types:
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stratum
one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)
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asthenosphere
the lower layer of the crust
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chromosphere
a gaseous layer of the sun's atmosphere (extending from the photosphere to the corona) that is visible during a total eclipse of the sun
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Earth's crust, crust
the outer layer of the Earth
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exosphere
the outermost atmospheric layer
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hydrosphere
the watery layer of the earth's surface; includes water vapor
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geosphere, lithosphere
the solid part of the Earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle
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lower mantle
the deeper part of the mantle
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mantle
the layer of the earth between the crust and the core
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mesosphere
the atmospheric layer between the stratosphere and the thermosphere
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ozone layer, ozonosphere
a layer in the stratosphere (at approximately 20 miles) that contains a concentration of ozone sufficient to block most ultraviolet radiation from the sun
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stratosphere
the atmospheric layer between the troposphere and the mesosphere
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Earth's surface, surface
the outermost level of the land or sea
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thermosphere
the atmospheric layer between the mesosphere and the exosphere
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tropopause
the region of discontinuity between the troposphere and the stratosphere
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troposphere
the lowest atmospheric layer; from 4 to 11 miles high (depending on latitude)
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upper mantle
the upper part of the mantle
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cell wall
a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier
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snow
a layer of snowflakes (white crystals of frozen water) covering the ground
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cuticle, epidermis
the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates
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corneum, horny layer, stratum corneum
the outermost layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells that slough off
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stratum lucidum
the layer of epidermis immediately under the stratum corneum in the skin of the palms and soles
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stratum granulosum
the layer of epidermis just under the stratum corneum or (on the palms and soles) just under the stratum lucidum; contains cells (with visible granules) that die and move to the surface
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malpighian layer, rete Malpighii, stratum basale, stratum germinativum
the innermost layer of the epidermis
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corium, derma, dermis
the deep vascular inner layer of the skin
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cambium
the inner layer of the periosteum
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paries, wall
(anatomy) a layer (a lining or membrane) that encloses a structure
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substrate, substratum
any stratum or layer lying underneath another
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superstrate, superstratum
any stratum or layer superimposed on another
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horizon
a specific layer or stratum of soil or subsoil in a vertical cross section of land
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bed, seam
a stratum of ore or coal thick enough to be mined with profit
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bed
(geology) a stratum of rock (especially sedimentary rock)
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floor
the bottom surface of any lake or other body of water
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floor
the lower inside surface of any hollow structure
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horst
a ridge of the earth's crust that has been forced upward between two faults and so is higher than the surrounding land
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crustal plate, plate
a rigid layer of the Earth's crust that is believed to drift slowly
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corn snow
granular snow formed by alternate thawing and freezing
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crud
heavy wet snow that is unsuitable for skiing