types:
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aquifer
underground bed or layer yielding groundwater for wells, springs, etc.
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beach
an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake
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cave
a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea
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cliff, drop, drop-off
a steep high face of rock
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delta
a low area of alluvial deposits where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
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diapir
a domed rock formation where a core of rock has moved upward and pierced through the more brittle overlying strata
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folium
a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock
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foreshore
the part of the seashore between the highwater mark and the low-water mark
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ice mass
a large mass of ice
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lakefront
land bordering a lake
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massif
a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range
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monocline
a geological formation in which all strata are inclined in the same direction
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mouth
the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water
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depression, natural depression
a sunken or depressed geological formation
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elevation, eminence, natural elevation
a raised or elevated geological formation
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oceanfront
land bordering an ocean
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chain, chain of mountains, mountain chain, mountain range, range, range of mountains
a series of hills or mountains
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relict
geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared
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ridge, ridgeline
a long narrow range of hills
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ridge
a long narrow natural elevation on the floor of the ocean
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shore
the land along the edge of a body of water
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incline, side, slope
an elevated geological formation
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fountain, natural spring, outflow, outpouring, spring
a natural flow of ground water
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scree, talus
a sloping mass of loose rocks at the base of a cliff
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mineral vein, vein
a layer of ore between layers of rock
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crater, volcanic crater
a bowl-shaped geological formation at the top of a volcano
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wall
a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
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groundwater level, water level, water table
underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water
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arete
a sharp narrow ridge found in rugged mountains
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acclivity, ascent, climb, raise, rise, upgrade
an upward slope or grade (as in a road)
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bank
sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)
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bank, camber, cant
a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
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basin
a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it
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bed, bottom
a depression forming the ground under a body of water
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bonanza
an especially rich vein of precious ore
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caldera
a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression
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canyonside
the steeply sloping side of a canyon
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cavern
a large cave or a large chamber in a cave
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coast
a slope down which sleds may coast
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cove
small or narrow cave in the side of a cliff or mountain
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crag
a steep rugged rock or cliff
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crater
a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb
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declension, declination, decline, declivity, descent, downslope, fall
a downward slope or bend
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escarpment, scarp
a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion
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Fountain of Youth
a fountain described in folk tales as able to make people young again
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geyser
a spring that discharges hot water and steam
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glacier
a slowly moving mass of ice
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grot, grotto
a small cave (usually with attractive features)
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highland, upland
elevated (e.g., mountainous) land
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hill
a local and well-defined elevation of the land
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hillside
the side or slope of a hill
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hogback, horseback
a narrow ridge of hills
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hole, hollow
a depression hollowed out of solid matter
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hot spring, thermal spring
a natural spring of water at a temperature of 70 F or above
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berg, iceberg
a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier
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ice cap, icecap
a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)
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ice field
a large flat mass of ice (larger than an ice floe) floating at sea
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floe, ice floe
a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea
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lakeshore, lakeside
the shore of a lake
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lowland
low level country
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maar
a flat-bottomed volcanic crater that was formed by an explosion; often filled with water
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mount, mountain
a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
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mountainside, versant
the side or slope of a mountain
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piedmont
a gentle slope leading from the base of a mountain to a region of flat land
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plage
the beach at a seaside resort
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precipice
a very steep cliff
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foreland, head, headland, promontory
a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)
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ridge
a long narrow natural elevation or striation
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coast, sea-coast, seacoast, seashore
the shore of a sea or ocean
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sink, sinkhole, swallow hole
a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof
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ski slope
a snow-covered slope for skiing
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strand
a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)
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swell
a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)
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deep, oceanic abyss, trench
a long steep-sided depression in the ocean floor
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trough
a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)
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vale, valley
a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river