Osteoporosis UGF 2010

Ieda (Brazil)
344 words 2 learners

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  1. osteoporosis
    abnormal loss of bony tissue due to a lack of calcium
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  2. vitamin D
    a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets
    Its experts say get enough calcium and vitamin D. They say do not smoke or drink too much alcohol.
  3. taxon
    animal or plant group having natural relations
    Alterações na dieta e no estilo de vida - aumentar a ingestão de cálcio, deixar de fumar, reduzir o consumo de álcool (< 30 g por dia) - podem contribuir para prevenir a osteoporose e, potencialmente, diminuir de forma significativa a taxa de ocorrência de fracturas.
  4. ribonucleic acid
    a nucleic acid that helps synthesize proteins and transmit genetic data
    The injections added ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, to the genes of some rats.
  5. mensal
    the dining table
    Os mais diversos trabalhos da literatura atestam eficácia semelhante das 3 primeiras substâncias ingeridas via oral, cabendo na realidade, quando da sua prescrição pelos especialistas, a opção quanto ao tipo de tomada (diária/semanal ou mensal).
  6. para
    100 para equal 1 dinar in Yugoslavia
    Algumas intervenções para maximizar e preservar a massa óssea têm múltiplos efeitos benéficos na saúde.
  7. osteoarthritis
    chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints
    They are afraid exercise might cause osteoarthritis.
  8. binge
    overeat or eat immodestly
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  9. lidar
    a measuring system that detects and locates objects on the same principle as radar but uses light from a laser; a potential technology for detecting air turbulence that can affect aircraft
    No entanto, num sentido mais lato, a OMS reconhece que a melhor forma de lidar com aosteoporose é através da sua prevenção logo desde o nascimento e ao longo da vida.
  10. ingesta
    solid and liquid nourishment taken into the body through the mouth
    É importante salientar que, independentemente do uso de uma droga anti reabsortiva, a ingesta de Cálcio e vitamina D se faz sempre necessária em todos os processos de Osteopenia e Osteoporose.
  11. Fosamax
    a tablet (trade name Fosamax) prescribed to prevent or treat osteoporosis in women after menopause
    Fosamax, Actonel and Boniva are products of this family of drugs.
  12. calcium
    a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light
    The disease harms bones by removing calcium and other minerals from tissue.
  13. leafy vegetable
    any of various leafy plants or their leaves and stems eaten as vegetables
    So do fish with soft bones, like salmon, and dark green leafy vegetables.
  14. one hundred eighty
    being ten more than one hundred seventy
    In these rats, one hundred eighty genes were affected.
  15. density
    the amount per unit size
    Doctors can identify osteoporosis and osteopenia by measuring the mineral density of a person’s bones.
  16. bone
    rigid tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  17. vitamin
    an organic substance essential to normal metabolism
    Its experts say get enough calcium and vitamin D. They say do not smoke or drink too much alcohol.
  18. RNA
    a nucleic acid that helps synthesize proteins and transmit genetic data
    The injections added ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, to the genes of some rats.
  19. milligram
    one thousandth (1/1,000) gram
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says people over fifty should get one thousand two hundred milligrams of calcium every day.
  20. endorphin
    a neurochemical occurring naturally in the brain and having analgesic properties
    Walking raises the levels of chemicals in the brain known as endorphins.
  21. bones
    a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  22. gene
    part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  23. alcohol
    a volatile compound made by distillation
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  24. substance abuse
    excessive use of drugs
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  25. injection
    the forceful insertion of a substance under pressure
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  26. mineral
    a solid inorganic substance occurring in nature
    The disease harms bones by removing calcium and other minerals from tissue.
  27. physical exercise
    the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit
    Doctors who treat osteoporosis patients say physical exercise can help the bones.
  28. kidney stone
    a calculus formed in the kidney
    Too much calcium can cause problems like kidney stones.
  29. rat
    any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  30. peripheral
    on or near an edge or constituting an outer boundary
    BOB DOUGHTY: Another way to measure bone-density is called peripheral bone mineral density testing.
  31. peso
    the basic unit of money in Mexico; equal to 100 centavos
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo primár...
  32. oral
    using speech rather than writing
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo...
  33. mayo
    egg yolks and oil and vinegar
    America’s Mayo Clinic medical centers say bisphosphonates are the most popular.
  34. alcoholic drink
    a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  35. Brasil
    the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter
    Dentre os Bifosfonatos atualmente disponíveis no Brasil e aprovados pela Anvisa para o tratamento da Osteoporose, são utilizados 4 radicais distintos, pesquisados por casas mães diferentes, que atestam a sua capacidade anti reabsortiva.
  36. research laboratory
    a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  37. adulthood
    the period of time in life after physical growth has stopped
    It says binge drinking generally worsens in young adulthood, and slowly decreases after that.
  38. vertebral
    of or relating to or constituting vertebrae
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo...
  39. drinking
    the act of consuming liquids
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  40. findings
    a collection of tools and other articles used by an artisan to make jewelry or clothing or shoes
    His team’s findings appear in “Alcohol and Alcoholism,” a publication of Oxford University Press.
  41. agua
    largest known toad species
    Devido ao seu baixo índice de absorção (cerca de 0,6% da dose) quando ingeridas por via oral e da maneira recomendada pelos fabricantes (em jejum, pela manhã e com água filtrada), o grau de pureza do produto usado é fator preponderante no sucesso do tratamento.
  42. connective tissue
    tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
    In that condition, connective tissue around the bones wears down.
  43. radiation
    the act of spreading outward from a central source
    DXA uses radiation from x-rays.
  44. test
    standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or aptitude
    Doctors use the tests to examine the hip and spine, or backbone.
  45. moveable
    capable of being moved or conveyed from one place to another
    A moveable machine does the test.
  46. tissue
    part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells
    Ribonucleic acid tells the gene how to make proteins, the substances necessary for bones and other tissues.
  47. bob
    move up and down repeatedly
    BOB DOUGHTY: And I’m Bob Doughty.
  48. decrease
    a change downward
    It says binge drinking generally worsens in young adulthood, and slowly decreases after that.
  49. testing
    experimentation to determine how well something works
    BOB DOUGHTY: Another way to measure bone-density is called peripheral bone mineral density testing.
  50. Oxford University
    a university in England
    His team’s findings appear in “Alcohol and Alcoholism,” a publication of Oxford University Press.
  51. fez
    a felt cap for a man
    O envelhecimento populacional e o aumento da sobre vida, fez com que a prevalência da Osteoporose tornasse essa doença um grande problema de saúde pública, o que impõe medidas importantes no tocante ao diagnóstico precoce e a instituição da terapêutica adequada.
  52. place of business
    an establishment (a factory or an assembly plant or retail store or warehouse etc.) where business is conducted, goods are made or stored or processed or where services are rendered
    Medical testing companies sometimes perform the exam at an office or other place of business.
  53. clinic
    a medical establishment run by a group of specialists
    America’s Mayo Clinic medical centers say bisphosphonates are the most popular.
  54. exam
    a set of questions testing your skill or knowledge
    Medical testing companies sometimes perform the exam at an office or other place of business.
  55. orange juice
    bottled or freshly squeezed juice of oranges
    Some orange juice, bread and cereals may have calcium added.
  56. cereal
    grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat
    Some orange juice, bread and cereals may have calcium added.
  57. age group
    a group of people having approximately the same age
    It also says this age group should get eight hundred to one thousand International Units of Vitamin D. It says Vitamin D-Two and Vitamin D-Three are both good for bones.
  58. backbone
    the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord
    Doctors use the tests to examine the hip and spine, or backbone.
  59. das
    any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes
    Os mais diversos trabalhos da literatura atestam eficácia semelhante das 3 primeiras substâncias ingeridas via oral, cabendo na realidade, quando da sua prescrição pelos especialistas, a opção quanto ao tipo de tomada (diária/semanal ou mensal).
  60. connective
    connecting or tending to connect
    In that condition, connective tissue around the bones wears down.
  61. Loyola
    Spaniard and Roman Catholic theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus; a leading opponent of the Reformation (1491-1556)
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  62. mental health
    the internal state of a person's emotions and behaviors
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  63. zero
    the mathematical symbol 0 denoting absence of quantity
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  64. exercise
    the activity of exerting muscles to keep fit
    Doctors who treat osteoporosis patients say physical exercise can help the bones.
  65. wear down
    exhaust or get tired through overuse or great strain or stress
    In that condition, connective tissue around the bones wears down.
  66. also known as
    as known or named at another time or place
    The injections added ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, to the genes of some rats.
  67. drink
    take in liquids
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  68. Caucasian
    of or relating to Caucasian people
    It says the disease is most common in Caucasian women over age fifty.
  69. drink in
    be fascinated or spell-bound by; pay close attention to
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  70. dose
    a measured portion of medicine taken at any one time
    Devido ao seu baixo índice de absorção (cerca de 0,6% da dose) quando ingeridas por via oral e da maneira recomendada pelos fabricantes (em jejum, pela manhã e com água filtrada), o grau de pureza do produto usado é fator preponderante no sucesso do tratamento.
  71. faith
    complete confidence in a person or plan, etc.
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  72. X-ray
    electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says a test called Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA, is the best test for osteoporosis.
  73. joint
    junction by which parts or objects are linked together
    Usually that place is the wrist, the heel, or the bones between finger joints.
  74. alcoholism
    habitual intoxication
    His team’s findings appear in “Alcohol and Alcoholism,” a publication of Oxford University Press.
  75. spine
    the series of vertebrae forming the backbone
    Doctors use the tests to examine the hip and spine, or backbone.
  76. porous
    full of holes
    The word osteoporosis means porous bones, or bones that are not solid enough.
  77. worsen
    grow worse
    It says binge drinking generally worsens in young adulthood, and slowly decreases after that.
  78. one thousand
    the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says people over fifty should get one thousand two hundred milligrams of calcium every day.
  79. foundation
    the basis on which something is grounded
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says eight of every ten osteoporosis patients are women.
  80. medical center
    the part of a city where medical facilities are centered
    America’s Mayo Clinic medical centers say bisphosphonates are the most popular.
  81. African-American
    an American whose ancestors were born in Africa
    The additions included Latina, African-American, Asian and other women.
  82. anti
    not in favor of (an action or proposal etc.)
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo primár...
  83. anterior
    of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo...
  84. biologist
    a scientist who studies living organisms
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  85. The Netherlands
    a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea
    One study in The Netherlands shows that might be possible.
  86. logo
    a company emblem or device
    No entanto, num sentido mais lato, a OMS reconhece que a melhor forma de lidar com aosteoporose é através da sua prevenção logo desde o nascimento e ao longo da vida.
  87. researcher
    a scientist devoted to systematic investigation
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  88. Milk
    a river that rises in the Rockies in northwestern Montana and flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Milk and milk products contain calcium.
  89. corporal
    affecting the body as opposed to the mind or spirit
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo primár...
  90. decreased
    made less in size or amount or degree
    In the other rats, the RNA in the genes decreased.
  91. medical school
    a graduate school offering study leading to a medical degree
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  92. drinker
    a person who drinks liquids
    BOB DOUGHTY: Binge drinkers swallow large amounts of alcohol over a short period.
  93. hip
    either side of the body below the waist and above the thigh
    Doctors use the tests to examine the hip and spine, or backbone.
  94. call attention
    point out carefully and clearly
    The group also called attention to the fact that men can also suffer from osteoporosis.
  95. replace
    put something back where it belongs
    Tissues continually break down and then replace themselves.
  96. dual
    consisting of two parts or components, usually in pairs
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says a test called Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA, is the best test for osteoporosis.
  97. thinner
    a diluting agent
    The shell of the bones also gets thinner.
  98. normal
    being approximately average or within certain limits
    But what if the patient has normal bones in the tested areas, but not in others?
  99. adolescent
    a person who is older than 12 but younger than 20
    Professor Callaci’s team studied adolescent laboratory rats to learn the effects of binge drinking on their genes.
  100. leafy
    having or covered with leaves
    So do fish with soft bones, like salmon, and dark green leafy vegetables.
  101. laboratory
    a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  102. consecutive
    one after the other
    The other rats received alcohol over a similar three-day period, but the injections continued for four consecutive weeks.
  103. inject
    force or drive (a fluid or gas) into by piercing
    The team injected alcohol into the animals.
  104. teenager
    a person who is older than 12 but younger than 20
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  105. break down
    stop operating or functioning
    Tissues continually break down and then replace themselves.
  106. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    These changes interfered with the pathway of molecules responsible for building bones and keeping them strong.
  107. nova
    a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the process
    O Ácido Zoledrônico, novo fármaco aprovado pela ANVISA, surge como uma nova proposta para o tratamento da OSTEOPOROSE, uma vez que sua utilização se faz por via endovenosa, o que garante que a dose ministrada seja plenamente absorvida.
  108. protein
    an organic compound essential to living cells
    Ribonucleic acid tells the gene how to make proteins, the substances necessary for bones and other tissues.
  109. alcoholic
    characteristic of or containing volatile hydroxyl compounds
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  110. team
    a cooperative unit
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  111. patient
    enduring trying circumstances with even temper
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says eight of every ten osteoporosis patients are women.
  112. doctor
    a person who holds Ph.D. degree from an academic institution
    Two years ago, the National Osteoporosis Foundation suggested that doctors extend their list of persons to watch for osteoporosis.
  113. worrying
    the act of harassing someone
    Professor Callaci says one of the most worrying findings came thirty days after the injections stopped.
  114. as much as possible
    to a feasible extent
    Straighten your back and neck as much as possible.
  115. worry
    a strong feeling of anxiety
    Professor Callaci says one of the most worrying findings came thirty days after the injections stopped.
  116. medical
    relating to the study or practice of medicine
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  117. pathway
    a trodden path
    These changes interfered with the pathway of molecules responsible for building bones and keeping them strong.
  118. acid
    a sour water-soluble compound with a pH of less than 7
    The injections added ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, to the genes of some rats.
  119. kidney
    either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine
    Too much calcium can cause problems like kidney stones.
  120. Carlos
    Venezuelan master terrorist raised by a Marxist-Leninist father; trained and worked with many terrorist groups (born in 1949)
    Converse com seu Reumatologista
    Dr. Antonio Carlos Novaes (Reumatologista)
    Assistente Estrangeiro da Fac. de Med. de Paris

    Fonte: http://www.osteoprotecao.com.br/ed_bifosfonatos.php
  121. product
    an artifact that has been created by someone or some process
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Milk and milk products contain calcium.
  122. surge
    rise and move, as in waves or billows
    O Ácido Zoledrônico, novo fármaco aprovado pela ANVISA, surge como uma nova proposta para o tratamento da OSTEOPOROSE, uma vez que sua utilização se faz por via endovenosa, o que garante que a dose ministrada seja plenamente absorvida.
  123. measuring
    the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
    Doctors can identify osteoporosis and osteopenia by measuring the mineral density of a person’s bones.
  124. helpful
    providing assistance or serving a useful function
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  125. study
    applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  126. Fish
    the twelfth sign of the zodiac
    Fish, cereal and milk are rich in Vitamin D. If you spend at least fifteen minutes a day in the sun without a product to block the sun’s radiation, you probably get enough Vitamin D.
    BOB DOUGHTY: Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis.
  127. legally
    by law; conforming to the law
    In many American states, a person is legally drunk when the level of alcohol in the blood reaches zero-point-zero-eight.
  128. salmon
    any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters
    So do fish with soft bones, like salmon, and dark green leafy vegetables.
  129. measure
    determine the dimensions of something or somebody
    Doctors can identify osteoporosis and osteopenia by measuring the mineral density of a person’s bones.
  130. knee
    hinge joint in the human leg connecting the tibia and fibula with the femur and protected in front by the patella
    Some people who have not exercised worry about the effect of exercise on their joints, especially the knees.
  131. Watson
    United States telephone engineer who assisted Alexander Graham Bell in his experiments (1854-1934)
    (MUSIC)
    BOB DOUGHTY: This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written by Jerilyn Watson.
  132. national
    of or relating to or belonging to a country
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says eight of every ten osteoporosis patients are women.
  133. disease
    an impairment of health
    Today we tell about osteoporosis, a disease that can make bones weak so they break easily.
  134. eight
    the cardinal number that is the sum of seven and one
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  135. finding
    something that is discovered
    His team’s findings appear in “Alcohol and Alcoholism,” a publication of Oxford University Press.
  136. music
    an artistic form of auditory communication
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  137. link
    connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces
    The results linked knee osteoarthritis to high mechanical strain -- activities that are hard on joints.
  138. Asian
    a native or inhabitant of Asia
    The additions included Latina, African-American, Asian and other women.
  139. pill
    a dose of medicine in the form of a small pellet
    Some people take pills containing calcium.
  140. linked
    connected, as railway cars or trailer trucks
    The results linked knee osteoarthritis to high mechanical strain -- activities that are hard on joints.
  141. increase
    a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  142. correctly
    in an accurate manner
    However, you have to do it correctly.
  143. say
    utter aloud
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  144. professor
    a member of the faculty at a college or university
    Professor Callaci’s team studied adolescent laboratory rats to learn the effects of binge drinking on their genes.
  145. affected
    influenced
    The researchers say the alcohol affected about three hundred bone-related genes in those rats.
  146. level
    a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  147. converse
    carry on a discussion
    Converse com seu Reumatologista
    Dr. Antonio Carlos Novaes (Reumatologista)
    Assistente Estrangeiro da Fac. de Med. de Paris

    Fonte: http://www.osteoprotecao.com.br/ed_bifosfonatos.php
  148. tighten
    make tight or tighter
    Tighten the chest muscles.
  149. science
    a branch of study or knowledge involving the observation, investigation, and discovery of general laws or truths that can be tested systematically
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  150. straighten
    make straight or straighter
    Straighten your back and neck as much as possible.
  151. can
    airtight sealed metal container for food or drink, etc.
    Today we tell about osteoporosis, a disease that can make bones weak so they break easily.
  152. harm
    any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
    The disease harms bones by removing calcium and other minerals from tissue.
  153. tested
    tested and proved to be reliable
    But what if the patient has normal bones in the tested areas, but not in others?
  154. substance
    the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  155. research
    a seeking for knowledge
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  156. drug
    a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
    Fish, cereal and milk are rich in Vitamin D. If you spend at least fifteen minutes a day in the sun without a product to block the sun’s radiation, you probably get enough Vitamin D.
    BOB DOUGHTY: Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis.
  157. hundred
    ten 10s
    The researchers say the alcohol affected about three hundred bone-related genes in those rats.
  158. effects
    property of a personal character that is portable
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  159. condition
    a mode of being or form of existence of a person or thing
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Before people develop osteoporosis, they have a condition called osteopenia.
  160. ray
    a group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says a test called Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA, is the best test for osteoporosis.
  161. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    The additions included Latina, African-American, Asian and other women.
  162. United States
    North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  163. tennis
    a game played with rackets by two or four players who hit a ball back and forth over a net that divides the court
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  164. milk
    a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Milk and milk products contain calcium.
  165. people
    any group of human beings collectively
    But he says the findings suggest that young people’s binge drinking could signal problems in their future.
  166. result
    something that follows as a consequence
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  167. person
    a human being
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  168. superior
    of high quality or performance
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo...
  169. index
    alphabetical listing of names and topics with page numbers
    Fonte: http://www.osteoporose.com.pt/prevencao/index.cfm
  170. effect
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  171. wrist
    a joint between the distal end of the radius and the proximal row of carpal bones
    Usually that place is the wrist, the heel, or the bones between finger joints.
  172. walking
    the act of traveling by foot
    The Mayo Clinic says walking helps your bones.
  173. danger
    the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  174. editorial
    an article giving opinions or perspectives
    Editorial - Bifosfonatos: quais as opções ?
  175. break
    destroy the integrity of
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  176. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
    Doctors who treat osteoporosis patients say physical exercise can help the bones.
  177. about
    (of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct
    Today we tell about osteoporosis, a disease that can make bones weak so they break easily.
  178. period
    an amount of time
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  179. America
    North America and South America and Central America
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  180. Netherlands
    a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea
    One study in The Netherlands shows that might be possible.
  181. definition
    a brief explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  182. juice
    the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue by squeezing or cooking
    Some orange juice, bread and cereals may have calcium added.
  183. get
    come into the possession of something concrete or abstract
    However, as people get older, more bone breaks down, than gets replaced.
  184. mechanical
    using tools or devices
    The results linked knee osteoarthritis to high mechanical strain -- activities that are hard on joints.
  185. news
    information about recent and important events
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  186. involve
    contain as a part
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  187. thirteen
    thirteen of something
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  188. measured
    having notes of fixed rhythmic value
    Bone mineral density can be measured in a number of ways.
  189. studying
    reading carefully with intent to remember
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  190. affect
    have an influence upon
    The researchers say the alcohol affected about three hundred bone-related genes in those rats.
  191. united
    being or joined into a single entity
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  192. advise
    give advice to
    (MUSIC)
    BOB DOUGHTY: The National Osteoporosis Foundation has advised several steps toward the goal of healthy bones.
  193. interfere
    get involved, so as to alter or hinder an action
    These changes interfered with the pathway of molecules responsible for building bones and keeping them strong.
  194. too much
    more than necessary
    Its experts say get enough calcium and vitamin D. They say do not smoke or drink too much alcohol.
  195. worried
    afflicted with or marked by anxious uneasiness or trouble
    If you are still worried about exercise for osteoporosis, try taking a walk.
  196. Illinois
    a midwestern state in north-central United States
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  197. responsible for
    being the agent or cause
    These changes interfered with the pathway of molecules responsible for building bones and keeping them strong.
  198. orange
    any citrus tree bearing oranges
    Some orange juice, bread and cereals may have calcium added.
  199. eighty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and eight
    In these rats, one hundred eighty genes were affected.
  200. formation
    the act of establishing or creating something
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  201. five hundred
    the cardinal number that is the product of one hundred and five
    You should not have more than two thousand five hundred milligrams a day.
  202. fifty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five
    It says the disease is most common in Caucasian women over age fifty.
  203. satisfactory
    giving contentment
    FAITH LAPIDUS: If the testing device is in good condition, it probably will give satisfactory results.
  204. identify
    recognize as being
    Doctors can identify osteoporosis and osteopenia by measuring the mineral density of a person’s bones.
  205. three hundred
    being one hundred more than two hundred
    The researchers say the alcohol affected about three hundred bone-related genes in those rats.
  206. reduce
    make smaller
    They reduce pain and make you feel happier.
  207. producer
    someone who manufactures something
    Our producer was June Simms.
  208. relate
    give an account of
    The researchers say the alcohol affected about three hundred bone-related genes in those rats.
  209. state
    the way something is with respect to its main attributes
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  210. thirty
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three
    Professor Callaci says one of the most worrying findings came thirty days after the injections stopped.
  211. receive
    get something; come into possession of
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Some rats received a daily injection of alcohol for three days.
  212. advised
    having received information
    (MUSIC)
    BOB DOUGHTY: The National Osteoporosis Foundation has advised several steps toward the goal of healthy bones.
  213. chemical
    produced by reactions involving atomic or molecular changes
    Walking raises the levels of chemicals in the brain known as endorphins.
  214. Oxford
    a city in southern England to the northwest of London
    His team’s findings appear in “Alcohol and Alcoholism,” a publication of Oxford University Press.
  215. happen
    come to pass
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  216. possible
    capable of happening or existing
    Talk to your doctor about bone health and a possible bone mineral density test.
  217. drunk
    someone who is intoxicated
    In many American states, a person is legally drunk when the level of alcohol in the blood reaches zero-point-zero-eight.
  218. abuse
    cruel or inhumane treatment
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  219. publication
    the act of issuing printed materials
    His team’s findings appear in “Alcohol and Alcoholism,” a publication of Oxford University Press.
  220. health
    the general condition of body and mind
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  221. International
    any of several international socialist organizations
    It also says this age group should get eight hundred to one thousand International Units of Vitamin D. It says Vitamin D-Two and Vitamin D-Three are both good for bones.
  222. healthy
    free from infirmity or disease
    (MUSIC)
    BOB DOUGHTY: The National Osteoporosis Foundation has advised several steps toward the goal of healthy bones.
  223. treat
    apply a process to with the aim of preparing for a purpose
    Fish, cereal and milk are rich in Vitamin D. If you spend at least fifteen minutes a day in the sun without a product to block the sun’s radiation, you probably get enough Vitamin D.
    BOB DOUGHTY: Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis.
  224. seventy
    the cardinal number that is the product of ten and seven
    A woman’s bone mineral density becomes about the same in all parts of her body after she is seventy years old.
  225. examine
    observe, check out, and look over carefully or inspect
    Doctors use the tests to examine the hip and spine, or backbone.
  226. also
    in addition
    The injections added ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, to the genes of some rats.
  227. short
    having little length or lacking in length
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  228. continually
    seemingly without interruption
    Tissues continually break down and then replace themselves.
  229. device
    an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
    FAITH LAPIDUS: If the testing device is in good condition, it probably will give satisfactory results.
  230. university
    an institution of higher learning that grants degrees
    He teaches and leads a research laboratory at Loyola University’s medical school in the state of Illinois.
  231. vegetable
    any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower
    So do fish with soft bones, like salmon, and dark green leafy vegetables.
  232. costs
    pecuniary reimbursement to the winning party for the expenses of litigation
    The exam costs less than the DXA. Peripheral testing measures only one part of the body.
  233. three
    the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Some rats received a daily injection of alcohol for three days.
  234. special
    adapted to or reserved for a particular purpose
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  235. goal
    the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve
    (MUSIC)
    BOB DOUGHTY: The National Osteoporosis Foundation has advised several steps toward the goal of healthy bones.
  236. muscle
    animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
    Tighten the chest muscles.
  237. thousand
    the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says people over fifty should get one thousand two hundred milligrams of calcium every day.
  238. broken
    physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  239. woman
    an adult female person
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  240. in the way
    forming a hindrance, impediment, or obstruction
    At that time, the animals still showed differences in the way their genes were expressed.
  241. scientist
    a person with advanced knowledge of empirical fields
    Scientists from Germany and the United States considered earlier research on the effect of exercise on joints.
  242. necessarily
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
    Professor Callaci says it is not necessarily true that what happens to rats’ genes will happen to human genes.
  243. other
    not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
    The other rats received alcohol over a similar three-day period, but the injections continued for four consecutive weeks.
  244. day
    time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Some rats received a daily injection of alcohol for three days.
  245. unit
    a single undivided whole
    It also says this age group should get eight hundred to one thousand International Units of Vitamin D. It says Vitamin D-Two and Vitamin D-Three are both good for bones.
  246. suggest
    make a proposal; declare a plan for something
    But he says the findings suggest that young people’s binge drinking could signal problems in their future.
  247. problem
    a question raised for consideration or solution
    But he says the findings suggest that young people’s binge drinking could signal problems in their future.
  248. cost
    be priced at
    The exam costs less than the DXA. Peripheral testing measures only one part of the body.
  249. minor
    inferior in number or size or amount
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo primár...
  250. two hundred
    being ten more than one hundred ninety
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says people over fifty should get one thousand two hundred milligrams of calcium every day.
  251. swallow
    pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking
    BOB DOUGHTY: Binge drinkers swallow large amounts of alcohol over a short period.
  252. one hundred
    being ten more than ninety
    In these rats, one hundred eighty genes were affected.
  253. freely
    in a free manner
    As you move along, let your shoulders and arms move freely and naturally.
  254. walk
    use one's feet to advance; advance by steps
    If you are still worried about exercise for osteoporosis, try taking a walk.
  255. dancing
    taking a series of rhythmical steps in time to music
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  256. absorb
    take in a liquid
    Vitamin D absorbs, or takes up, calcium.
  257. studied
    produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation
    Professor Callaci’s team studied adolescent laboratory rats to learn the effects of binge drinking on their genes.
  258. contain
    hold or have within
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Milk and milk products contain calcium.
  259. remove
    take something away as by lifting, pushing, or taking off
    The disease harms bones by removing calcium and other minerals from tissue.
  260. chest
    the part of the human torso between the neck and the diaphragm or the corresponding part in other vertebrates
    Tighten the chest muscles.
  261. heel
    the back part of the human foot
    Usually that place is the wrist, the heel, or the bones between finger joints.
  262. included
    enclosed in the same envelope or package
    The additions included Latina, African-American, Asian and other women.
  263. show
    make visible or noticeable
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  264. responsible
    worthy of or requiring trust; held accountable
    These changes interfered with the pathway of molecules responsible for building bones and keeping them strong.
  265. animal
    a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
    The team injected alcohol into the animals.
  266. African
    a native or inhabitant of Africa
    The additions included Latina, African-American, Asian and other women.
  267. minutes
    a written account of what transpired at a meeting
    The patient does not get much radiation from the process, which lasts only a few minutes.
  268. related
    connected logically or causally or by shared characteristics
    The researchers say the alcohol affected about three hundred bone-related genes in those rats.
  269. may
    thorny shrub of a small tree having white to scarlet flowers
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  270. sun
    the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
    Fish, cereal and milk are rich in Vitamin D. If you spend at least fifteen minutes a day in the sun without a product to block the sun’s radiation, you probably get enough Vitamin D.
    BOB DOUGHTY: Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis.
  271. involved
    connected by participation or association or use
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  272. group
    any number of entities (members) considered as a unit
    The group also called attention to the fact that men can also suffer from osteoporosis.
  273. solid
    not soft or yielding to pressure
    The word osteoporosis means porous bones, or bones that are not solid enough.
  274. much
    great in quantity or degree or extent
    The patient does not get much radiation from the process, which lasts only a few minutes.
  275. expert
    a person with special knowledge who performs skillfully
    Its experts say get enough calcium and vitamin D. They say do not smoke or drink too much alcohol.
  276. probably
    with considerable certainty; without much doubt
    FAITH LAPIDUS: If the testing device is in good condition, it probably will give satisfactory results.
  277. blood
    the fluid that is pumped through the body by the heart
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  278. enough
    sufficient for the purpose
    The word osteoporosis means porous bones, or bones that are not solid enough.
  279. over
    beyond the top or upper surface or edge
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  280. possibility
    capability of existing or happening or being true
    (MUSIC)
    FAITH LAPIDUS: A new study shows that binge drinking by teenagers may increase the possibility of osteoporosis in later life.
  281. Brown
    Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858)
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo...
  282. however
    in whatever way or manner
    However, as people get older, more bone breaks down, than gets replaced.
  283. years
    a prolonged period of time
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  284. mental
    involving the mind or an intellectual process
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  285. days
    the time during which someone's life continues
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Some rats received a daily injection of alcohol for three days.
  286. careful
    exercising caution or showing attention
    However, be careful about how much calcium you take.
  287. block
    obstruct
    Fish, cereal and milk are rich in Vitamin D. If you spend at least fifteen minutes a day in the sun without a product to block the sun’s radiation, you probably get enough Vitamin D.
    BOB DOUGHTY: Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis.
  288. older
    advanced in years; (`aged' is pronounced as two syllables)
    However, as people get older, more bone breaks down, than gets replaced.
  289. at least
    not less than
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  290. fifteen
    the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one
    Fish, cereal and milk are rich in Vitamin D. If you spend at least fifteen minutes a day in the sun without a product to block the sun’s radiation, you probably get enough Vitamin D.
    BOB DOUGHTY: Several kinds of drugs treat osteoporosis.
  291. received
    widely accepted as true or worthy
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Some rats received a daily injection of alcohol for three days.
  292. addition
    the arithmetic operation of summing
    The additions included Latina, African-American, Asian and other women.
  293. signal
    any action or gesture that encodes a message
    But he says the findings suggest that young people’s binge drinking could signal problems in their future.
  294. becoming
    displaying or setting off to best advantage
    Treatment can prevent this condition from becoming osteoporosis.
  295. call
    utter a sudden loud cry
    The group also called attention to the fact that men can also suffer from osteoporosis.
  296. score
    a number that expresses accomplishment in a game or contest
    Prevenção da Osteoporose

    De acordo com a organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a prevenção da osteoporosedefine-se como a forma de impedir a perda de massa óssea na mulher recentemente menopáusica e ainda sem osteoporose - ou seja, na mulher com valores do índice T (T-Score) da densidade mineral óssea (DMO) entre -1 e -2,5 (osteopenia) e com risco aumentado de fractura.
  297. active
    characterized by energetic movement
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  298. not
    negation of a word or group of words
    Professor Callaci says it is not necessarily true that what happens to rats’ genes will happen to human genes.
  299. two
    the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one
    The injections resulted in a blood alcohol level of zero-point-two-eight.
  300. strain
    exert much effort or energy
    The results linked knee osteoarthritis to high mechanical strain -- activities that are hard on joints.
  301. treatment
    the management of someone or something
    Treatment can prevent this condition from becoming osteoporosis.
  302. activity
    any specific behavior
    The results linked knee osteoarthritis to high mechanical strain -- activities that are hard on joints.
  303. shell
    the outer covering of an animal
    The shell of the bones also gets thinner.
  304. human
    a person; a hominid with a large brain and articulate speech
    Thirty days of a rat’s life are about the same as three human years.
  305. minute
    a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour
    The patient does not get much radiation from the process, which lasts only a few minutes.
  306. earlier
    more early than; most early
    Scientists from Germany and the United States considered earlier research on the effect of exercise on joints.
  307. larger
    large or big relative to something else
    The result is that small spaces inside the bone get larger.
  308. dance
    taking a series of rhythmical steps in time to music
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  309. cause
    events that provide the generative force of something
    Too much calcium can cause problems like kidney stones.
  310. services
    performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others
    America’s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration says binge drinking can begin when a person is about thirteen years old.
  311. weak
    wanting in physical strength
    Today we tell about osteoporosis, a disease that can make bones weak so they break easily.
  312. English
    of or relating to England or its culture or people
    Osteoporosis Increases Danger of Broken Bones


    FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English.
  313. young
    any immature animal
    Bone biologist John Callaci led a team studying the effects of alcohol on young rats.
  314. raise
    move upwards
    Walking raises the levels of chemicals in the brain known as endorphins.
  315. playing
    the action of taking part in a game or sport or other recreation
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  316. a lot
    to a very great degree or extent
    Researchers in the United States say drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period may influence genes involved in bone formation.
  317. expressed
    communicated in words
    At that time, the animals still showed differences in the way their genes were expressed.
  318. naturally
    in a natural or normal manner
    As you move along, let your shoulders and arms move freely and naturally.
  319. age
    how long something has existed
    It says the disease is most common in Caucasian women over age fifty.
  320. means
    how a result is obtained or an end is achieved
    The word osteoporosis means porous bones, or bones that are not solid enough.
  321. regular
    conforming to a standard or pattern
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Another study found that regular physical exercise does not harm joints.
  322. several
    of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many
    (MUSIC)
    BOB DOUGHTY: The National Osteoporosis Foundation has advised several steps toward the goal of healthy bones.
  323. bread
    food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked
    Some orange juice, bread and cereals may have calcium added.
  324. take up
    turn one's interest to
    Vitamin D absorbs, or takes up, calcium.
  325. slow
    not moving quickly; taking a comparatively long time
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  326. one
    smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  327. some
    quantifier
    FAITH LAPIDUS: Some rats received a daily injection of alcohol for three days.
  328. keeping
    the act of retaining something
    These changes interfered with the pathway of molecules responsible for building bones and keeping them strong.
  329. source
    the place where something begins
    That total includes calcium from food and all other sources.
  330. least
    the superlative of `little' that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by `the'; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  331. mean
    denote or connote
    For men, binge drinking can mean five drinks in a short time.
  332. center
    an area that is in the middle of some larger region
    America’s Mayo Clinic medical centers say bisphosphonates are the most popular.
  333. threaten
    utter intentions of injury or punishment against
    But it can warn that osteoporosis threatens or has started.
  334. inside
    relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space
    The result is that small spaces inside the bone get larger.
  335. weight
    the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
    For active people, lifting weights or playing tennis, slow running and dancing can be helpful.
  336. major
    greater in scope or effect
    Factores de risco para a osteoporose


    De acordo com Brown JP e Josse RG os factores de risco major (mais importantes) para aosteoporose são:
    • Idade superior a 65 anos
    • Fractura vertebral anterior
    • Fractura de fragilidade depois dos 40 anos
    • História de fractura da anca num dos progenitores
    • Terapêutica corticóide (cortisona) por via oral ou injectável com mais de 3 meses de duração
    • Menopausa precoce (< 40 anos)
    • Hipogonadismo (défice de hormonas sexuais)
    • Hiperparatiroidismo...
  337. list
    a database containing an ordered array of items
    Two years ago, the National Osteoporosis Foundation suggested that doctors extend their list of persons to watch for osteoporosis.
  338. today
    on this day as distinct from yesterday or tomorrow
    Today we tell about osteoporosis, a disease that can make bones weak so they break easily.
  339. energy
    forceful exertion
    The National Osteoporosis Foundation says a test called Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA, is the best test for osteoporosis.
  340. total
    the whole amount
    That total includes calcium from food and all other sources.
  341. known
    apprehended with certainty
    The injections added ribonucleic acid, also known as RNA, to the genes of some rats.
  342. hurry
    move very fast
    One definition says binge drinking happens when a woman has at least four alcoholic drinks in a hurry.
  343. area
    the extent of a two-dimensional surface within a boundary
    But what if the patient has normal bones in the tested areas, but not in others?
  344. machine
    a mechanical or electrical device that transmits energy
    A moveable machine does the test.
Created on Mon Sep 13 07:24:47 EDT 2010

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