Focus on Vocabulary 2

میر ا. (Iran)
#Focus on Vocabulary 2: Mastering the Academic Word List
#Pearson Book
#PTE
#IELTS Vocabulary
500 words 78 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. abandon
    forsake; leave behind
  2. abstract
    existing only in the mind
  3. access
    the right to enter
  4. accommodate
    have room for; hold without crowding
  5. accompany
    go or travel along with
  6. accumulate
    get or gather together
  7. accuracy
    the quality of being near to the true value
  8. achieve
    gain with effort
  9. acknowledge
    declare to be true or admit the existence or reality of
  10. acquire
    come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
  11. adapt
    make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
  12. adequate
    having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
  13. adjacent
    having a common boundary or edge
  14. adjustment
    the act of making something different
  15. administrative
    responsible for managing the affairs of a group of people
  16. advocate
    a person who pleads for a person, cause, or idea
  17. affect
    have an influence upon
  18. aggregate
    a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together
  19. aid
    the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need
  20. allocate
    distribute according to a plan or set apart for a purpose
  21. alter
    cause to change; make different
  22. alternative
    one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
  23. ambiguous
    having more than one possible meaning
  24. amend
    make revisions to
  25. analogy
    drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity
  26. analytic
    using or skilled in using analysis
  27. annual
    occurring every year
  28. anticipate
    regard something as probable or likely
  29. apparent
    clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
  30. appendix
    a small sac attached to the large intestines of some animals
  31. appreciate
    be fully aware of; realize fully
  32. approach
    move towards
  33. appropriate
    suitable for a particular person, place, or situation
  34. approximately
    imprecise but fairly close to correct
  35. arbitrary
    based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
  36. aspect
    a characteristic to be considered
  37. assemble
    create by putting components or members together
  38. assess
    estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
  39. assign
    select something or someone for a specific purpose
  40. assistance
    the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need
  41. assume
    take to be the case or to be true
  42. assure
    inform positively and with certainty and confidence
  43. attachment
    the act of affixing something
  44. attain
    gain with effort
  45. attitude
    a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings
  46. attribute
    a quality belonging to or characteristic of an entity
  47. author
    a person who writes professionally
  48. authority
    the power or right to give orders or make decisions
  49. automatic
    operating with minimal human intervention
  50. available
    obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service
  51. aware
    having or showing knowledge or understanding or realization
  52. B
    the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet
  53. behalf
    as the agent of or on someone's part
  54. benefit
    something that aids or promotes well-being
  55. bias
    a partiality preventing objective consideration of an issue
  56. bond
    a connection that fastens things together
  57. brief
    of short duration or distance
  58. bulk
    the property possessed by a large mass
  59. C
    a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature
  60. capable
    having ability
  61. capacity
    capability to perform or produce
  62. category
    a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations
  63. cease
    put an end to a state or an activity
  64. challenge
    a call to engage in a contest or fight
  65. channel
    a deep and relatively narrow body of water
  66. chart
    a visual display of data or information
  67. chemical
    produced by reactions involving atomic or molecular changes
  68. circumstance
    the set of facts that surround a situation or event
  69. cite
    make reference to
  70. civil
    of or occurring between or among citizens of the state
  71. clarify
    make clear by removing impurities or solids, as by heating
  72. classical
    of the most highly developed stage of an early civilization
  73. clause
    a separate section of a legal document
  74. code
    a set of rules or principles or laws
  75. coherent
    marked by an orderly and consistent relation of parts
  76. coincide
    happen simultaneously
  77. collapse
    break down, literally or metaphorically
  78. colleague
    an associate that one works with
  79. commence
    set in motion, cause to start
  80. commentary
    a written explanation or criticism or illustration
  81. committed
    bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a cause or action
  82. commodity
    any good that can be bought and sold
  83. compatible
    able to exist and perform in harmonious combination
  84. compensate
    make amends for
  85. compile
    get or gather together
  86. complement
    something added to embellish or make perfect
  87. complex
    complicated in structure
  88. component
    one of the individual parts making up a larger entity
  89. compound
    a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
  90. comprehensive
    including all or everything
  91. comprise
    be made of
  92. compute
    make a mathematical calculation
  93. conceive
    have the idea for
  94. concentration
    the spatial property of being crowded together
  95. concept
    an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
  96. conclude
    bring to a close
  97. concurrent
    occurring or operating at the same time
  98. conduct
    the way a person behaves toward other people
  99. confer
    present
  100. confine
    place limits on
  101. confirm
    strengthen
  102. conflict
    an open clash between two opposing groups
  103. conform
    be similar, be in line with
  104. consent
    give an affirmative reply to; respond favorably to
  105. consequence
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
  106. considerable
    large in number, amount, extent, or degree
  107. consist
    have its essential character
  108. consistent
    the same throughout in structure or composition
  109. constant
    uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing
  110. constitute
    form or compose
  111. constraint
    the state of being physically limited
  112. construct
    make by combining materials and parts
  113. consultation
    the act of referring to something to find information
  114. consume
    take in as food
  115. contact
    the act of touching physically
  116. contemporary
    occurring in the same period of time
  117. context
    the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation
  118. contracted
    reduced in size or pulled together
  119. contradictory
    not able to be true at the same time
  120. contrary
    exact opposition
  121. contrast
    the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared
  122. contribute
    give, provide, or supply something
  123. controversial
    marked by or capable of causing disagreement
  124. conventional
    following accepted customs and proprieties
  125. conversely
    with the terms of the relation reversed
  126. convert
    change the nature, purpose, or function of something
  127. convinced
    having a strong belief or conviction
  128. cooperate
    work together on a common enterprise or project
  129. coordinate
    of equal importance, rank, or degree
  130. core
    the center of an object
  131. corporate
    of or belonging to a business firm
  132. correspond
    take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to
  133. credit
    an estimate of ability to fulfill financial commitments
  134. criterion
    the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
  135. crucial
    of extreme importance; vital to the resolution of a crisis
  136. cycle
    a periodically repeated sequence of events
  137. D
    the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet
  138. debate
    a discussion with reasons for and against some proposal
  139. decade
    a period of 10 years
  140. decline
    grow worse
  141. deduce
    reason from the general to the particular
  142. definite
    precise; explicit and clearly defined
  143. demonstrate
    give an exhibition of to an interested audience
  144. denote
    have as a meaning
  145. deny
    declare untrue; contradict
  146. depress
    push down
  147. derive
    come from
  148. design
    the act of working out the form of something
  149. despite
    contemptuous disregard
  150. detect
    discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of
  151. deviation
    a variation from the standard or norm
  152. device
    an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
  153. devote
    dedicate
  154. differentiate
    acquire a distinct character
  155. dimension
    a construct distinguishing objects or individuals
  156. diminish
    decrease in size, extent, or range
  157. discrete
    constituting a separate entity or part
  158. discriminating
    showing or indicating careful judgment and discernment
  159. displace
    cause to move, usually with force or pressure
  160. display
    something intended to communicate a particular impression
  161. dispose
    give, sell, or transfer to another
  162. distinction
    a discrimination between things as different
  163. distorted
    so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly
  164. distribute
    give to several people
  165. diverse
    distinctly dissimilar or unlike
  166. document
    a representation of a person's thinking with symbolic marks
  167. domain
    a particular environment or walk of life
  168. domestic
    of or relating to the home
  169. dominance
    the power or right to give orders or make decisions
  170. draft
    a current of air
  171. drama
    a work intended for performance by actors on a stage
  172. duration
    the period of time during which something continues
  173. dynamics
    mechanics concerned with forces that cause motions of bodies
  174. E
    the 5th letter of the Roman alphabet
  175. element
    a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances
  176. eliminate
    end, take out, or do away with
  177. emerge
    come out into view, as from concealment
  178. emphasis
    intensity or forcefulness of expression
  179. empirical
    derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
  180. enable
    provide the means to perform some task
  181. encounter
    come together
  182. enforce
    compel to behave in a certain way
  183. enhanced
    increased or intensified in value or beauty or quality
  184. enormous
    extraordinarily large in size or extent or degree
  185. ensure
    make certain of
  186. environment
    the totality of surrounding conditions
  187. equate
    consider or describe as similar or analogous
  188. equipment
    an instrumentality needed for an undertaking
  189. equivalent
    being essentially comparable to something
  190. erode
    remove soil or rock
  191. establish
    set up or found
  192. estimate
    judge tentatively
  193. ethics
    motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
  194. ethnic
    distinctive of the ways of living of a group of people
  195. evaluation
    the act of ascertaining or judging the quality of
  196. eventually
    after an unspecified period of time or a long delay
  197. evidence
    knowledge on which to base belief
  198. evolve
    undergo development
  199. exceed
    be or do something to a greater degree
  200. exclusion
    a deliberate act of omission
  201. exhibition
    the act of displaying or demonstrating
  202. expansion
    the act of increasing in size or volume or quantity or scope
  203. expert
    a person with special knowledge who performs skillfully
  204. explicit
    precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable
  205. exploit
    use or manipulate to one's advantage
  206. export
    sell or transfer abroad
  207. expose
    make visible or apparent
  208. external
    happening or arising outside some limits or surface
  209. extract
    remove, usually with some force or effort
  210. F
    the 6th letter of the Roman alphabet
  211. facilitate
    make easier
  212. factor
    anything that contributes causally to a result
  213. feature
    a prominent attribute or aspect of something
  214. federal
    of a government with central and regional authorities
  215. file
    record in a public office or in a court of law
  216. financial
    involving fiscal matters
  217. finite
    bounded in magnitude or spatial or temporal extent
  218. flexibility
    the property of being easily bent or shaped
  219. fluctuate
    move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern
  220. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
  221. format
    the general appearance of a publication
  222. formula
    a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
  223. forthcoming
    easygoing and open when speaking or sharing information
  224. foundation
    the basis on which something is grounded
  225. framework
    the underlying structure
  226. function
    what something is used for
  227. fundamental
    serving as an essential component
  228. funding
    financial resources provided to make some project possible
  229. furthermore
    in addition
  230. G
    the 7th letter of the Roman alphabet
  231. gender
    properties that distinguish organisms on the basis of sex
  232. generate
    bring into existence
  233. generation
    group of genetically related organisms in a line of descent
  234. global
    involving the entire earth
  235. grade
    a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
  236. grant
    let have
  237. guarantee
    an unconditional commitment that something will happen
  238. guideline
    a rule that provides direction for appropriate behavior
  239. H
    the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet
  240. hence
    from that fact or reason or as a result
  241. hierarchy
    a series of ordered groupings within a system
  242. highlight
    an area of brightness in a picture
  243. hypothesis
    a tentative insight that is not yet verified or tested
  244. identical
    being the exact same one
  245. ideology
    an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group
  246. ignorance
    the lack of knowledge or education
  247. illustrate
    depict with a visual representation
  248. image
    a visual representation produced on a surface
  249. immigrate
    come into a new country and change residency
  250. impact
    the striking of one body against another
  251. implement
    a piece of equipment or a tool used for a specific purpose
  252. implication
    something that is inferred
  253. implicit
    suggested though not directly expressed
  254. imply
    express or state indirectly
  255. imposing
    befitting an important, distinguished, or powerful person
  256. incentive
    a positive motivational influence
  257. incidence
    the relative frequency of occurrence of something
  258. inclination
    the act of bending forward
  259. incorporate
    make into a whole or make part of a whole
  260. index
    alphabetical listing of names and topics with page numbers
  261. indication
    the act of pointing out by name
  262. induce
    cause to act in a specified manner
  263. inevitable
    incapable of being avoided or prevented
  264. infer
    conclude by reasoning
  265. infrastructure
    the basic features of a system or organization
  266. inherent
    existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
  267. inhibited
    held back or restrained or prevented
  268. initially
    at the beginning
  269. initiate
    set in motion, start an event or prepare the way for
  270. injured
    harmed
  271. innovation
    the act of starting something for the first time
  272. input
    signal going into an electronic system
  273. insert
    introduce
  274. insight
    clear or deep perception of a situation
  275. inspect
    look over carefully
  276. instance
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
  277. institute
    set up or lay the groundwork for
  278. integral
    existing as an essential constituent or characteristic
  279. integration
    the act of combining into a whole
  280. integrity
    an undivided or unbroken completeness with nothing wanting
  281. intelligence
    the ability to comprehend
  282. intensity
    high level or degree
  283. interact
    do something together or with others
  284. internal
    located inward
  285. interpret
    make sense of; assign a meaning to
  286. interval
    the distance between things
  287. intervene
    be placed or located between other things
  288. intrinsic
    belonging to a thing by its very nature
  289. investigation
    an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities
  290. investment
    laying out money or capital in an enterprise
  291. invoke
    request earnestly; ask for aid or protection
  292. involve
    contain as a part
  293. irrelevant
    having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
  294. isolation
    the act of setting something apart from others
  295. issue
    some situation or event that is thought about
  296. item
    a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group
  297. J
    the 10th letter of the Roman alphabet
  298. journal
    a daily written record of experiences and observations
  299. justify
    show to be right by providing proof
  300. L
    the 12th letter of the Roman alphabet
  301. label
    a brief description given for purposes of identification
  302. labor
    any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
  303. layer
    a single thickness of some substance or material
  304. legislation
    the act of making or enacting laws
  305. levy
    impose and collect
  306. liberal
    showing or characterized by broad-mindedness
  307. license
    a legal document giving official permission to do something
  308. likewise
    in a similar manner
  309. locate
    determine the place of by searching or examining
  310. logical
    based on known statements or events or conditions
  311. M
    the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet
  312. maintain
    keep in a certain state, position, or activity
  313. manipulate
    influence or control shrewdly or deviously
  314. margin
    the boundary line or area immediately inside the boundary
  315. mature
    having reached full natural growth or development
  316. maximum
    the greatest or most complete or best possible
  317. mechanism
    device consisting of a piece of machinery
  318. medium
    the surrounding environment
  319. mediate
    act between parties with a view to reconciling differences
  320. medicine
    the profession devoted to alleviating diseases and injuries
  321. mental
    involving the mind or an intellectual process
  322. method
    a way of doing something, especially a systematic way
  323. migrate
    move from one country or region to another and settle there
  324. military
    the armed forces of a nation
  325. minimal
    the least possible
  326. minimize
    make small or insignificant
  327. ministry
    the work of a person authorized to conduct religious worship
  328. minority
    being or relating to the smaller in number of two parts
  329. mode
    how something is done or how it happens
  330. modify
    cause to change; make different
  331. monitor
    someone who observes to ensure fairness or prevent mistakes
  332. motivate
    give an incentive for action
  333. mutually
    in a shared manner
  334. N
    the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet
  335. negative
    characterized by denial or opposition or resistance
  336. network
    an open fabric woven together at regular intervals
  337. neutral
    having no personal preference
  338. nevertheless
    despite anything to the contrary
  339. nonetheless
    despite anything to the contrary
  340. norm
    a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical
  341. notion
    a general inclusive concept
  342. notwithstanding
    despite anything to the contrary
  343. nuclear
    constituting the core or central part
  344. objective
    the goal intended to be attained
  345. obtain
    come into possession of
  346. obviously
    unmistakably
  347. occupation
    the principal activity in one's life to earn money
  348. occur
    come to pass
  349. oddness
    eccentricity that is not easily explained
  350. offset
    a compensating equivalent
  351. ongoing
    currently happening
  352. option
    one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
  353. orient
    the eastern hemisphere
  354. outcome
    something that results
  355. output
    production of a certain amount
  356. overall
    involving only main features
  357. overlap
    extend over and cover a part of
  358. p
    the 16th letter of the Roman alphabet
  359. paradigm
    a standard or typical example
  360. parallel
    being everywhere equidistant and not intersecting
  361. parameter
    a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied
  362. participant
    someone who is involved in an activity
  363. passive
    lacking in energy or will
  364. percent
    a proportion in relation to a whole
  365. period
    an amount of time
  366. persist
    refuse to stop
  367. perspective
    a way of regarding situations or topics
  368. phase
    any distinct time period in a sequence of events
  369. phenomenon
    any state or process known through the senses
  370. philosophy
    the rational investigation of existence and knowledge
  371. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
  372. policy
    a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
  373. portion
    something determined in relation to a thing that includes it
  374. pose
    assume a bearing as for artistic purposes
  375. positive
    characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance
  376. potential
    existing in possibility
  377. practitioner
    someone who carries out a learned profession
  378. preceding
    existing or coming before
  379. precise
    sharply exact or accurate or delimited
  380. predict
    make a guess about what will happen in the future
  381. predominate
    be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance
  382. preliminary
    preceding or in preparation for something more important
  383. presumably
    by reasonable assumption
  384. previously
    at an earlier time or formerly
  385. primary
    of first rank or importance or value
  386. prime
    of or relating to the first or originating agent
  387. principal
    main or most important
  388. principle
    a basic generalization that is accepted as true
  389. prior
    earlier in time
  390. prioritize
    assign a status in order of importance or urgency
  391. proceed
    move ahead; travel onward in time or space
  392. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
  393. prohibitive
    tending to discourage, especially of prices
  394. promote
    assign to a higher position
  395. proportion
    relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
  396. prospect
    the possibility of future success
  397. protocol
    forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by officials
  398. psychologist
    a specialist in the science of mental life
  399. publish
    prepare and issue for public distribution or sale
  400. purchase
    acquire by means of a financial transaction
  401. pursue
    follow in an effort to capture
  402. Q
    the 17th letter of the Roman alphabet
  403. qualitative
    involving distinguishing attributes
  404. quote
    repeat a passage from
  405. R
    the 18th letter of the Roman alphabet
  406. radical
    far beyond the norm
  407. random
    lacking any definite plan or order or purpose
  408. range
    a variety of different things or activities
  409. ratio
    relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
  410. rational
    consistent with or based on or using reason
  411. react
    show a response to something
  412. recovery
    return to an original state
  413. refine
    reduce to a pure state
  414. region
    the extended spatial location of something
  415. registration
    the act of registering for something
  416. regulate
    bring into conformity with rules, principles, or usage
  417. reinforce
    strengthen and support
  418. rejection
    the act of turning something down
  419. release
    grant freedom to; free from confinement
  420. reluctance
    a certain degree of unwillingness
  421. rely
    have confidence or faith in
  422. residential
    of or relating to the act of dwelling in a place
  423. resolution
    a decision to do something or to behave in a certain manner
  424. resource
    aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed
  425. response
    the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange
  426. restore
    bring back into original existence, function, or position
  427. restrain
    hold back
  428. restrict
    limit access to
  429. retain
    secure and keep for possible future use or application
  430. reveal
    make visible
  431. revenue
    the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
  432. reverse
    change to the contrary
  433. revise
    make changes to
  434. revolution
    a single complete turn
  435. rigid
    incapable of or resistant to bending
  436. route
    an established line of travel or access
  437. s
    1/60 of a minute
  438. scenario
    a postulated sequence of possible events
  439. scheme
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
  440. scope
    the state of the environment in which a situation exists
  441. sector
    a particular aspect of life or activity
  442. secure
    free from danger or risk
  443. seek
    try to locate, discover, or establish the existence of
  444. selection
    the act of choosing
  445. sequence
    a following of one thing after another in time
  446. series
    similar things placed in order or one after another
  447. shift
    move very slightly
  448. significant
    rich in implication
  449. simulate
    reproduce someone's behavior or looks
  450. site
    the piece of land on which something is located
  451. sole
    the underside of the foot
  452. somewhat
    to a small degree or extent
  453. source
    the place where something begins
  454. specify
    be particular about
  455. spherical
    relating to a round, three-dimensional closed surface
  456. stability
    the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
  457. statistics
    a branch of mathematics concerned with quantitative data
  458. status
    the condition or someone or something at a particular time
  459. straightforward
    pointed directly ahead
  460. strategy
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
  461. stressful
    extremely irritating to the nerves
  462. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
  463. style
    how something is done or how it happens
  464. submit
    yield to the control of another
  465. subordinate
    an assistant subject to the authority or control of another
  466. subsequent
    following in time or order
  467. subsidy
    a grant of financial assistance, especially by a government
  468. substitute
    a person or thing that can take the place of another
  469. successive
    following in order without gaps
  470. sufficient
    of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement
  471. summarize
    briefly present the main points of something
  472. supplement
    an additional component that improves capability
  473. survey
    determining opinions by interviewing people
  474. survive
    continue in existence after
  475. suspend
    bar temporarily
  476. sustain
    lengthen or extend in duration or space
  477. symbol
    something visible that represents something invisible
  478. T
    the 20th letter of the Roman alphabet
  479. technical
    of or relating to aptitude in a practical skill
  480. temporarily
    for a limited time only; not permanently
  481. tense
    taut or rigid; stretched tight
  482. terminate
    bring to an end or halt
  483. theme
    the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
  484. theory
    a belief that can guide behavior
  485. thereby
    by that means or because of that
  486. trace
    an indication that something has been present
  487. traditional
    consisting of or derived from a practice of long standing
  488. transfer
    move from one place to another
  489. transform
    change or alter in appearance or nature
  490. transition
    the act of passing from one state or place to the next
  491. transmit
    send from one person or place to another
  492. transport
    move something or somebody around
  493. trend
    a general tendency to change, as of opinion
  494. trigger
    lever that activates the firing mechanism of a gun
  495. u
    the 21st letter of the Roman alphabet
  496. ultimate
    furthest or highest in degree or order; utmost or extreme
  497. undergo
    pass through
  498. underlying
    in the nature of something though not readily apparent
  499. undertake
    enter upon an activity or enterprise
  500. unified
    formed or joined into a whole
Created on Sat Apr 28 07:55:52 EDT 2018

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