academic word list

Peter E. (New Zealand)
averill coxhead's academic word list
494 words 22 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. sector
    a particular aspect of life or activity
  2. available
    obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
  3. financial
    involving fiscal matters
  4. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
  5. individual
    being or characteristic of a single thing or person
  6. specific
    stated explicitly or in detail
  7. principle
    a basic generalization that is accepted as true
  8. estimate
    judge tentatively
  9. method
    a way of doing something, especially a systematic way
  10. data
    a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
  11. research
    a seeking for knowledge
  12. contract
    a binding agreement that is enforceable by law
  13. environment
    the totality of surrounding conditions
  14. export
    sell or transfer abroad
  15. source
    the place where something begins
  16. assessment
    the act of judging a person or situation or event
  17. policy
    a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
  18. identified
    having the identity known or established
  19. create
    bring into existence
  20. derived
    formed or developed from something else; not original
  21. factor
    anything that contributes causally to a result
  22. procedure
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
  23. definition
    a brief explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase
  24. assume
    take to be the case or to be true
  25. theory
    a belief that can guide behavior
  26. benefit
    something that aids or promotes well-being
  27. evidence
    knowledge on which to base belief
  28. established
    brought about or set up or accepted
  29. authority
    the power or right to give orders or make decisions
  30. major
    greater in scope or effect
  31. issue
    an important question that is in dispute and must be settled
  32. labour
    productive work (especially physical work done for wages)
  33. occur
    come to pass
  34. economic
    of or relating to production and management of wealth
  35. involved
    connected by participation or association or use
  36. percent
    a proportion in relation to a whole
  37. interpretation
    the act of expressing something in an artistic performance
  38. consistent
    the same throughout in structure or composition
  39. income
    the amount of money one makes over a period of time
  40. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
  41. legal
    established by or founded upon law or official rules
  42. concept
    an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
  43. formula
    a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
  44. section
    one of several parts or pieces that fit with others
  45. required
    necessary by rule
  46. constitutional
    existing as an essential characteristic
  47. analysis
    abstract separation of something into its various parts
  48. distribution
    the act of spreading or apportioning
  49. function
    what something is used for
  50. area
    a subject of study
  51. approach
    the act of drawing spatially closer to something
  52. role
    the actions and activities assigned to a person or group
  53. legislation
    the act of making or enacting laws
  54. indicate
    designate a place, direction, person, or thing
  55. response
    the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange
  56. period
    an amount of time
  57. context
    the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation
  58. significant
    rich in implication
  59. similar
    having the same or nearly the same characteristics
  60. community
    a group of people living in a particular local area
  61. resident
    someone who lives at a particular place for a long period
  62. range
    a variety of different things or activities
  63. construction
    the act of building something
  64. strategy
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
  65. elements
    violent or severe weather
  66. previous
    just preceding something else in time or order
  67. conclusion
    a position or opinion reached after consideration
  68. security
    the state of being free from danger or injury
  69. aspect
    a characteristic to be considered
  70. acquisition
    something gained
  71. feature
    a prominent attribute or aspect of something
  72. text
    the words of something written
  73. commission
    the act of granting authority to undertake certain functions
  74. regulation
    an authoritative rule
  75. computer
    a machine for performing calculations automatically
  76. item
    a whole individual unit
  77. consumer
    a person who uses goods or services
  78. achieve
    gain with effort
  79. final
    an exam administered at the end of an academic term
  80. positive
    characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance
  81. evaluation
    the act of ascertaining or judging the quality of
  82. assistance
    the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need
  83. normal
    being approximately average or within certain limits
  84. relevant
    having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
  85. distinction
    a discrimination between things as different
  86. region
    the extended spatial location of something
  87. traditional
    consisting of or derived from a practice of long standing
  88. impact
    the striking of one body against another
  89. consequence
    the outcome of an event
  90. chapter
    a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled
  91. equation
    a mathematical statement that two expressions are the same
  92. appropriate
    suitable for a particular person, place, or situation
  93. participation
    the act of sharing in the activities of a group
  94. survey
    determining opinions by interviewing people
  95. potential
    existing in possibility
  96. cultural
    relating to the shared knowledge and values of a society
  97. transfer
    move from one place to another
  98. select
    pick out or choose from a number of alternatives
  99. credit
    an estimate of ability to fulfill financial commitments
  100. affect
    have an influence upon
  101. category
    a collection of things sharing a common attribute
  102. perceived
    detected by instinct or inference
  103. sought
    that is looked for
  104. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
  105. purchase
    acquire by means of a financial transaction
  106. injury
    physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident
  107. site
    the piece of land on which something is located
  108. journal
    a daily written record of experiences and observations
  109. primary
    of first rank or importance or value
  110. complex
    complicated in structure
  111. institute
    set up or lay the groundwork for
  112. investment
    laying out money or capital in an enterprise
  113. administration
    the act of governing or exercising authority
  114. maintenance
    activity involved in keeping something in good working order
  115. design
    the act of working out the form of something
  116. obtain
    come into possession of
  117. restricted
    subject to an act of limitation
  118. conduct
    the way a person behaves toward other people
  119. comment
    a statement that expresses a personal opinion
  120. convention
    the act of meeting formally
  121. published
    prepared and printed for distribution and sale
  122. framework
    the underlying structure
  123. imply
    express or state indirectly
  124. negative
    characterized by denial or opposition or resistance
  125. dominant
    most frequent or common
  126. illustrate
    depict with a visual representation
  127. outcome
    something that results
  128. constant
    uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
  129. shift
    move very slightly
  130. deduction
    the act of removing a part from the whole
  131. ensure
    make certain of
  132. specified
    clearly and explicitly stated
  133. justification
    the act of defending or explaining by reasoning
  134. funds
    assets in the form of money
  135. reliance
    the state of depending on something
  136. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
  137. partnership
    a cooperative relationship between people or groups
  138. location
    the act of putting something in a certain place
  139. link
    connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces
  140. coordination
    regulation of diverse elements into a harmonious operation
  141. alternative
    one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
  142. initial
    occurring at the beginning
  143. validity
    the quality of being legitimate and rigorous
  144. task
    any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
  145. technique
    a practical method or art applied to some particular task
  146. exclude
    prevent from entering; shut out
  147. consent
    give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to
  148. proportion
    relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
  149. demonstrate
    give an exhibition of to an interested audience
  150. reaction
    an idea evoked by some experience
  151. criterion
    a basis for comparison
    plural is criteria.
  152. minority
    a group of people who differ from a larger group
  153. technology
    the practical application of science to commerce or industry
  154. philosophy
    the rational investigation of existence and knowledge
  155. removed
    separate or apart in time, space, or character
  156. sex
    one of two categories into which most organisms are divided
  157. compensation
    the act of making amends for service, loss, or injury
  158. sequence
    a following of one thing after another in time
  159. corresponding
    similar especially in position or purpose
  160. maximum
    the greatest or most complete or best possible
  161. circumstances
    one's overall condition in life
  162. instance
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
  163. considerable
    large in number, amount, extent, or degree
  164. sufficient
    of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement
  165. corporate
    of or belonging to a business firm
  166. interaction
    mutual or reciprocal dealings or influence
  167. contribution
    a voluntary gift made to some worthwhile cause
  168. immigration
    movement of people into a country or area
  169. component
    one of the individual parts making up a larger entity
  170. constraint
    the state of being physically limited
    also used to mean other limits, such as financial constraint.
  171. technical
    of or relating to aptitude in a practical skill
  172. emphasis
    intensity or forcefulness of expression
  173. scheme
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
  174. layer
    a single thickness of some substance or material
  175. volume
    the property of something that is great in magnitude
  176. document
    a representation of a person's thinking with symbolic marks
  177. registered
    listed or recorded officially
  178. core
    the center of an object
  179. overall
    involving only main features
  180. emerge
    become known or apparent
  181. regime
    the governing authority of a political unit
  182. implementation
    the act of providing a means for accomplishing something
  183. project
    a planned undertaking
  184. hence
    from that fact or reason or as a result
  185. occupational
    relating to an activity or job for which you are trained
  186. internal
    located inward
  187. goal
    the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve
  188. retained
    continued in your keeping or use or memory
  189. sum
    a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers
  190. integration
    the act of combining into a whole
  191. mechanism
    device consisting of a piece of machinery
  192. parallel
    being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting
  193. imposed
    set forth authoritatively as obligatory
  194. despite
    contemptuous disregard
  195. job
    a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty
  196. parameter
    any factor defining a system and determining its performance
  197. approximate
    not quite exact or correct
  198. label
    a brief description given for purposes of identification
  199. concentration
    the spatial property of being crowded together
  200. principal
    main or most important
  201. series
    similar things placed in order or one after another
  202. predict
    make a guess about what will happen in the future
  203. summary
    a brief statement that presents the main points
  204. attitude
    a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings
  205. undertake
    enter upon an activity or enterprise
  206. cycle
    a periodically repeated sequence of events
  207. communication
    the activity of conveying information
  208. ethnic
    distinctive of the ways of living of a group of people
  209. hypothesis
    a tentative insight that is not yet verified or tested
  210. professional
    of or relating to or suitable as an occupation
  211. status
    the condition or someone or something at a particular time
  212. conference
    a prearranged meeting for consultation or discussion
  213. attribute
    a quality belonging to or characteristic of an entity
  214. annual
    occurring every year
  215. obvious
    easily perceived by the senses or grasped by the mind
  216. error
    a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance
  217. implication
    a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred
    to infer is to work out what something means.
  218. apparent
    clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
  219. commitment
    the act of binding yourself to a course of action
  220. subsequent
    following in time or order
  221. debate
    a discussion with reasons for and against some proposal
  222. dimension
    the magnitude of something in a particular direction
  223. promote
    assign to a higher position
  224. statistics
    a branch of mathematics concerned with quantitative data
  225. option
    one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
  226. domestic
    of or relating to the home
  227. output
    production of a certain amount
  228. access
    the right to enter
  229. code
    a set of rules or principles or laws
  230. investigation
    an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities
  231. phase
    any distinct time period in a sequence of events
  232. prior
    earlier in time
  233. granted
    acknowledged as a supposition
  234. stress
    special emphasis attached to something
  235. civil
    of or occurring between or among citizens of the state
  236. contrast
    the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared
  237. resolution
    a decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner
  238. adequate
    having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
  239. alter
    cause to change; make different
  240. stability
    the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
  241. energy
    forceful exertion
  242. aware
    having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization
  243. licence
    a legal document giving official permission to do something
  244. enforcement
    ensuring observance of or obedience to
  245. draft
    a current of air
  246. style
    how something is done or how it happens
  247. precise
    sharply exact or accurate or delimited
  248. medical
    relating to the study or practice of medicine
  249. pursue
    follow in an effort to capture
  250. symbolic
    relating to or using arbitrary signs
  251. marginal
    at or constituting a border or edge
  252. capacity
    capability to perform or produce
  253. generation
    group of genetically related organisms in a line of descent
  254. exposure
    the state of being exposed to harm
  255. decline
    grow worse
  256. academic
    associated with an educational institution
  257. modified
    changed in form or character
  258. external
    happening or arising outside some limits or surface
  259. psychology
    the science of mental life
  260. fundamental
    serving as an essential component
  261. adjustment
    the act of making something different
  262. ratio
    relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
  263. enable
    provide the means to perform some task
  264. version
    something a little different from others of the same type
  265. perspective
    a way of regarding situations or topics
  266. contact
    the act of touching physically
  267. network
    an open fabric woven together at regular intervals
  268. facilitate
    make easier
  269. welfare
    something that aids or promotes well-being
  270. transition
    the act of passing from one state or place to the next
  271. amendment
    a statement that is added to a proposal or document
  272. logic
    the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference
  273. rejected
    rebuffed (by a lover) without warning
  274. expansion
    the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope
  275. clause
    a separate section of a legal document
  276. prime
    of or relating to the first or originating agent
  277. target
    a reference point to shoot at
  278. objective
    the goal intended to be attained
  279. sustainable
    capable of being prolonged
  280. equivalent
    being essentially comparable to something
  281. liberal
    showing or characterized by broad-mindedness
  282. notion
    a general inclusive concept
  283. substitution
    putting one thing or person in the place of another
  284. generate
    bring into existence
  285. trend
    a general tendency to change, as of opinion
  286. revenue
    the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
  287. compound
    a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
  288. evolution
    sequence of events involved in the development of a species
  289. conflict
    an open clash between two opposing groups
  290. image
    a visual representation produced on a surface
  291. discretion
    power of making choices unconstrained by external agencies
  292. entity
    that which is perceived to have its own distinct existence
  293. orientation
    the act of determining one's position
  294. consultation
    the act of referring to something to find information
  295. mental
    involving the mind or an intellectual process
  296. monitoring
    the act of observing something
  297. challenge
    a call to engage in a contest or fight
  298. intelligence
    the ability to comprehend
  299. transformation
    the act of changing in form or shape or appearance
  300. presumption
    a premise that is taken for granted
  301. acknowledged
    recognized or made known or admitted
  302. utility
    the quality of being of practical use
  303. furthermore
    in addition
  304. accurate
    characterized by perfect conformity to fact or truth
  305. diversity
    noticeable variety
  306. attached
    being joined in close association
  307. recovery
    return to an original state
  308. assigned
    appointed to a post or duty
  309. motivation
    psychological feature arousing action toward a desired goal
  310. bond
    a connection that fastens things together
    also fig, as in, the two sisters had a close bond.
  311. edition
    the form in which a text is published
  312. nevertheless
    despite anything to the contrary
  313. transport
    move something or somebody around
  314. cite
    make reference to
  315. fee
    a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services
  316. scope
    the state of the environment in which a situation exists
  317. enhanced
    increased or intensified in value or beauty or quality
  318. incorporated
    formed or united into a whole
  319. instructions
    a manual explaining how to install or operate a device
  320. subsidiary
    functioning in a supporting capacity
  321. input
    signal going into an electronic system
  322. abstract
    existing only in the mind
  323. ministry
    the work of a person authorized to conduct religious worship
  324. capable
    having ability
  325. expert
    a person with special knowledge who performs skillfully
  326. preceding
    existing or coming before
  327. display
    something intended to communicate a particular impression
  328. incentive
    a positive motivational influence
  329. inhibition
    the action of forbidding
  330. trace
    an indication that something has been present
  331. ignored
    disregarded
  332. incidence
    the relative frequency of occurrence of something
  333. estate
    extensive landed property retained by the owner
  334. cooperative
    involving the joint activity of two or more
  335. reveal
    make visible
  336. index
    alphabetical listing of names and topics with page numbers
  337. lecture
    a speech that is open to the public
  338. discrimination
    unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice
  339. overseas
    beyond or across the ocean
  340. explicit
    precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable
  341. aggregate
    a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together
  342. gender
    properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of sex
  343. underlying
    in the nature of something though not readily apparent
  344. brief
    of short duration or distance
  345. domain
    a particular environment or walk of life
  346. rational
    consistent with or based on or using reason
  347. minimum
    the smallest possible quantity
  348. interval
    the distance between things
  349. neutral
    having no personal preference
  350. migration
    the movement of persons from one locality to another
  351. flexibility
    the property of being easily bent or shaped
  352. federal
    of a government with central and regional authorities
  353. author
    a person who writes professionally
  354. initiative
    the first of a series of actions
  355. allocation
    the act of distributing or apportioning according to a plan
  356. exceed
    be or do something to a greater degree
  357. intervention
    the act of putting something between two things
  358. confirmed
    having been established or made firm or received the rite of confirmation
  359. definite
    precise; explicit and clearly defined
  360. classical
    of the most highly developed stage of an early civilization
  361. chemical
    produced by reactions involving atomic or molecular changes
  362. voluntary
    of your own free will or design
  363. release
    grant freedom to; free from confinement
  364. visible
    capable of being seen or open to easy view
  365. finite
    bounded in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent
  366. publication
    the act of issuing printed materials
  367. channel
    a deep and relatively narrow body of water
  368. file
    record in a public office or in a court of law
  369. thesis
    an unproved statement advanced as a premise in an argument
  370. equipment
    an instrumentality needed for an undertaking
  371. disposal
    the act or means of getting rid of something
  372. solely
    without any others being included or involved
  373. deny
    declare untrue; contradict
  374. identical
    being the exact same one
  375. submit
    hand over formally
  376. grade
    a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
  377. phenomenon
    any state or process known through the senses
  378. paradigm
    a standard or typical example
  379. ultimately
    as the end result of a succession or process
  380. extract
    remove, usually with some force or effort
  381. survive
    continue in existence after
  382. converted
    spiritually reborn
  383. transmission
    communication by means of sent signals
  384. global
    involving the entire earth
  385. infer
    conclude by reasoning
  386. guarantee
    an unconditional commitment that something will happen
  387. advocate
    a person who pleads for a person, cause, or idea
  388. dynamic
    characterized by action or forcefulness of personality
  389. simulation
    the act of imitating the behavior of some situation
  390. topic
    the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
  391. insert
    introduce
  392. reverse
    change to the contrary
  393. decade
    a period of 10 years
  394. comprise
    be made of
  395. hierarchical
    classified by various criteria into successive levels
  396. unique
    the single one of its kind
  397. comprehensive
    including all or everything
  398. couple
    two items of the same kind
  399. mode
    how something is done or how it happens
  400. differentiation
    a discrimination between things as distinct
  401. eliminate
    end, take out, or do away with
  402. priority
    status established in order of importance or urgency
  403. empirical
    derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
  404. ideology
    an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group
  405. somewhat
    to a small degree or extent
  406. aid
    the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need
  407. foundation
    the basis on which something is grounded
  408. adult
    a fully developed person from maturity onward
  409. adaptation
    the process of adjusting or conforming to new conditions
  410. quotation
    a passage or expression that is cited
  411. contrary
    exact opposition
  412. successive
    following in order without gaps
  413. innovation
    the act of starting something for the first time
  414. prohibited
    forbidden by law
  415. isolated
    remote and separate physically or socially
  416. highlight
    move into the foreground to make more visible or prominent
  417. eventually
    after an unspecified period of time or a long delay
  418. inspection
    a formal or official examination
  419. termination
    the act of ending something
  420. displacement
    the act of moving something from its natural environment
  421. arbitrary
    based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
  422. reinforced
    given added strength or support
  423. denote
    have as a meaning
  424. offset
    a compensating equivalent
  425. exploitation
    an act that victimizes someone
  426. detected
    perceived or discerned
  427. abandon
    forsake; leave behind
  428. random
    lacking any definite plan or order or purpose
  429. revision
    the act of altering
  430. virtually
    in essence or in effect but not in fact
  431. uniform
    clothing of distinctive design worn by members of a group
  432. predominantly
    much greater in number or influence
  433. thereby
    by that means or because of that
  434. implicit
    suggested though not directly expressed
  435. tension
    the action of stretching something tight
  436. ambiguous
    having more than one possible meaning
  437. vehicle
    a medium for the expression or achievement of something
  438. clarity
    the quality of being coherent and easily understood
  439. conformity
    correspondence in form, type, or appearance
  440. contemporary
    occurring in the same period of time
  441. automatically
    in a mechanical manner; by a mechanism
  442. accumulation
    a gain or increase in something over time
  443. appendix
    a small sac attached to the large intestines of some animals
  444. widespread
    widely circulated or diffused
  445. infrastructure
    the basic features of a system or organization
  446. deviation
    a variation from the standard or norm
  447. fluctuation
    an instance of change
  448. restore
    bring back into original existence, function, or position
  449. guideline
    a rule that provides direction for appropriate behavior
  450. commodity
    any good that can be bought and sold
  451. minimise
    make small or insignificant
  452. practitioner
    someone who carries out a learned profession
  453. radical
    far beyond the norm
  454. plus
    on the positive side or higher end of a scale
  455. visual
    relating to or using sight
  456. chart
    a visual display of data or information
  457. appreciation
    understanding of the nature or meaning of something
  458. prospect
    the possibility of future success
  459. dramatic
    characteristic of a stage performance
  460. contradiction
    opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas
  461. currency
    the metal or paper medium of exchange that is presently used
  462. inevitably
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
  463. complement
    something added to embellish or make perfect
  464. accompany
    go or travel along with
  465. paragraph
    one of several distinct subdivisions of a text
  466. induced
    brought about or caused; not spontaneous
  467. schedule
    a list of times at which things are planned to occur
  468. intensity
    high level or degree
  469. crucial
    of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
  470. exhibit
    make visible or apparent
  471. bias
    a partiality preventing objective consideration of an issue
  472. manipulation
    exerting shrewd or devious influence for one's own advantage
  473. theme
    the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
  474. nuclear
    constituting the core or central part
  475. bulk
    the property possessed by a large mass
  476. behalf
    as the agent of or on someone's part
  477. unified
    formed or joined into a whole
  478. commence
    set in motion, cause to start
  479. erosion
    the process of wearing or grinding something down
  480. anticipated
    expected hopefully
  481. minimal
    the least possible
  482. cease
    end
  483. vision
    the ability to see
  484. mutual
    common to or shared by two or more parties
  485. norm
    a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical
  486. intermediate
    lying between two extremes in time, space, or state
  487. manual
    of or relating to the hands
  488. supplementary
    functioning in a supporting capacity
  489. incompatible
    not in harmonious or agreeable combination
  490. concurrent
    occurring or operating at the same time
  491. ethical
    conforming to accepted standards of social behavior
  492. preliminary
    preceding or in preparation for something more important
  493. integral
    existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
  494. conversely
    with the terms of the relation reversed
Created on Mon Apr 15 04:01:07 EDT 2013 (updated Mon Apr 15 04:33:19 EDT 2013)

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