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Fourth Grade Science TEKS

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  1. food web
    community of organisms with several interrelated food chains
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  2. graduated cylinder
    a container marked with lines and used to measure liquid
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  3. spring scale
    a balance that measure weight by the tension on a helical spring
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  4. nonrenewable
    that can not be renewed
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  5. lense
    a transparent optical device used to converge or diverge transmitted light and to form images
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  6. renewable resource
    any natural resource (as wood or solar energy) that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  7. physical property
    any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions
    The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.
  8. terrarium
    transparent container in which plants and animals are kept
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums<...
  9. electrical circuit
    an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  10. weather map
    (meteorology) a map showing the principal meteorological elements at a given time and over an extended region
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  11. lima bean
    bush or tall-growing bean plant having large flat edible seeds
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  12. life science
    any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  13. natural resource
    material in the environment that can be used by people
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  14. life cycle
    a series of stages through which an organism passes
    Students will explore how all living organisms go through a life cycle and that adaptations enable organisms to survive in their ecosystem.

    (b) Knowledge and skills.
  15. stopwatch
    a timepiece that can be started or stopped for exact timing
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  16. ecosystem
    organisms interacting with their physical environment
    (B) Within the living environment, students know and understand that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment.
  17. hot plate
    a portable electric appliance for heating or cooking or keeping food warm
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  18. problem solving
    the thought processes involved in solving a problem
    The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.
  19. metric system
    a decimal system of weights and measures based on the meter
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  20. organism
    a living thing that can act or function independently
    (B) Within the living environment, students know and understand that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment.
  21. insulator
    a material with little electrical or thermal conductivity
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  22. observational
    relying on observation or experiment
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  23. natural phenomenon
    all phenomena that are not artificial
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  24. sunscreen
    a lotion used to protect the skin from ultraviolet light
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscre...
  25. evaluate
    estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  26. reuse
    use again after processing
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  27. student
    a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  28. instructional
    of or relating to or used in instruction
    Districts are encouraged to facilitate classroom and outdoor investigations for at least 50% of instructional time.
  29. analyze
    break down into components or essential features
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  30. goggle
    look with amazement
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and...
  31. interact
    do something together or with others
    (B) Within the living environment, students know and understand that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment.
  32. differentiate
    acquire a distinct character
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  33. classroom
    a room in a school where lessons take place
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  34. Celsius
    Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade thermometer
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  35. electromagnetic
    pertaining to or exhibiting magnetism produced by electric charge in motion
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  36. National Academy of Sciences
    an honorary American society of scientists created by President Lincoln during the American Civil War
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  37. ice water
    water served ice-cold or with ice
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  38. Earth
    the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
    They will also explore Sun, Earth, and Moon relationships.
  39. classify
    arrange or order by categories
    The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.
  40. resource
    aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  41. metric
    based on a decimal unit of measurement
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  42. outdoor
    pertaining to or concerning the outdoors or outdoor activities
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  43. renewable
    capable of being replaced
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  44. investigation
    an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  45. radish
    a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  46. numeral
    a symbol used to represent a quantity
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  47. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  48. graph
    a visual representation of the relations between quantities
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  49. calculator
    a small machine that is used for mathematical calculations
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  50. environmentally
    for the environment
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  51. explore
    travel to or penetrate into
    They will also explore Sun, Earth, and Moon relationships.
  52. cycle
    a periodically repeated sequence of events
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  53. beaker
    a cup (usually without a handle)
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  54. school year
    the period of time each year when the school is open and people are studying
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  55. Moon
    the natural satellite of the Earth
    They will also explore Sun, Earth, and Moon relationships.
  56. recycling
    the act of processing used materials to create something new
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  57. measurable
    capable of being measured
    The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.
  58. Sun
    the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
    They will also explore Sun, Earth, and Moon relationships.
  59. construct
    make by combining materials and parts
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  60. thermal
    relating to or associated with heat
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  61. predict
    make a guess about what will happen in the future
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  62. transcend
    go beyond the scope or limits of
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  63. aquarium
    a tank or pool filled with water for keeping live fish
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and...
  64. environment
    the totality of surrounding conditions
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  65. reliability
    the quality of being dependable
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  66. identify
    recognize as being
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  67. pervasive
    spreading or spread throughout
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  68. magnetism
    attraction for iron
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  69. implement
    a piece of equipment or a tool used for a specific purpose
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  70. goggles
    tight-fitting spectacles worn to protect the eyes
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrariums and...
  71. scientific
    consistent with systematic study of the physical world
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  72. reasoning
    thinking that is organized and logical
    (1) Scientific investigation and reasoning.
  73. demonstrate
    give an exhibition of to an interested audience
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  74. concept
    an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  75. conserve
    keep in safety and protect from harm, loss, or destruction
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  76. tool
    an implement used to perform a task or job
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  77. well-defined
    accurately stated or described
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  78. disciplinary
    relating to discipline in behavior
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  79. Earth's surface
    the outermost level of the land or sea
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  80. collect
    gather
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  81. descriptive
    serving to inform
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  82. prediction
    a statement made about the future
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  83. condensation
    process of changing from a gas to a liquid or solid state
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  84. pattern
    a repeated design, structure, or arrangement
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  85. color in
    add color to
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  86. natural resources
    resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  87. limitation
    an act of restricting (as by regulation)
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  88. critique
    appraise or judge in an analytical way
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  89. carbon dioxide
    a colorless, odorless greenhouse gas essential for photosynthesis
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  90. conservation
    careful management of the environment and natural resources
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  91. recognizable
    easily perceived; easy to become aware of
    The student knows that there are recognizable patterns in the natural world and among the Sun, Earth, and Moon system.
  92. using
    an act that exploits or victimizes someone
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  93. energy
    forceful exertion
    The students will recognize that our major source of energy is the Sun.
  94. adaptation
    the process of adjusting or conforming to new conditions
    Students will explore how all living organisms go through a life cycle and that adaptations enable organisms to survive in their ecosystem.

    (b) Knowledge and skills.
  95. empirical
    derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  96. recur
    happen or occur again
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  97. inference
    a conclusion you can draw based on known evidence
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  98. meter
    a basic unit of length (approximately 1.094 yards)
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  99. grade
    a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  100. observable
    capable of being seen or noticed
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  101. erosion
    the process of wearing or grinding something down
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  102. data
    a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  103. label
    a brief description given for purposes of identification
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  104. science
    a branch of study or knowledge involving the observation, investigation, and discovery of general laws or truths that can be tested systematically
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  105. appropriate
    suitable for a particular person, place, or situation
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  106. dioxide
    an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  107. survive
    continue in existence after
    Students will explore how all living organisms go through a life cycle and that adaptations enable organisms to survive in their ecosystem.

    (b) Knowledge and skills.
  108. expect
    regard something as probable or likely
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  109. define
    show the form or outline of
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  110. solving
    finding a solution to a problem
    The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.
  111. notebook
    a book with blank pages for recording notes or memoranda
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  112. labeled
    bearing or marked with a label or tag
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  113. electrical
    relating to or concerned with electricity
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  114. deposition
    the act of putting something somewhere
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  115. model
    a representation of something, often on a smaller scale
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  116. habitat
    the type of environment in which an organism normally lives
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  117. illustrate
    depict with a visual representation
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  118. compare
    examine and note the similarities or differences of
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  119. recurring
    coming back
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  120. equipment
    an instrumentality needed for an undertaking
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  121. inform
    impart knowledge of some fact, state or affairs, or event to
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  122. clocks
    European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  123. beetle
    insect having biting mouthparts
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  124. balancing
    getting two things to correspond
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  125. oral
    using speech rather than writing
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  126. microscope
    magnifier of the image of small objects
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  127. map
    a diagrammatic representation of the earth's surface
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  128. facilitate
    make easier
    Districts are encouraged to facilitate classroom and outdoor investigations for at least 50% of instructional time.
  129. consist
    have its essential character
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  130. magnet
    a device that attracts iron and produces lines of force
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  131. aluminum
    a silvery, flexible, metallic element
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  132. timing
    the regulation of occurrence, pace, or coordination to achieve a desired effect (as in music, theater, athletics, mechanics)
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  133. accuracy
    the quality of being near to the true value
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  134. likeness
    similarity in appearance or nature between persons or things
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  135. generate
    bring into existence
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  136. constancy
    the quality of being enduring and free from change
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  137. natural
    relating to or concerning the physical world
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  138. balance
    harmonious arrangement or relation of parts within a whole
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  139. examine
    observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  140. observe
    watch attentively
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  141. inherit
    receive from a predecessor
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  142. plant
    a living organism without the power to move
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  143. beak
    horny projecting mouth of a bird
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  144. web
    an intricate network suggesting something that was formed by weaving or interweaving
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  145. vocabulary
    a language user's knowledge of words
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  146. defined
    showing clearly the outline or profile or boundary
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  147. thermometer
    measuring instrument for measuring temperature
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  148. explanation
    making something understandable
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  149. texture
    the feel of a surface or a fabric
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  150. inquiry
    an instance of questioning
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  151. cooling
    the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  152. heating
    the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  153. safety
    being certain that adverse effects will not be caused
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  154. friction
    the resistance when a body is moved in contact with another
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  155. humans
    all of the living human inhabitants of the earth
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  156. context
    the set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  157. describe
    give a statement representing something
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  158. valid
    well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  159. organize
    arrange by systematic planning and united effort
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  160. change
    become different in some particular way
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  161. liquid
    fluid matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  162. encourage
    inspire with confidence
    Districts are encouraged to facilitate classroom and outdoor investigations for at least 50% of instructional time.
  163. fossil
    the remains of a plant or animal from a past geological age
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  164. cylinder
    a surface generated by rotating a line around a fixed line
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  165. interpret
    make sense of; assign a meaning to
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  166. ice
    water frozen in the solid state
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  167. natural gas
    a fossil fuel in the gaseous state
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  168. technology
    the practical application of science to commerce or industry
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  169. sequence
    a following of one thing after another in time
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  170. undergo
    pass through
    The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environment.
  171. comparing
    the act of examining resemblances
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  172. classified
    arranged into classes
    The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.
  173. graduated
    marked with or divided into degrees
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  174. butterfly
    an insect typically having a slender body and colorful wings
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  175. measuring
    the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  176. experimental
    of the nature of or undergoing a trial
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  177. mathematics
    a science dealing with the logic of quantity and arrangement
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  178. ethical
    conforming to accepted standards of social behavior
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  179. dependent on
    determined by conditions or circumstances that follow
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  180. generation
    group of genetically related organisms in a line of descent
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  181. triple
    having three units or components or elements
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  182. advertisement
    a public promotion of some product or service
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  183. sand
    a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  184. scientist
    a person with advanced knowledge of empirical fields
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  185. leaf
    the collective amount of leaves of one or more plants
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  186. connect
    fasten or put together two or more pieces
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  187. property
    something owned
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  188. constantly
    without variation or change, in every case
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  189. plastic
    synthetic material that can be molded into objects
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  190. enable
    provide the means to perform some task
    Students will explore how all living organisms go through a life cycle and that adaptations enable organisms to survive in their ecosystem.

    (b) Knowledge and skills.
  191. elementary
    of or being the essential or basic part
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  192. toy
    an artifact designed to be played with
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  193. material
    the substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  194. measure
    determine the dimensions of something or somebody
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  195. weather
    atmospheric conditions such as temperature and precipitation
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  196. chart
    a visual display of data or information
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  197. informed
    having much knowledge or education
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  198. recognize
    perceive to be something or something you can identify
    The students will recognize that our major source of energy is the Sun.
  199. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  200. investigate
    conduct an inquiry of
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  201. changing
    marked by continuous modification or effective action
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  202. food
    any substance that can be metabolized by an animal
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  203. record
    anything providing permanent evidence about past events
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  204. float
    be on or below a liquid surface and not sink to the bottom
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  205. graduate
    receive an academic degree upon completion of one's studies
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  206. contribution
    a voluntary gift made to some worthwhile cause
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  207. major
    greater in scope or effect
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  208. flow
    move along, of liquids
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  209. carbon
    an abundant nonmetallic element in all organic compounds
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  210. procedure
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  211. testing
    experimentation to determine how well something works
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  212. laboratory
    a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
    The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and outdoor investigations.
  213. conductor
    the person who leads a musical group
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  214. contrast
    the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  215. collecting
    the act of gathering something together
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  216. solve
    find the answer to or understand the meaning of
    The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.
  217. critical
    of a serious examination and judgment of something
    The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.
  218. method
    a way of doing something, especially a systematic way
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  219. offspring
    the immediate descendants of a person or organism
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  220. seal
    fastener consisting of a resin that is plastic when warm
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  221. modified
    changed in form or character
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  222. logical
    based on known statements or events or conditions
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  223. boundary
    the line indicating the limit or extent of something
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  224. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  225. observation
    the act of taking a patient look
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  226. producer
    someone who manufactures something
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  227. beam
    a long thick piece of material used in construction
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  228. inherited
    occurring among members of a family usually by heredity
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  229. water
    compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear liquid
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  230. camera
    equipment for taking photographs
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  231. phenomenon
    any state or process known through the senses
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  232. compass
    navigational instrument for finding directions
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  233. communicate
    transfer to another
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  234. go through
    go across or through
    Students will explore how all living organisms go through a life cycle and that adaptations enable organisms to survive in their ecosystem.

    (b) Knowledge and skills.
  235. basic
    reduced to the simplest and most significant form possible
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  236. ruler
    a person who governs or commands
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  237. system
    a group of independent elements comprising a unified whole
    These ideas transcend disciplinary boundaries and include patterns, cycles, systems, models, and change and constancy.
  238. surface
    the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer
    The students know that Earth consists of useful resources and its surface is constantly changing.
  239. devices
    an inclination or desire
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  240. circuit
    a journey or route all the way around a place or area
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  241. continuous
    moving in time or space without interruption
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  242. ability
    the quality of having the means or skills to do something
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  243. living
    pertaining to living persons
    (B) Within the living environment, students know and understand that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment.
  244. variety
    a category of things distinguished by a common quality
    The student knows how to use a variety of tools, materials, equipment, and models to conduct science inquiry.
  245. gas
    state of matter distinguished from solid and liquid states
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  246. observing
    quick to notice; showing quick and keen perception
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  247. symbol
    something visible that represents something invisible
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  248. gravity
    the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  249. reflect
    throw or bend back from a surface
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  250. mechanical
    using tools or devices
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  251. dependent
    a person who relies on another person for support
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  252. sunlight
    the rays of the sun
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  253. device
    an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  254. evidence
    knowledge on which to base belief
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  255. test
    standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or aptitude
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  256. retain
    secure and keep for possible future use or application
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  257. select
    pick out or choose from a number of alternatives
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  258. learn
    gain knowledge or skills
    (4) In Grade 4, investigations are used to learn about the natural world.
  259. theme
    the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  260. source
    the place where something begins
    The students will recognize that our major source of energy is the Sun.
  261. measured
    having notes of fixed rhythmic value
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  262. planning
    an act of formulating a program for a course of action
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  263. live
    have life, be alive
    (B) Within the living environment, students know and understand that living organisms within an ecosystem interact with one another and with their environment.
  264. sink
    fall or descend to a lower place or level
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  265. color
    a visual attribute of things from the light they emit
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  266. parent
    a father or mother
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  267. affect
    have an influence upon
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  268. computer
    a machine for performing calculations automatically
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  269. electricity
    a physical phenomenon that can produce light, heat and power
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  270. consumer
    a person who uses goods or services
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  271. support
    the act of bearing the weight of or strengthening
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  272. mixture
    a collection containing a variety of sorts of things
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  273. reason
    a logical motive for a belief or action
    (1) Scientific investigation and reasoning.
  274. mirror
    polished surface that forms images by reflecting light
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  275. information
    knowledge acquired through study or experience
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  276. academy
    a learned establishment for the advancement of knowledge
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  277. relationship
    a mutual connection between people
    They will also explore Sun, Earth, and Moon relationships.
  278. understand
    know and comprehend the nature or meaning of
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  279. decision
    a position or opinion reached after consideration
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  280. encouraged
    inspired with confidence
    Districts are encouraged to facilitate classroom and outdoor investigations for at least 50% of instructional time.
  281. temperature
    the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  282. determine
    find out or learn with certainty, as by making an inquiry
    The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.
  283. bar
    a rigid piece of metal or wood
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  284. draw
    cause to move by pulling
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  285. heat
    a form of energy transferred by a difference in temperature
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  286. clock
    a timepiece that shows the time of day
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  287. experiment
    the act of conducting a controlled test or investigation
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  288. size
    the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  289. begin
    set in motion, cause to start
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  290. practice
    a customary way of operation or behavior
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  291. animal
    a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  292. conduct
    the way a person behaves toward other people
    The student conducts classroom and outdoor investigations, following home and school safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices.
  293. perform
    get done
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  294. push
    move with force, "He pushed the table into a corner"
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  295. represent
    be a delegate or spokesperson for
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  296. repeat
    say or state again
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  297. safely
    in a manner unlikely to cause damage or harm
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  298. reasonable
    showing sound judgment
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  299. product
    an artifact that has been created by someone or some process
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  300. glass
    a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  301. coal
    fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  302. introduction
    the act of beginning something new
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  303. solution
    a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  304. tide
    the periodic rise and fall of the sea level
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  305. scale
    an ordered reference standard
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  306. know
    be cognizant or aware of a fact or a piece of information
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  307. role
    the actions and activities assigned to a person or group
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  308. earth
    the third planet from the sun
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  309. observed
    discovered or determined by scientific observation
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  310. table
    furniture having a smooth flat top supported by legs
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  311. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
    The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environment.
  312. Texas
    the second largest state
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  313. space
    the unlimited expanse in which everything is located
    (7) Earth and space.
  314. responsibility
    the social force that binds you to a course of action
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  315. supported
    held up or having the weight borne especially from below
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  316. net
    an open fabric of string or rope or wire woven together
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  317. create
    bring into existence
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  318. capacity
    capability to perform or produce
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  319. pull
    apply force so as to cause motion towards the source of the motion
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  320. ball
    an object with a spherical shape
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  321. exist
    have a presence
    The student knows that energy exists in many forms and can be observed in cycles, patterns, and systems.
  322. plate
    dish on which food is served or from which food is eaten
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  323. matter
    that which has mass and occupies space
    (5) Matter and energy.
  324. base
    lowest support of a structure
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  325. shape
    a perceptual structure
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  326. force
    influence that results in motion, stress, etc. when applied
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  327. manners
    social deportment
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  328. write
    name the letters that comprise the accepted form of
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  329. key
    metal device that allows a lock's mechanism to be rotated
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  330. solid
    not soft or yielding to pressure
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  331. skill
    an ability that has been acquired by training
    Students will explore how all living organisms go through a life cycle and that adaptations enable organisms to survive in their ecosystem.

    (b) Knowledge and skills.
  332. object
    a tangible and visible entity
    Models of objects and events are tools for understanding the natural world and can show how systems work.
  333. stick
    a long thin implement resembling a length of wood
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  334. plan
    a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be achieved
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  335. sugar
    a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  336. conclusion
    a position or opinion reached after consideration
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  337. discovery
    the act of finding something
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  338. beginning
    the act of starting something
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  339. thinking
    endowed with the capacity to reason
    The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.
  340. rock
    material consisting of the aggregate of minerals
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  341. make
    perform or carry out
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  342. question
    a sentence of inquiry that asks for a reply
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  343. standard
    a basis for comparison
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  344. world
    the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
    (4) In Grade 4, investigations are used to learn about the natural world.
  345. result
    something that follows as a consequence
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  346. field
    extensive tract of level open land
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  347. design
    the act of working out the form of something
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  348. mass
    the property of a body that causes it to have weight
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  349. form
    a perceptual structure
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  350. asking
    the verbal act of requesting
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  351. nose
    the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  352. useful
    having a helpful function
    The students know that Earth consists of useful resources and its surface is constantly changing.
  353. understanding
    the condition of someone who knows and comprehends
    Models of objects and events are tools for understanding the natural world and can show how systems work.
  354. motion
    the act of changing location from one place to another
    (6) Force, motion, and energy.
  355. closely
    in a close relation or position in time or space
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  356. becoming
    displaying or setting off to best advantage
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  357. based
    having a base
    They have limitations and based on new discoveries are constantly being modified to more closely reflect the natural world.
  358. knowledge
    the result of perception, learning, and reasoning
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  359. volume
    the property of something that is great in magnitude
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  360. drawing
    a representation of forms or objects on a surface by means of lines
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  361. soil
    material in the top layer of the surface of the earth
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  362. travel
    change location
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  363. district
    a region marked off for administrative or other purposes
    Districts are encouraged to facilitate classroom and outdoor investigations for at least 50% of instructional time.
  364. explain
    make plain and comprehensible
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  365. choice
    the act of selecting
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  366. type
    a subdivision of a particular kind of thing
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  367. shadow
    a dark shape created by an object blocking a source of light
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  368. slow
    not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  369. event
    something that happens at a given place and time
    Models of objects and events are tools for understanding the natural world and can show how systems work.
  370. reading
    written material intended to be read
    Other likenesses are learned such as table manners or reading a book and seals balancing balls on their noses; and

    (C) explore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in living organisms such as butterflies, beetles, radishes, or lima beans.
  371. career
    the particular occupation for which you are trained
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  372. bird
    warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrate with feathers and wings
    The student is expected to:

    (A) explore how adaptations enable organisms to survive in their environment such as comparing birds' beaks and leaves on plants;

    (B) demonstrate that some likenesses between parents and offspring are inherited, passed from generation to generation such as eye color in humans or shapes of leaves in plants.
  373. claim
    assert or affirm strongly
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  374. needs
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  375. stream
    a natural body of water flowing on or under the earth
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  376. answer
    a statement made to reply to a question or criticism
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  377. cause
    events that provide the generative force of something
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure, compare, and contrast physical properties of matter, including size, mass, volume, states (solid, liquid, gas), temperature, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float;

    (B) predict the changes caused by heating and cooling such as ice becoming liquid water and condensation forming on the outside of a glass of ice water; and

    (C) compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water.
  378. path
    an established line of travel or access
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  379. problem
    a question raised for consideration or solution
    The student uses critical thinking and scientific problem solving to make informed decisions.
  380. level
    a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sunscreen;...
  381. increase
    a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  382. school
    an educational institution
    Science, Grade 4, Beginning with School Year 2010-2011.

    (a) Introduction.
  383. current
    occurring in or belonging to the present time
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current
  384. described
    represented in words especially with sharpness and detail
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  385. importance
    the quality of being significant or worthy of note
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  386. address
    the place where a person or organization can be found
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  387. repeated
    recurring again and again
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and current techn...
  388. services
    performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  389. growth
    changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  390. through
    having finished or arrived at completion
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
  391. forest
    a large, densely wooded area filled with trees and plants
    The student is expected to:

    (A) investigate that most producers need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make their own food, while consumers are dependent on other organisms for food; and

    (B) describe the flow of energy through food webs, beginning with the Sun, and predict how changes in the ecosystem affect the food web such as a fire in a forest.
  392. need
    require or want
    The students will recognize that plants and animals have basic needs, and they are met through a flow of energy known as food webs.
  393. are
    a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters
    (2) Recurring themes are pervasive in sciences, mathematics, and technology.
  394. safe
    free from danger or the risk of harm
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  395. making
    the act that results in something coming to be
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  396. writing
    symbols imprinted on a surface to represent sounds or words
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  397. movement
    change of position that does not entail a change of location
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  398. oil
    a slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  399. closed
    not open
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  400. similar
    having the same or nearly the same characteristics
    The student knows that organisms undergo similar life processes and have structures that help them survive within their environment.
  401. built
    having a substance added to increase effectiveness
    Students should understand that certain types of questions can be answered by investigations and that methods, models, and conclusions built from these investigations change as new observations are made.
  402. changed
    made or become different in nature or form
    The student knows that matter has measurable physical properties and those properties determine how matter is classified, changed, and used.
  403. service
    an act of help or assistance
    The student is expected to:

    (A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student;

    (B) draw inferences and evaluate accuracy of services and product claims found in advertisements and labels such as for toys, food, and sun...
  404. hot
    having a high or higher than desirable temperature
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  405. spring
    move forward by leaps and bounds
    The student is expected to:

    (A) collect, record, and analyze information using tools, including calculators, microscopes, cameras, computers, hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, mirrors, spring scales, pan balances, triple beam balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, meter sticks, compasses, magnets, collecting nets, and notebooks; timing devices, including clocks and stopwatches; and materials to support observation of habitats of organisms such as terrari...
  406. due
    that which is deserved or owed
    (A) Within the natural environment, students know that earth materials have properties that are constantly changing due to Earth's forces.
  407. appearance
    outward or visible aspect of a person or thing
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  408. life
    the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms
    (3) The study of elementary science includes planning and safely implementing classroom and outdoor investigations using scientific processes, including inquiry methods, analyzing information, making informed decisions, and using tools to collect and record information, while addressing the major concepts and vocabulary, in the context of physical, earth, and life sciences.
  409. simple
    having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved
    The student is expected to:

    (A) plan and implement descriptive investigations, including asking well-defined questions, making inferences, and selecting and using appropriate equipment or technology to answer his/her questions;

    (B) collect and record data by observing and measuring, using the metric system, and using descriptive words and numerals such as labeled drawings, writing, and concept maps;

    (C) construct simple tables, charts, bar graphs, and maps using tools and curren...
  410. season
    one of the natural periods into which the year is divided by the equinoxes and solstices or atmospheric conditions
    The student is expected to:

    (A) measure and record changes in weather and make predictions using weather maps, weather symbols, and a map key;

    (B) describe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun as a major source of energy in this process; and

    (C) collect and analyze data to identify sequences and predict patterns of change in shadows, tides, seasons, and the observable appearance ...
  411. wind
    air moving from high pressure to low pressure
    The student is expected to:

    (A) examine properties of soils, including color and texture, capacity to retain water, and ability to support the growth of plants;

    (B) observe and identify slow changes to Earth's surface caused by weathering, erosion, and deposition from water, wind, and ice; and

    (C) identify and classify Earth's renewable resources, including air, plants, water, and animals; and nonrenewable resources, including coal, oil, and natural gas; and the importance of co...
  412. paper
    a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
    The student is expected to:

    (A) demonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment as described in the Texas Safety Standards during classroom and outdoor investigations; and

    (B) make informed choices in the use and conservation of natural resources and reusing and recycling of materials such as paper, aluminum, glass, cans, and plastic.
  413. future
    the time yet to come
    The students learn that the natural world consists of resources, including renewable and nonrenewable, and their responsibility to conserve our natural resources for future generations.
  414. effect
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  415. sound
    mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium
    The student is expected to:

    (A) differentiate among forms of energy, including mechanical, sound, electrical, light, and heat/thermal;

    (B) differentiate between conductors and insulators;

    (C) demonstrate that electricity travels in a closed path, creating an electrical circuit, and explore an electromagnetic field; and

    (D) design an experiment to test the effect of force on an object such as a push or a pull, gravity, friction, or magnetism.
  416. national
    of or relating to or belonging to a country
    (1) Science, as defined by the National Academy of Sciences, is the "use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process."
Created on Fri Oct 21 11:06:31 EDT 2011

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