.
  905. shut
    move so that an opening or passage is obstructed; make shut
    He had shut his eyes this time.
  906. weapon
    any instrument used in fighting or hunting
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  907. level
    a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
    If you tell me any lies, or attempt to prevaricate in any way,
    or even fall below your usual level of intelligence, you will cry out with pain,
    instantly.
  908. assume
    take to be the case or to be true
    When you delude yourself into thinking that you see something,
    you assume that everyone else sees the same thing as you.
  909. obviously
    unmistakably
    In the
    first place, because the confessions that they had made were obviously extorted
    and untrue.
  910. outside
    the region that is outside of something
    There was a tramp of heavy boots
    outside.
  911. risen
    (of e.g. celestial bodies) above the horizon
    The needle must have risen again, but he did not look at it.
  912. larger
    large or big relative to something else
    The eyes grew larger and more luminous.
  913. deadly
    causing or capable of causing death
    He had a feeling of deadly
    helplessness.
  914. recovery
    return to an original state
    There were also longer periods of recovery.
  915. nonsense
    a message that seems to convey no meaning
    He knew, or he could
    imagine, the arguments which proved his own nonexistence; but they were nonsense,
    they were only a play on words.
  916. ministry
    the work of a person authorized to conduct religious worship
    In the Ministry of Love.’
  917. pains
    an effortful attempt to attain a goal
    More than ever he had the
    air of a teacher taking pains with a wayward but promising child.
  918. hatred
    the emotion of intense dislike
    Then everything
    was normal again, and the old fear, the hatred, and the bewilderment came
    crowding back again.
  919. sit down
    take a seat
    O’Brien had sat down beside the bed, so that his face was almost on a level
    with Winston’s.
  920. dirty
    soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime
    All her rebelliousness, her deceit, her folly, her
    149
    dirty-mindedness — everything has been burned out of her.
  921. certain
    established beyond doubt or question; definitely known
    There was a
    certain photograph about which you had a hallucination.
  922. below
    in or to a place that is lower
    His face, seen from below, looked coarse and worn, with pouches
    under the eyes and tired lines from nose to chin.
  923. alliance
    the state of being joined in an association or coalition
    We were in alliance with them.
  924. throughout
    from first to last
    Will you please remember, throughout our conversation,
    that I have it in my power to inflict pain on you at any moment and to whatever
    degree I choose?
  925. run
    move fast by using one's feet
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  926. discipline
    a system of rules of conduct or method of practice
    Only the disciplined
    mind can see reality, Winston.
  927. manner
    how something is done or how it happens
    Even the back of his head
    was gripped in some manner.
  928. sixty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and six
    The needle went up to sixty.
  929. deed
    a legal document to effect a transfer of property
    It was true that he
    had been the enemy of the Party, and in the eyes of the Party there was no
    distinction between the thought and the deed.
  930. air
    a mixture of gases required for breathing
    He had the air of a doctor, a teacher, even a priest, anxious to
    explain and persuade rather than to punish.
  931. fifty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five
    He was older than Winston
    had thought him; he was perhaps forty-eight or fifty.
  932. before
    at or in the front
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  933. arrive
    reach a destination
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  934. preferred
    more desirable than another
    You preferred to be a lunatic, a minority of one.
  935. distribution
    the act of spreading or apportioning
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  936. intimate
    marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity
    In
    some sense that went deeper than friendship, they were intimates: somewhere
    or other, although the actual words might never be spoken, there was a place
    where they could meet and talk.
  937. any
    to some extent or degree
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  938. trouble
    a source of difficulty
    ’I am taking trouble with you, Winston,’ he said, ’because you are worth
    trouble.
  939. point
    a distinguishing or individuating characteristic
    Now the turning-point has come.
  940. long ago
    of the distant or comparatively distant past
    There was no idea that he had
    ever had, or could have, that O’Brien had not long ago known, examined, and
    rejected.
  941. joint
    junction by which parts or objects are linked together
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  942. folly
    the trait of acting stupidly or rashly
    All her rebelliousness, her deceit, her folly, her
    149
    dirty-mindedness — everything has been burned out of her.
  943. Tell
    a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)
    Tell me what you think you
    remember.’
  944. freedom
    the power to act, speak, or think without being controlled
    ’Do you remember,’ he went on, ’ writing in your diary, ”Freedom is the
    freedom to say that two plus two make four”?’
  945. saw
    hand tool having a toothed blade for cutting
    These other questioners saw
    to it that he was in constant slight pain, but it was not chiefly pain that they
    relied on.
  946. killing
    the act of terminating a life
    It was he who set the
    guards on to Winston and who prevented them from killing him.
  947. lose
    fail to keep or to maintain
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  948. prefer
    like better; value more highly
    You preferred to be a lunatic, a minority of one.
  949. shell
    the outer covering of an animal
    By the time we had finished with them they were only the shells of
    men.
  950. worry
    a strong feeling of anxiety
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  951. deliver
    bring to a destination
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  952. concealed
    not accessible to view
    O’Brien held up the fingers of his left hand, with the thumb concealed.
  953. precisely
    in a sharply exact manner
    I will put it
    more precisely.
  954. long
    primarily spatial sense
    How long he had been down
    there he did not know.
  955. all
    entirely or completely
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  956. paper
    a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  957. sole
    the underside of the foot
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  958. darkness
    absence of light or illumination
    Since the moment when they arrested him he had not
    seen darkness or daylight.
  959. on the contrary
    contrary to expectations
    On the contrary,’ he said, ’you have not controlled it.
  960. flood
    the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto land
    Without any warning except a slight movement of O’Brien’s hand, a wave of
    141
    pain flooded his body.
  961. touching
    arousing affect
    It was touching to see how they loved him.
  962. citizen
    a native or naturalized member of a state
    He knew what was meant by Oceania and that he himself
    was a citizen of Oceania.
  963. crossing
    a point where two lines (paths or arcs etc.) intersect
    Innumerable fingers, like moving trees, were
    still streaming past in either direction, crossing and recrossing.
  964. faced
    having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination
    The waxed-faced officer marched in, followed
    by two guards.
  965. kind
    having a tender and considerate and helpful nature
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  966. must
    a necessary or essential thing
    I must hold out till the pain becomes unbearable.
  967. shaking
    the act of causing something to move up and down (or back and forth) with quick movements
    He felt very cold, he was shaking uncontrollably, his
    teeth were chattering, the tears were rolling down his cheeks.
  968. go to
    be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.
    ’You are afraid,’ said O’Brien, watching his face, ’that in another moment
    something is going to break.
  969. allow
    make it possible for something to happen
    He paused for a few moments, as though to allow what he had been saying
    to sink in.
  970. intelligent
    having the capacity for thought and reason to a high degree
    At sight of the heavy,
    lined face, so ugly and so intelligent, his heart seemed to turn over.
  971. mortal
    subject to death
    It was a frightening pain, because he could not see what
    was happening, and he had the feeling that some mortal injury was being done
    to him.
  972. push
    move with force, "He pushed the table into a corner"
    Winston was aware
    of some heavy piece of apparatus being pushed into place behind his head.
  973. difference
    the quality of being unlike or dissimilar
    It made no difference.
  974. much as
    in a similar way
    It was
    impossible to move so much as a centimetre in any direction.
  975. fixed
    unmoving
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  976. torn
    unable to choose between two contrary options
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  977. tell
    narrate or give a detailed account of
    Three more kicks,
    139
    two more kicks, and then I will tell them what they want.’
  978. human
    a person; a hominid with a large brain and articulate speech
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  979. many
    a large number of the persons or things being discussed
    How many times he had been beaten, how long the beatings
    had continued, he could not remember.
  980. shooting
    the act of firing a projectile
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  981. future
    the time yet to come
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  982. inside
    relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space
    Everything will be dead inside you.
  983. felt
    a fabric made of compressed matted animal fibers
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  984. three
    the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one
    Three more kicks,
    139
    two more kicks, and then I will tell them what they want.’
  985. existence
    the state or fact of being
    ’Is it your opinion, Winston, that the past has real
    existence?’
  986. though
    (postpositive) however
    The confession was a formality, though the
    torture was real.
  987. dead
    no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  988. and then
    subsequently or soon afterward
    Three more kicks,
    139
    two more kicks, and then I will tell them what they want.’
  989. hollow
    not solid; having a space or gap or cavity
    You will be hollow.
  990. chest
    the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates
    The man in the white
    coat bent down and looked closely into Winston’s eyes, felt his pulse, laid an
    ear against his chest, tapped here and there, then he nodded to O’Brien.
  991. existing
    having being or actuality
    You believe that reality is something objective,
    external, existing in its own right.
  992. friend
    a person you know well and regard with affection and trust
    He was the tormentor, he was the protector, he was the inquisitor,
    he was the friend.
  993. perfectly
    in a perfect or faultless way
    You know perfectly well what is the matter with you.
  994. finished
    ended or brought to an end
    By the time we had finished with them they were only the shells of
    men.
  995. proved
    established beyond doubt
    You pretended that you had seen a piece of
    paper which proved them innocent.
  996. realize
    be fully aware or cognizant of
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  997. count
    determine the number or amount of
    He was trying to count them, he
    could not remember why.
  998. flow
    move along, of liquids
    The pain flowed into Winston’s body.
  999. touch
    make physical contact with, come in contact with
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  1000. come
    move toward, travel toward
    Now the turning-point has come.
  1001. time
    the continuum of experience in which events pass to the past
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  1002. trace
    an indication that something has been present
    There was a trace of
    amusement in O’Brien’s face.
  1003. left
    being or located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  1004. aloud
    using the voice; not silently
    O’Brien checked his step as though Winston had uttered the thought
    aloud.
  1005. succeed
    attain success or reach a desired goal
    He was confessing everything, even the things he had succeeded in
    holding back under the torture.
  1006. instrument
    the means whereby some act is accomplished
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  1007. death
    the permanent end of all life functions in an organism
    O’Brien had tortured him to the edge of lunacy, and in a little
    while, it was certain, he would send him to his death.
  1008. here and there
    in or to various places; first this place and then that
    The man in the white
    coat bent down and looked closely into Winston’s eyes, felt his pulse, laid an
    ear against his chest, tapped here and there, then he nodded to O’Brien.
  1009. drawn
    showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering
    There were times when his
    nerve so forsook him that he began shouting for mercy even before the beating
    began, when the mere sight of a fist drawn back for a blow was enough to make
    him pour forth a confession of real and imaginary crimes.
  1010. men
    the force of workers available
    Always there were five or six men in
    black uniforms at him simultaneously.
  1011. detail
    a small part considered separately from the whole
    Everything was all right, there was no more pain, the last detail
    of his life was laid bare, understood, forgiven.
  1012. cheek
    either side of the face below the eyes
    He felt very cold, he was shaking uncontrollably, his
    teeth were chattering, the tears were rolling down his cheeks.
  1013. funds
    assets in the form of money
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  1014. above all
    above and beyond all other consideration
    And above all we do not allow
    the dead to rise up against us.
  1015. meet
    come together
    He was not sure whether it was O’Brien’s
    voice; but it was the same voice that had said to him, ’We shall meet in the
    place where there is no darkness,’ in that other dream, seven years ago.
  1016. set out
    lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line
    It set out to eradicate
    heresy, and ended by perpetuating it.
  1017. distinction
    a discrimination between things as different
    It was true that he
    had been the enemy of the Party, and in the eyes of the Party there was no
    distinction between the thought and the deed.
  1018. feed
    provide as food
    It was he
    who decided when Winston should scream with pain, when he should have a
    respite, when he should be fed, when he should sleep, when the drugs should
    be pumped into his arm.
  1019. shake
    move or cause to move back and forth
    He felt very cold, he was shaking uncontrollably, his
    teeth were chattering, the tears were rolling down his cheeks.
  1020. writing
    symbols imprinted on a surface to represent sounds or words
    ’Do you remember,’ he went on, ’ writing in your diary, ”Freedom is the
    freedom to say that two plus two make four”?’
  1021. crying
    the process of shedding tears
    He had ceased to notice whether he was crying out or not.
  1022. inner
    located inward
    We convert him, we
    capture his inner mind, we reshape him.
  1023. top
    the upper part of anything
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  1024. shoot
    fire a shot
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  1025. defeat
    an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest
    Perhaps that lunatic dislocation in the mind
    could really happen: that was the thought that defeated him.
  1026. fund
    a reserve of money set aside for some purpose
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  1027. sign
    a visible clue that something has happened or is present
    He became simply a
    mouth that uttered, a hand that signed, whatever was demanded of him.
  1028. some other
    any of various alternatives; some other
    He had the feeling that O’Brien was his protector, that the pain
    was something that came from outside, from some other source, and that it was
    O’Brien who would save him from it.
  1029. suggestion
    an idea that is proposed
    But there had been a moment — he did not know how
    long, thirty seconds, perhaps—of luminous certainty, when each new suggestion
    of O’Brien’s had filled up a patch of emptiness and become absolute truth, and
    when two and two could have been three as easily as five, if that were what was
    needed.
  1030. religious
    having or showing belief in and reverence for a deity
    He confessed that he was a religious believer, an admirer of capitalism,
    and a sexual pervert.
  1031. shelter
    covering that provides protection from the weather
    They wore them down
    by torture and solitude until they were despicable, cringing wretches, confessing
    whatever was put into their mouths, covering themselves with abuse, accusing
    and sheltering behind one another, whimpering for mercy.
  1032. set
    put into a certain place or abstract location
    It was he who set the
    guards on to Winston and who prevented them from killing him.
  1033. find out
    find out, learn, or determine with certainty, usually by making an inquiry or other effort
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  1034. up and down
    moving backward and forward along a given course
    He resettled his spectacles thoughtfully,
    and took a pace or two up and down.
  1035. behind
    in or to or toward the rear
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  1036. forehead
    the part of the face above the eyes
    Although the pain had brought
    the sweat out on his forehead, the worst of all was the fear that his backbone
    was about to snap.
  1037. flame
    combustion of materials producing heat and light and smoke
    Unseen, the frail slip of paper was whirling away on
    the current of warm air; it was vanishing in a flash of flame.
  1038. exposed
    with no protection or shield
    Before they exposed their victims to public trial,
    they deliberately set themselves to destroy their dignity.
  1039. roll
    move by turning over or rotating
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  1040. march
    walk fast, with regular or measured steps
    The waxed-faced officer marched in, followed
    by two guards.
  1041. anywhere
    at or in or to any place
    It is intolerable
    to us that an erroneous thought should exist anywhere in the world, however
    secret and powerless it may be.
  1042. permit
    allow the presence of or allow without opposing
    Even in the instant of death we cannot permit
    any deviation.
  1043. turning
    a movement in a new direction
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  1044. learn
    gain knowledge or skills
    And they imagined that
    they had learned from the mistakes of the past; they knew, at any rate, that
    one must not make martyrs.
  1045. decide
    reach, make, or come to a conclusion about something
    It was he
    who decided when Winston should scream with pain, when he should have a
    respite, when he should be fed, when he should sleep, when the drugs should
    be pumped into his arm.
  1046. look at
    look at carefully; study mentally
    He did not look at Winston
    either; he was looking only at the dials.
  1047. silent
    marked by absence of sound
    He set his teeth and breathed hard through his nose, trying
    to keep silent as long as possible.
  1048. injury
    physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident
    It was a frightening pain, because he could not see what
    was happening, and he had the feeling that some mortal injury was being done
    to him.
  1049. aim
    point or cause to go towards
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  1050. love
    a strong positive emotion of regard and affection
    He
    had never loved him so deeply as at this moment, and not merely because he
    had stopped the pain.
  1051. space
    the unlimited expanse in which everything is located
    Does the past exist concretely, in space?
  1052. sit
    take a seat
    Abruptly he was sitting up with O’Brien’s arm round his shoulders.
  1053. frequent
    coming at short intervals or habitually
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  1054. humble
    marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful
    You must humble yourself before you can become sane.’
  1055. rise
    move upward
    The needle must have risen again, but he did not look at it.
  1056. trembling
    vibrating slightly and irregularly
    The grip of his limbs tightened again, but
    the pain had ebbed away and the trembling had stopped, leaving him merely
    weak and cold.
  1057. every
    (used of count nouns) each and all of the members of a group considered singly and without exception
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  1058. officer
    a member of a police force
    The waxed-faced officer marched in, followed
    by two guards.
  1059. enthusiasm
    a feeling of excitement
    The exaltation, the lunatic enthusiasm,
    was still in his face.
  1060. create
    bring into existence
    ’ Eleven years ago you created a legend about three men who had been
    condemned to death for treachery.
  1061. expression
    the communication of your beliefs or opinions
    O’Brien was looking down at him with an
    expression which suggested that the same thought might be in his own mind.
  1062. changed
    made or become different in nature or form
    His voice had changed extraordinarily, and his face
    had suddenly become both stern and animated.
  1063. desperate
    a person who is frightened and in need of help
    He made
    a desperate, agonizing effort to wrench the top half of his body free.
  1064. gaze
    a long fixed look
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  1065. example
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
    Now we will take an example.
  1066. bones
    a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  1067. thousand
    the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
    For every heretic it burned at the stake,
    thousands of others rose up.
  1068. refuse
    show unwillingness towards
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  1069. floor
    the inside lower horizontal surface
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  1070. known
    apprehended with certainty
    He confessed that he had murdered his wife, although
    he knew, and his questioners must have known, that his wife was still alive.
  1071. other
    not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
    At the other side of him
    stood a man in a white coat, holding a hypodermic syringe.
  1072. broke
    lacking funds
    In the end the nagging voices broke him down
    more completely than the boots and fists of the guards.
  1073. evil
    morally bad or wrong
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  1074. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  1075. head
    the upper part of the human body or the body in animals
    Even the back of his head
    was gripped in some manner.
  1076. stretched
    (of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching
    If he could
    have moved he would have stretched out a hand and laid it on O’Brien arm.
  1077. tears
    the process of shedding tears
    When his nerves were in rags after hours of questioning, even this appeal could
    reduce him to snivelling tears.
  1078. proceed
    move ahead; travel onward in time or space
    O’Brien motioned with his head to the man in the white coat,
    who had stood immobile throughout the proceedings.
  1079. concern
    something that interests you because it is important
    His
    sole concern was to find out what they wanted him to confess, and then confess
    it quickly, before the bullying started anew.
  1080. threatened
    likely in the near future to become endangered
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  1081. check
    examine to determine accuracy or quality
    O’Brien checked his step as though Winston had uttered the thought
    aloud.
  1082. late
    at or toward an end or late period or stage of development
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  1083. already
    prior to a specified or implied time
    He was relating the entire history of his life
    to an audience who knew it already.
  1084. but
    and nothing more
    But
    whether the intervals were of days or weeks or only seconds, there was no way
    of knowing.
  1085. two
    the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one
    Three more kicks,
    139
    two more kicks, and then I will tell them what they want.’
  1086. wicked
    having committed unrighteous acts
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  1087. picture
    a visual representation produced on a surface
    They stood out in his mind
    140
    disconnectedly, like pictures with blackness all round them.
  1088. nervous
    of or relating to a system of sensory apparatus
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  1089. beg
    make a solicitation or entreaty for something
    They begged
    to be shot quickly, so that they could die while their minds were still clean.’
  1090. belong
    be owned by; be in the possession of
    Naturally all the glory belonged
    146
    to the victim and all the shame to the Inquisitor who burned him.
  1091. spare
    more than is needed, desired, or required
    No one who has once gone astray is ever spared.
  1092. essential
    basic and fundamental
    His body was held down at every essential point.
  1093. usual
    occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure
    Light that seemed stronger than usual was falling on his face.
  1094. pull
    apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion
    They slapped his face, wrung his ears. pulled his hair, made him
    stand on one leg, refused him leave to urinate, shone glaring lights in his face
    until his eyes ran with water; but the aim of this was simply to humiliate him
    and destroy his power of arguing and reasoning.
  1095. direction
    a line leading to a place or point
    It was
    impossible to move so much as a centimetre in any direction.
  1096. forgive
    stop blaming
    Everything was all right, there was no more pain, the last detail
    of his life was laid bare, understood, forgiven.
  1097. hide
    prevent from being seen or discovered
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  1098. miserable
    very unhappy
    Even
    those three miserable traitors in whose innocence you once believed — Jones,
    Aaronson, and Rutherford — in the end we broke them down.
  1099. hours
    an indefinite period of time
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  1100. rolled
    rolled up and secured
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  1101. second
    coming next after the first in position in space or time
    But
    whether the intervals were of days or weeks or only seconds, there was no way
    of knowing.
  1102. case
    an occurrence of something
    Not in the individual mind, which can make mistakes, and in
    any case soon perishes: only in the mind of the Party, which is collective and
    immortal.
  1103. done
    having finished or arrived at completion
    Most of the time they screamed abuse at him and threatened at every
    hesitation to deliver him over to the guards again; but sometimes they would
    suddenly change their tune, call him comrade, appeal to him in the name of
    Ingsoc and Big Brother, and ask him sorrowfully whether even now he had not
    enough loyalty to the Party left to make him wish to undo the evil he had done.
  1104. base
    lowest support of a structure
    There were
    times when he rolled about the floor, as shameless as an animal, writhing his
    body this way and that in an endless, hopeless effort to dodge the kicks, and
    simply inviting more and yet more kicks, in his ribs, in his belly, on his elbows,
    on his shins, in his groin, in his testicles, on the bone at the base of his spine.
  1105. horror
    intense and profound fear
    The beatings grew less frequent, and became mainly a threat, a horror to
    which he could be sent back at any moment when his answers were unsatisfactory.
  1106. meal
    any of the occasions for eating food that occur by custom or habit at more or less fixed times
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  1107. shape
    a perceptual structure
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  1108. like
    having the same or similar characteristics
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  1109. sale
    the general activity of selling
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  1110. mysterious
    beyond ordinary understanding
    He knew only that it was impossible to count them,
    and that this was somehow due to the mysterious identity between five and
    four.
  1111. walk
    use one's feet to advance; advance by steps
    In the old days the heretic walked to the stake still a heretic,
    proclaiming his heresy, exulting in it.
  1112. dreadful
    exceptionally bad or displeasing
    Some dreadful thing
    which had lain embedded in the future had somehow been skipped over and had
    not happened.
  1113. running
    the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  1114. curiosity
    a state in which you want to learn more about something
    Never again will you be capable of love,
    or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity.
  1115. included
    enclosed in the same envelope or package
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  1116. newspaper
    a daily or weekly publication with articles and advertisements
    An oblong slip of newspaper had appeared between O’Brien’s fingers.
  1117. warning
    a message informing of danger
    Without any warning except a slight movement of O’Brien’s hand, a wave of
    141
    pain flooded his body.
  1118. rate
    a quantity considered as a proportion of another quantity
    And they imagined that
    they had learned from the mistakes of the past; they knew, at any rate, that
    one must not make martyrs.
  1119. own
    belonging to or on behalf of a specified person
    You believe that reality is something objective,
    external, existing in its own right.
  1120. absolute
    perfect or complete or pure
    But there had been a moment — he did not know how
    long, thirty seconds, perhaps—of luminous certainty, when each new suggestion
    of O’Brien’s had filled up a patch of emptiness and become absolute truth, and
    when two and two could have been three as easily as five, if that were what was
    needed.
  1121. utterly
    completely and without qualification
    ’You are thinking,’ he said, ’that since we intend to destroy you utterly, so
    that nothing that you say or do can make the smallest difference — in that case,
    why do we go to the trouble of interrogating you first?
  1122. glorious
    having or deserving or conferring high honor
    He was rolling down a mighty corridor, a kilometre wide, full of glorious,
    golden light, roaring with laughter and shouting out confessions at the top of
    his voice.
  1123. destruction
    an event that completely ruins something
    It needs an act of self-destruction, an
    effort of the will.
  1124. besides
    in addition
    Besides, his memories were not continuous.
  1125. secret
    not openly made known
    He confessed to the assassination of
    eminent Party members, the distribution of seditious pamphlets, embezzlement
    of public funds, sale of military secrets, sabotage of every kind.
  1126. seeing
    having vision, not blind
    ’How can I help seeing what is in front
    of my eyes?
  1127. person
    a human being
    O’Brien was a person who
    could be talked to.
  1128. shot
    the act of firing a projectile
    The needle of the dial had shot up to
    fifty-five.
  1129. seldom
    not often
    I have seldom seen anyone come over to us so promptly.
  1130. once
    on one occasion
    And once — Winston could not remember whether it was
    in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep, or even in a moment of wakefulness — a
    voice murmured in his ear: ’Don’t worry, Winston; you are in my keeping.
  1131. starting
    appropriate to the beginning or start of an event
    He was starting up from the plank bed in the half-certainty that he had
    heard O’Brien’s voice.
  1132. history
    a record or narrative description of past events
    He was relating the entire history of his life
    to an audience who knew it already.
  1133. contained
    gotten under control
    His mind contained Winston’s mind.
  1134. large
    above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude
    The eyes grew larger and more luminous.
  1135. mean
    denote or connote
    ’Until
    this moment you had never considered what is meant by existence.
  1136. half
    one of two equal parts of a divisible whole
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  1137. object
    a tangible and visible entity
    Is there somewhere or
    other a place, a world of solid objects, where the past is still happening?’
  1138. numbers
    an illegal daily lottery
    ’You can see that the numbers on this dial
    run up to a hundred.
  1139. conscious
    having awareness of surroundings and sensations and thoughts
    ’I am conscious of my own identity.
  1140. old
    having lived for a long time or attained a specific age
    He was older than Winston
    had thought him; he was perhaps forty-eight or fifty.
  1141. charged
    of a particle or body or system
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  1142. More
    English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state
    More than ever he had the
    air of a teacher taking pains with a wayward but promising child.
  1143. slowly
    without speed
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  1144. innocent
    free from sin
    You pretended that you had seen a piece of
    paper which proved them innocent.
  1145. the true
    conformity to reality or actuality
    He not only did not know whether ’yes’ or ’no’ was the answer
    that would save him from pain; he did not even know which answer he believed
    to be the true one.
  1146. stick
    a long thin implement resembling a length of wood
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  1147. failure
    an act that does not succeed
    It was a failure.
  1148. up to
    busy or occupied with
    ’You can see that the numbers on this dial
    run up to a hundred.
  1149. bare
    lacking its natural or customary covering
    Everything was all right, there was no more pain, the last detail
    of his life was laid bare, understood, forgiven.
  1150. free
    able to act at will
    He made
    a desperate, agonizing effort to wrench the top half of his body free.
  1151. coffee
    a beverage consisting of an infusion of ground coffee beans
    He remembered a cell
    with a plank bed, a sort of shelf sticking out from the wall, and a tin washbasin,
    and meals of hot soup and bread and sometimes coffee.
  1152. trip
    miss a step and fall or nearly fall
    Their real weapon was the
    merciless questioning that went on and on, hour after hour, tripping him up,
    laying traps for him, twisting everything that he said, convicting him at every
    step of lies and self-contradiction until he began weeping as much from shame
    as from nervous fatigue Sometimes he would weep half a dozen times in a single
    session.
  1153. ease
    freedom from difficulty or hardship or effort
    This time the pain was only slightly eased.
  1154. another
    an additional or different one
    There were also memories of another kind.
  1155. come back
    go back to something earlier
    The old feeling, that it bottom it did not matter whether
    O’Brien was a friend or an enemy, had come back.
  1156. severe
    very harsh or strict, especially when dealing with others
    O’Brien’s manner became less severe.
  1157. different
    unlike in nature, quality, form, or degree
    He had the impression of swimming up into this room from some quite different
    world, a sort of underwater world far beneath it.
  1158. seven
    the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one
    For
    seven years I have watched over you.
  1159. hardly
    almost not
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  1160. committed
    bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a cause or action
    We are not interested in
    those stupid crimes that you have committed.
  1161. dignity
    the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect
    Before they exposed their victims to public trial,
    they deliberately set themselves to destroy their dignity.
  1162. guilty
    responsible for or chargeable with wrongdoing
    You believed that three men, three one-time Party members named
    Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford men who were executed for treachery and
    sabotage after making the fullest possible confession — were not guilty of the
    142
    crimes they were charged with.
  1163. destroyed
    spoiled or ruined or demolished
    It was another copy of the photograph of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford at
    the party function in New York, which he had chanced upon eleven years ago
    and promptly destroyed.
  1164. a few
    more than one but indefinitely small in number
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  1165. evident
    clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
    You also believe that the nature of reality
    is self-evident.
  1166. organization
    a methodical and orderly manner or approach
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  1167. recognized
    generally approved or compelling recognition
    As his eyes regained their focus he remembered who he was, and where
    he was, and recognized the face that was gazing into his own; but somewhere
    or other there was a large patch of emptiness, as though a piece had been taken
    out of his brain.
  1168. cruel
    able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering
    There were times when it went on and on until the cruel, wicked, unforgivable
    thing seemed to him not that the guards continued to beat him but that he
    could not force hirnself into losing consciousness.
  1169. hole
    an opening into or through something
    There was a memory hole in the opposite wall.
  1170. gas
    state of matter distinguished from solid and liquid states
    We shall turn you into gas and pour you
    into the stratosphere.
  1171. surrounded
    confined on all sides
    He was strapped into a chair surrounded by dials, under dazzling lights.
  1172. prisoner
    a person who is confined
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  1173. steel
    an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon
    Sometimes it was fists, sometimes it was
    truncheons, sometimes it was steel rods, sometimes it was boots.
  1174. gently
    in a gentle manner
    ’You are a slow learner, Winston,’ said O’Brien gently.
  1175. now
    at the present moment
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  1176. of course
    as might be expected
    There was a long
    range of crimes — espionage, sabotage, and the like — to which everyone had
    to confess as a matter of course.
  1177. hidden
    not accessible to view
    O’Brien held up his left hand, its back towards Winston, with the thumb
    hidden and the four fingers extended.
  1178. constant
    uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
    These other questioners saw
    to it that he was in constant slight pain, but it was not chiefly pain that they
    relied on.
  1179. one
    smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
    There
    had been times when consciousness, even the sort of consciousness that one
    has in sleep, had stopped dead and started again after a blank interval.
  1180. all over
    over the entire area
    The sweat had sprung out all over Winston’s body.
  1181. month
    one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year
    Days, weeks, months — I think it is months.’
  1182. either
    also, likewise, as well
    He was in a cell which might have been either dark or light, because he could
    see nothing except a pair of eyes.
  1183. later
    happening at a time subsequent to a reference time
    Later he
    was to realize that all that then happened was merely a preliminary, a routine
    interrogation to which nearly all prisoners were subjected.
  1184. actual
    existing in fact
    In
    some sense that went deeper than friendship, they were intimates: somewhere
    or other, although the actual words might never be spoken, there was a place
    where they could meet and talk.
  1185. kindly
    in a kind manner or out of kindness
    O’Brien
    laid a hand reassuringly, almost kindly, on his.
  1186. cross
    a marking that consists of lines that intersect each other
    Innumerable fingers, like moving trees, were
    still streaming past in either direction, crossing and recrossing.
  1187. few
    a small number of the persons or things being discussed
    Sometimes he was
    beaten till he could hardly stand, then flung like a sack of potatoes on to the
    stone floor of a cell, left to recuperate for a few hours, and then taken out and
    beaten again.
  1188. some
    quantifier
    He was lying on something that felt like a camp bed, except that it was higher
    off the ground and that he was fixed down in some way so that he could not
    move.
  1189. fleet
    group of aircraft operating under the same ownership
    And he did see them, for a fleeting instant, before the scenery of his mind
    changed.
  1190. want
    the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable
    Three more kicks,
    139
    two more kicks, and then I will tell them what they want.’
  1191. blind
    unable to see
    There was
    undoubtedly a blinding flash of light.
  1192. fail
    be unable
    You are here because you have failed in humility, in selfdiscipline.
  1193. flat
    having a surface without a slope; level
    He was almost flat on his back, and unable to move.
  1194. dust
    fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen
    Dust.
  1195. audience
    a gathering of spectators or listeners at a performance
    He was relating the entire history of his life
    to an audience who knew it already.
  1196. copy
    a thing made to be similar or identical to another thing
    It was another copy of the photograph of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford at
    the party function in New York, which he had chanced upon eleven years ago
    and promptly destroyed.
  1197. doctor
    a person who holds Ph.D. degree from an academic institution
    He had the air of a doctor, a teacher, even a priest, anxious to
    explain and persuade rather than to punish.
  1198. murder
    unlawful premeditated killing of a human being
    He confessed that he had murdered his wife, although
    he knew, and his questioners must have known, that his wife was still alive.
  1199. enjoy
    derive or receive pleasure from
    I enjoy talking to you.
  1200. kind of
    to some (great or small) extent
    Near at hand some kind of instrument was
    ticking slowly and regularly.
  1201. mental
    involving the mind or an intellectual process
    You have a vivid mental picture of the vertebrae snapping apart and the spinal
    fluid dripping out of them.
  1202. mine
    excavation from which ores and minerals are extracted
    You have not controlled mine!’
  1203. dance
    taking a series of rhythmical steps in time to music
    Behind his screwed-up eyelids a forest of
    fingers seemed to be moving in a sort of dance, weaving in and out, disappearing
    behind one another and reappearing again.
  1204. dying
    in the process of passing from life or ceasing to be
    Men were dying because
    they would not abandon their true beliefs.
  1205. hair
    a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss
    He remembered
    a surly barber arriving to scrape his chin and crop his hair, and businesslike,
    unsympathetic men in white coats feeling his pulse, tapping his reflexes, turning
    up his eyelids, running harsh fingers over him in search for broken bones, and
    shooting needles into his arm to make him sleep.
  1206. sorrow
    an emotion of great sadness associated with loss
    There was nothing left in them except sorrow for what they had done, and
    love of Big Brother.
  1207. suffer
    undergo or be subjected to
    You suffer from a defective memory.
  1208. nearer
    (comparative of `near' or `close') within a shorter distance
    His large ugly face came nearer, with the eyes a little narrowed.
  1209. nothing
    in no respect; to no degree
    There were other
    times when he started out with the resolve of confessing nothing, when every
    word had to be forced out of him between gasps of pain, and there were times
    when he feebly tried to compromise, when he said to himself: ’I will confess, but
    not yet.
  1210. patient
    enduring trying circumstances with even temper
    When he spoke his voice was gentle
    and patient.
  1211. motion
    the act of changing location from one place to another
    O’Brien motioned with his head to the man in the white coat,
    who had stood immobile throughout the proceedings.
  1212. moreover
    in addition
    Moreover it
    was filled with a sort of exaltation, a lunatic intensity.
  1213. closely
    in a close relation or position in time or space
    The man in the white
    coat bent down and looked closely into Winston’s eyes, felt his pulse, laid an
    ear against his chest, tapped here and there, then he nodded to O’Brien.
  1214. source
    the place where something begins
    He had the feeling that O’Brien was his protector, that the pain
    was something that came from outside, from some other source, and that it was
    O’Brien who would save him from it.
  1215. noise
    sound of any kind
    At this moment there was a devastating explosion, or what seemed like an
    explosion, though it was not certain whether there was any noise.
  1216. older
    advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables)
    He was older than Winston
    had thought him; he was perhaps forty-eight or fifty.
  1217. belief
    any cognitive content held as true
    Men were dying because
    they would not abandon their true beliefs.
  1218. sure
    having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty
    His questioners now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party
    intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles,
    who worked on him in relays over periods which lasted — he thought, he could
    not be sure — ten or twelve hours at a stretch.
  1219. virtue
    the quality of doing what is right
    Even now, I am well aware, you are clinging to your
    disease under the impression that it is a virtue.
  1220. disease
    an impairment of health
    Even now, I am well aware, you are clinging to your
    disease under the impression that it is a virtue.
  1221. burst
    come open suddenly and violently
    At the thought the words burst out of him:
    ’What is in Room 101?’
  1222. empty
    holding or containing nothing
    We shall squeeze you empty, and then we shall fill you with
    ourselves.’
  1223. heart
    the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum
    Winston’s heart sank.
  1224. intelligence
    the ability to comprehend
    If you tell me any lies, or attempt to prevaricate in any way,
    or even fall below your usual level of intelligence, you will cry out with pain,
    instantly.
  1225. falling
    coming down freely under the influence of gravity
    Light that seemed stronger than usual was falling on his face.
  1226. raise
    move upwards
    He raised a finger to the man in the white coat.
  1227. effect
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
    He did not know whether the thing was really happening, or whether
    the effect was electrically produced; but his body was being wrenched out of
    shape, the joints were being slowly torn apart.
  1228. temple
    a place of worship
    Two soft pads, which felt slightly moist, clamped themselves against Winston’s
    temples.
  1229. baby
    a very young mammal
    For a moment
    he clung to O’Brien like a baby, curiously comforted by the heavy arm round
    his shoulders.
  1230. being
    the state or fact of existing
    He confessed that for years he had been in personal touch with Goldstein and
    had been a member of an underground organization which had included almost
    every human being he had ever known.
  1231. priest
    a clergyperson in a Christian church
    He had the air of a doctor, a teacher, even a priest, anxious to
    explain and persuade rather than to punish.
  1232. fact
    a piece of information about events that have occurred
    That is the fact
    that you have got to relearn, Winston.
  1233. bent
    stooped (used of the back and knees)
    The man in the white
    coat bent down and looked closely into Winston’s eyes, felt his pulse, laid an
    ear against his chest, tapped here and there, then he nodded to O’Brien.
  1234. breast
    either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman
    His breast rose and fell a little faster.
  1235. tree
    a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
    Innumerable fingers, like moving trees, were
    still streaming past in either direction, crossing and recrossing.
Created on Thu Sep 08 20:20:35 EDT 2011

Sign up now (it’s free!)

Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, Vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.