types:
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multinomial, polynomial
a mathematical function that is the sum of a number of terms
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expansion
a function expressed as a sum or product of terms
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inverse function
a function obtained by expressing the dependent variable of one function as the independent variable of another; f and g are inverse functions if f(x)=y and g(y)=x
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Kronecker delta
a function of two variables i and j that equals 1 when i=j and equals 0 otherwise
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metric, metric function
a function of a topological space that gives, for any two points in the space, a value equal to the distance between them
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transformation
(mathematics) a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system
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isometry
a one-to-one mapping of one metric space into another metric space that preserves the distances between each pair of points
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operator
(mathematics) a symbol or function representing a mathematical operation
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circular function, trigonometric function
function of an angle expressed as a ratio of the length of the sides of right-angled triangle containing the angle
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threshold function
a function that takes the value 1 if a specified function of the arguments exceeds a given threshold and 0 otherwise
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exponential, exponential function
a function in which an independent variable appears as an exponent
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biquadratic, biquadratic polynomial, quartic polynomial
a polynomial of the fourth degree
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homogeneous polynomial
a polynomial consisting of terms all of the same degree
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monic polynomial
a polynomial in one variable
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quadratic, quadratic polynomial
a polynomial of the second degree
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series
(mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
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reflection
(mathematics) a transformation in which the direction of one axis is reversed
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rotation
(mathematics) a transformation in which the coordinate axes are rotated by a fixed angle about the origin
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translation
(mathematics) a transformation in which the origin of the coordinate system is moved to another position but the direction of each axis remains the same
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affine transformation
(mathematics) a transformation that is a combination of single transformations such as translation or rotation or reflection on an axis
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linear operator
an operator that obeys the distributive law: A(f+g) = Af + Ag (where f and g are functions)
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identity, identity element, identity operator
an operator that leaves unchanged the element on which it operates
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sin, sine
ratio of the length of the side opposite the given angle to the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle
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arc sine, arcsin, arcsine, inverse sine
the inverse function of the sine; the angle that has a sine equal to a given number
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cos, cosine
ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle
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arc cosine, arccos, arccosine, inverse cosine
the inverse function of the cosine; the angle that has a cosine equal to a given number
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tan, tangent
ratio of the opposite to the adjacent side of a right-angled triangle
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arc tangent, arctan, arctangent, inverse tangent
the inverse function of the tangent; the angle that has a tangent equal to a given number
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cotan, cotangent
ratio of the adjacent to the opposite side of a right-angled triangle
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arc cotangent, arccotangent, inverse cotangent
the inverse function of the cotangent; the angle that has a cotangent equal to a given number
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sec, secant
ratio of the hypotenuse to the adjacent side of a right-angled triangle
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arc secant, arcsec, arcsecant, inverse secant
the inverse function of the secant; the angle that has a secant equal to a given number
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cosec, cosecant
ratio of the hypotenuse to the opposite side of a right-angled triangle
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arc cosecant, arccosecant, inverse cosecant
the angle that has a cosecant equal to a given number
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dilation
(mathematics) a transformation that changes the size of a figure but not its shape