Uni

Sabrina B.
381 words 3 learners

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words only definitions & notes
  1. weather condition
    the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation
    At the bottom of the ocean, the water remains at a _________________ _________________
    irrespective of changing weather conditions at the surface.
  2. computer user
    a person who uses computers for work or entertainment or communication or business
    Joining a newsgroup allows computer users to make ______________________ with other people
    who share a similar interest.
    a. touch b. approach c. contact
    13.
  3. collocation
    the act of positioning close together (or side by side)
    Then take one word from the box on the left and
    combine this with one from the box on the right to make a collocation.
  4. language learning
    learning to use a language
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. ...
  5. orientate
    determine one's position with reference to another point
    The first two weeks of the course are designed to ______________________ new students and to
    allow them to settle into university life.
    a. orientate b. instruct c. introduce
    10.
  6. radiation sickness
    syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation
    Many people were killed instantly at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but thousands more died from
    _________________ radiation sickness.
    a. succeeding b. following c. subsequent
    10.
  7. poisonous substance
    any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organism
    Poisonous substances released into the sea may be absorbed by fish and
    then find their way into the human food chain.
  8. atomic weapon
    a weapon of mass destruction whose explosive power derives from a nuclear reaction
    An already difficult operation was complicated…
    a. …of the dangers of smoking.
    b. …at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
    c. …to the library where students can take a break.
    d. …the pollution problem from the car itself to the electricity station.
    e. …that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
    f. …heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely destroyed.
    g. …what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
    h. …of relativity, which ...
  9. coffee bar
    a small restaurant where drinks and snacks are sold
    In many universities, there is a coffee bar adjacent…
    8.
  10. coursework
    work assigned to and done by a student during a course of study; usually it is evaluated as part of the student's grade in the course
    Assessment on this course includes / consists of coursework (30%) and examinations (70%).
  11. computer system
    a system of one or more computers and associated software with common storage
    Most planes today are controlled not by human pilots but by a computer system known as an
    ________________ pilot, which is even responsible for taking off and landing.
  12. environmentalist
    someone who works to protect nature from destruction
    Environmentalists point out that electric cars just shift…
    3.
  13. wedding guest
    a guest at a wedding
    By ____________________, wedding guests in most cultures give presents or money to the newlymarried
    couple.
  14. public lecture
    a speech that is open to the public
    In addition to the regular lectures, we have a __________________ of public lectures given by guest
    speakers from other universities.
  15. uncompetitive
    not inclined to compete
    During the 1970's and 1980's, it became increasingly evident / visible that companies in the West
    were uncompetitive.
  16. kph
    the ratio of the distance traveled (in kilometers) to the time spent traveling (in hours)
    Although most cars can travel much faster, the ______________________ speed limit in the UK is 70
    mph (110 kph).
    a. maximum b. highest c. biggest
    4.
  17. life form
    the characteristic bodily form of a mature organism
    A growing number of scientists find it plausible that other life forms may
    exist elsewhere in the universe.
  18. retrain
    teach new skills
    Retraining courses for the unemployed may just be a way to exclude…
    4.
  19. blood transfusion
    the introduction of blood or blood plasma into a vein or artery
    A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions ______________________
    with the AIDS virus.
    a. polluted b. poisoned c. contaminated
    12.
  20. sophisticate
    a person who is cultured and has worldly experience
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  21. Channel Tunnel
    the railroad tunnel between France and England under the English Channel
    The Channel Tunnel between France and England was constructed…
    5.
  22. dictionary
    a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
  23. ordinate
    the value of a coordinate on the vertical axis
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
    co-ordinate (v)  discrete (adj)  estimate (n)  geography (n)
    norm (n)  pole (n)  preposition (n)  rational (adj)
    scheme (n)  source (n)  task (n)  underlie (v)
    1.
  24. student
    a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution
    Students should not try to write down everything they hear in a lecture, but just make a
    _____________________ of the most important points.
  25. television channel
    a television station and its programs
    Because of the growth in the number of communication stations / satellites in space, viewers have
    access to more television channels.
  26. Coca
    United States comedienne who starred in early television shows with Sid Caesar (1908-2001)
    Without doubt, Coca-Cola is probably the _________________ _________________ of a product
    that is known world-wide.
  27. fluctuate
    move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern
    Although the world is getting warmer slowly, the increase in temperature varies / fluctuates from
    country to country.
  28. drug company
    a company that makes and sells pharmaceuticals
    In order to produce new medicines, drug companies have to _________________
    _________________ on a huge scale to their research and development activities.
  29. vocabulary
    a language user's knowledge of words
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  30. publisher
    a person engaged in issuing periodicals or books or music
    In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable.
    1b – Choose the right word
    Unit One
    5
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  31. retraining
    training for a new occupation
    Retraining courses for the unemployed may just be a way to exclude…
    4.
  32. pairing
    the act of grouping things or people in pairs
    (Note that more than one pairing may be possible and also that some words
    appear more than once.)
  33. Cola
    large genus of African trees bearing kola nuts
    Without doubt, Coca-Cola is probably the _________________ _________________ of a product
    that is known world-wide.
  34. blood vessel
    a vessel in which blood circulates
    In the first instance, the blood passes out of the heart, through the lungs
    and along the arteries before reaching the small blood vessels within the
    skin.
  35. World Wide Web
    computer network consisting of a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol
    In 1990, the British researcher Tim Berners-Lee _____________________ the first browser, and so
    paved the way for the development of the World Wide Web.
  36. unit
    a single undivided whole
    In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable.
    1b – Choose the right word
    Unit One
    5
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  37. Second World War
    a war between the Allies and the Axis from 1939 to 1945
    After the Second World War, African nations started to _________________ _________________ to
    become independent.
  38. tutorial
    a session of intensive instruction
    In a seminar or tutorial, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to
    _______________________ the discussion.
    a. overwhelm b. dominate c. oppress
    3.
  39. economic theory
    a theory of commercial activities
    Most economic theories assume that people act on a ___________________ basis, but this doesn't
    take account of the fact that we often use our emotions instead.
  40. coincidental
    occurring or operating at the same time
    The allied forces launched ______________ bombing raids on several important sites in and around
    the enemy capital.
    a. simultaneous b. contemporary c. coincidental
    4.
  41. traffic control
    control of the flow of traffic in a building or a city
    The instructions from air traffic control were not fully ______________________, and as a result the
    pilot made an error and crashed.
    a. total b. explicit c. complete
    11.
  42. African nation
    any one of the countries occupying the African continent
    After the Second World War, African nations started to _________________ _________________ to
    become independent.
  43. seminar
    a course offered for a small group of advanced students
    In a seminar or tutorial, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to
    _______________________ the discussion.
    a. overwhelm b. dominate c. oppress
    3.
  44. crime rate
    the ratio of crimes in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year
    Unfortunately, rising crime rates seem to be an increasingly _________________ _________________
    of life in big cities today.
  45. speed limit
    regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road
    Although most cars can travel much faster, the ______________________ speed limit in the UK is 70
    mph (110 kph).
    a. maximum b. highest c. biggest
    4.
  46. demonstrator
    someone participating in a public display of group feeling
    The demonstrators refused to disperse,…
    8.
  47. food chain
    community of organisms where each member is eaten by another
    Poisonous substances released into the sea may be absorbed by fish and
    then find their way into the human food chain.
  48. equate
    consider or describe as similar or analogous
    In spite of warnings about cancer, many Westerners equate…
    9.
  49. personal computer
    a small digital computer based on a microprocessor and designed to be used by one person at a time
    Over the previous ten years, we have seen an enormous growth in the
    number of home personal computers.
  50. sentence
    a string of words satisfying grammatical rules of a language
    The _____________________ of drugs has increased significantly in spite of more severe penalties
    such as longer prison sentences.
  51. grammatical
    of or pertaining to the rules that structure language
    Remember that you may need to change the
    form or in some cases the grammatical class of the word:
    Unit One 6
    1c – Finish the sentence
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  52. written language
    communication by means of written symbols
    Although speech is mostly continuous sound, written language is divided up into
    ___________________ units which we call words.
  53. authorise
    grant authorization or clearance for
    In some situations, a law court can authorise / let the police to enter a house without the owner's
    permission.
  54. discrete
    constituting a separate entity or part
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
    co-ordinate (v)  discrete (adj)  estimate (n)  geography (n)
    norm (n)  pole (n)  preposition (n)  rational (adj)
    scheme (n)  source (n)  task (n)  underlie (v)
    1.
  55. contaminate
    make impure
    A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions ______________________
    with the AIDS virus.
    a. polluted b. poisoned c. contaminated
    12.
  56. market economy
    an economy that relies on market forces to determine prices
    The transition / transit from a communist to a free-market economy has been very difficult for a
    number of countries.
  57. space shuttle
    a reusable spacecraft with wings for a controlled descent through the Earth's atmosphere
    Because the weather was so bad, the astronauts abandoned / left their attempt to launch the
    space shuttle.
  58. secondary school
    a school for students intermediate between elementary school and college; usually grades 9 to 12
    Education experts from France travelled to Japan to evaluate / judge the secondary school system
    there.
  59. divided up
    distributed in portions on the basis of a plan or purpose
    Although speech is mostly continuous sound, written language is divided up into
    ___________________ units which we call words.
  60. Black
    British chemist who identified carbon dioxide and who formulated the concepts of specific heat and latent heat (1728-1799)
    In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable.
    1b – Choose the right word
    Unit One
    5
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  61. item
    a distinct part that can be specified separately in a group
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  62. module
    an inherent cognitive or perceptual power of the mind
    University regulations state that students must pass 18 modules to
    graduate.
  63. inhibit
    limit the range or extent of
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  64. transfusion
    the introduction of blood or plasma into a vein or artery
    A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions ______________________
    with the AIDS virus.
    a. polluted b. poisoned c. contaminated
    12.
  65. reference
    the act of consulting
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
  66. move around
    pass to the other side of
    Until the sixteenth century, the idea that the Earth moves around the Sun
    was regarded as a ridiculous idea, whereas today we accept this concept
    as completely normal.
  67. analyse
    break down into components or essential features
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    new  analyse  leading
    ultimate  valid  marital
    establish  new  initial
    reverse  tense  constant
    minimum  put forward
    status  responsibility  role
    concept  the hypothesis
    results  dimension
    temperature  reason
    a link  atmosphere  results
    the verdict  requirement
    1.
  68. questionnaire
    a form with a set of queries to gain statistical information
    While half of the students were responsible for writing the questionnaires, the others had the
    __________________ of analysing the data.
  69. Greenpeace
    an international organization that works for environmental conservation and the preservation of endangered species
    The main concentration / focus of Greenpeace is on problems concerning pollution.
  70. electric car
    a car that is powered by electricity
    Environmentalists point out that electric cars just shift…
    3.
  71. computer
    a machine for performing calculations automatically
    Although computers are becoming increasingly complex,…
    13.
  72. military strength
    capability in terms of personnel and materiel that affect the capacity to fight a war
    Because of its economic and military strength, the USA exercises
    considerable influence over world politics.
  73. trouser
    (usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately
    The clothing of men and women used to be quite ___________________________, whereas today
    women often wear trousers as well as men.
    a. distinct b. diverse c. distinguished
    11.
  74. youthfulness
    the freshness and vitality characteristic of a young person
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. ...
  75. write down
    put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.
    Students should not try to write down everything they hear in a lecture, but just make a
    _____________________ of the most important points.
  76. house arrest
    confinement to your own home
    Because she was an _________________ _________________ of the government, she was kept
    under house arrest for a number of years.
  77. ecology
    the environment as it relates to living organisms
    In many parts of the world, people are becoming more worried about the danger of pollution and
    its effect on the environment / ecology.
  78. wetter
    a workman who wets the work in a manufacturing process
    If global warming continues, many regions of the world will become drier
    while others may become wetter.
  79. substitution
    putting one thing or person in the place of another
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  80. outer space
    any location outside the Earth's atmosphere
    One travel company is now advertising a completely _________________ _________________ in
    tourism: flights into outer space by rocket.
  81. pollution
    contamination of the natural environment
    In many parts of the world, people are becoming more worried about the danger of pollution and
    its effect on the environment / ecology.
  82. global warming
    a rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere
    When some scientists originally _________________ _________________ known as global warming,
    the idea was not taken seriously, and yet today it is accepted by nearly everyone.
  83. take account
    be fully aware of; realize fully
    Most economic theories assume that people act on a ___________________ basis, but this doesn't
    take account of the fact that we often use our emotions instead.
  84. co-ordinate
    a number that identifies a position relative to an axis
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
    co-ordinate (v)  discrete (adj)  estimate (n)  geography (n)
    norm (n)  pole (n)  preposition (n)  rational (adj)
    scheme (n)  source (n)  task (n)  underlie (v)
    1.
  85. underlie
    be underneath
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
    co-ordinate (v)  discrete (adj)  estimate (n)  geography (n)
    norm (n)  pole (n)  preposition (n)  rational (adj)
    scheme (n)  source (n)  task (n)  underlie (v)
    1.
  86. choose
    pick out from a number of alternatives
    In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable.
    1b – Choose the right word
    Unit One
    5
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  87. environmentally
    for the environment
    Environmentalists are keen to persuade us to throw away rubbish and
    waste in more environmentally-friendly ways.
  88. disable
    injure permanently
    Increasingly, the design of buildings is being adjusted / modified to allow easier access for disabled
    people.
  89. westerner
    an inhabitant of a western area; especially of the U.S.
    In spite of warnings about cancer, many Westerners equate…
    9.
  90. lecturer
    a public educator at certain universities
    The lecturer gave the students a 10 minute break before continuing with
    the rest of her lecture.
  91. air traffic
    traffic created by the movement of aircraft
    The instructions from air traffic control were not fully ______________________, and as a result the
    pilot made an error and crashed.
    a. total b. explicit c. complete
    11.
  92. capillary
    a minute blood vessel connecting arterioles with venules
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    affect (v)  capillary (n)  notion (n)  decade (n)  emphasise (v)
    expose (v)  generate (v)  consequent (adj)  pertinent (adj)
    predict (v)  select (v)  signify (v)  structure (n)  undergo (v)
    1.
  93. fill in
    supply with information on a specific topic
    Remember that
    in the case of nouns and verbs you may need to change the form of the word:
    Unit Two 10
    2a – Fill in the gaps
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  94. emphasise
    to stress, single out as important
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    affect (v)  capillary (n)  notion (n)  decade (n)  emphasise (v)
    expose (v)  generate (v)  consequent (adj)  pertinent (adj)
    predict (v)  select (v)  signify (v)  structure (n)  undergo (v)
    1.
  95. grading
    evaluation of performance by assigning a score
    The new grading machine has the function…
    7.
  96. pollute
    contaminate; make impure
    A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions ______________________
    with the AIDS virus.
    a. polluted b. poisoned c. contaminated
    12.
  97. relevance
    the relation of something to the matter at hand
    Many members of the public question the relevance…
    3.
  98. Nagasaki
    a city in southern Japan on Kyushu
    Many people were killed instantly at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but thousands more died from
    _________________ radiation sickness.
    a. succeeding b. following c. subsequent
    10.
  99. distort
    twist and press out of shape
    Politicians often complain that newspapers distort…
    14.
  100. learner
    someone who learns or takes up knowledge or beliefs
    Those language learners who focus on the _________________ _________________ of living in a
    new culture rather than on the disadvantages tend to learn more quickly.
  101. word
    a unit of language that native speakers can identify
    It is often possible to guess the meaning of a word from the other words around it — that is to say,
    the _____________________.
  102. rotate
    turn on or around an axis or a center
    The Earth rotates…
    10.
  103. astronaut
    a person trained to travel in a spacecraft
    Because the weather was so bad, the astronauts abandoned / left their attempt to launch the
    space shuttle.
  104. managing director
    someone who controls resources and expenditures
    The Managing Director may run the company, but _________________ _________________ rests
    with the Board of Directors.
  105. Hiroshima
    a port city on the southwestern coast of Honshu in Japan
    Many people were killed instantly at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but thousands more died from
    _________________ radiation sickness.
    a. succeeding b. following c. subsequent
    10.
  106. cause of death
    the causal agent resulting in death
    The ___________________________ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in
    second place.
    a. first b. prime c. initial
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    Start by reading through the sentences below.
  107. from time to time
    now and then or here and there
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  108. relativity
    the quality of having significance vis-a-vis something else
    An already difficult operation was complicated…
    a. …of the dangers of smoking.
    b. …at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
    c. …to the library where students can take a break.
    d. …the pollution problem from the car itself to the electricity station.
    e. …that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
    f. …heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely destroyed.
    g. …what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
    h. …of relativity,...
  109. researcher
    a scientist devoted to systematic investigation
    In 1990, the British researcher Tim Berners-Lee _____________________ the first browser, and so
    paved the way for the development of the World Wide Web.
  110. adjust
    alter or regulate so as to conform to a standard
    Increasingly, the design of buildings is being adjusted / modified to allow easier access for disabled
    people.
  111. convene
    meet formally
    In order to discuss the implications of the crisis, the President convened / gathered a meeting of
    his top advisors at the White House.
  112. drier
    a substance that promotes drying
    If global warming continues, many regions of the world will become drier
    while others may become wetter.
  113. per year
    by the year; every year
    It may cost an overseas student around £15,000 per year to live and study in
    Britain, which is a very large amount of money.
  114. Far East
    a popular expression for the countries of eastern Asia
    The growth of China will add a _________________ _________________ to the economic and
    political situation in the Far East.
  115. projector
    an optical device for projecting a beam of light
    Before giving a presentation, always ______________________ the focus on the projector so that
    everyone can read what is on the screen.
    a. adjust b. move c. change
    2.
  116. deviate
    turn aside; turn away from
    Sometimes, unexpected economic changes force an organisation to deviate / divert from its
    original business plan.
  117. preposition
    a word before a noun or pronoun connecting to another word
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
    co-ordinate (v)  discrete (adj)  estimate (n)  geography (n)
    norm (n)  pole (n)  preposition (n)  rational (adj)
    scheme (n)  source (n)  task (n)  underlie (v)
    1.
  118. heart disease
    a disease of the heart
    The ___________________________ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in
    second place.
    a. first b. prime c. initial
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    ____________________
    Start by reading through the sentences below.
  119. fast-growing
    tending to spread quickly
    There are many reasons behind the success of the fastest-growing economies, but one common
    factor / idea seems to be high levels of education.
  120. complicate
    make less simple
    An already difficult operation was complicated…
    a. …of the dangers of smoking.
    b. …at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
    c. …to the library where students can take a break.
    d. …the pollution problem from the car itself to the electricity station.
    e. …that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
    f. …heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely destroyed.
    g. …what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
    h. …of relativity,...
  121. regard as
    look on as or consider
    Until the sixteenth century, the idea that the Earth moves around the Sun
    was regarded as a ridiculous idea, whereas today we accept this concept
    as completely normal.
  122. exporter
    a businessperson who transports goods abroad
    Because foreign exchange rates ebb and flow / fluctuate, it is not always possible for exporters to
    know how much money they will receive from sales.
  123. communist
    relating to socialism that abolishes private ownership
    The transition / transit from a communist to a free-market economy has been very difficult for a
    number of countries.
  124. mph
    the ratio of the distance traveled (in miles) to the time spent traveling (in hours)
    Although most cars can travel much faster, the ______________________ speed limit in the UK is 70
    mph (110 kph).
    a. maximum b. highest c. biggest
    4.
  125. manipulate
    influence or control shrewdly or deviously
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  126. link
    connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. …them t...
  127. advisor
    an expert who gives guidance
    In order to discuss the implications of the crisis, the President convened / gathered a meeting of
    his top advisors at the White House.
  128. layout
    a plan or design of something that is laid out
    In newspapers, the layout of the columns is _____________________, while the rows run across the
    page horizontally.
  129. verb
    a word denoting an action, occurrence, or state of existence
    Remember that
    in the case of nouns and verbs you may need to change the form of the word:
    Unit Two 10
    2a – Fill in the gaps
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  130. organisation
    an ordered manner
    Because Paris is expensive, many organisations pay higher salaries to _________________ for the
    high cost of living there.
    a. compensate b. adjust c. redress
    9.
  131. pave
    cover with a material such as stone or concrete to make suitable for vehicle traffic
    In 1990, the British researcher Tim Berners-Lee _____________________ the first browser, and so
    paved the way for the development of the World Wide Web.
  132. easy
    posing no difficulty; requiring little effort
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
  133. inhabitant
    a person who lives in a particular place
    An already difficult operation was complicated…
    a. …of the dangers of smoking.
    b. …at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
    c. …to the library where students can take a break.
    d. …the pollution problem from the car itself to the electricity station.
    e. …that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
    f. …heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely destroyed.
    g. …what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
    h. …of relativity, which ...
  134. certify
    provide evidence for
    After you have submitted your application, the university will attempt to ______________ that the
    information you have supplied is correct.
    a. verify b. certify c. investigate
    8.
  135. product
    an artifact that has been created by someone or some process
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. …them t...
  136. resultant
    following or accompanying as a consequence
    When the government increased the tax on petrol, there was a resultant
    rise in transport costs.
  137. workplace
    a place where work is done
    If a family moves abroad, the children often adapt…
    a. …to their new environment more quickly than their parents.
    b. …towards women having top positions in the workplace.
    c. …within society and can lead to violence.
    d. …to London, Edinburgh and Cardiff.
    e. …although the police were heavily armed and very aggressive.
    f. …more people from the unemployment totals.
    g. …child workers by paying them very low wages.
    h. …this during the year rather than to try to learn everything the night be...
  138. evaluate
    estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
    Education experts from France travelled to Japan to evaluate / judge the secondary school system
    there.
  139. qualification
    the act of modifying or changing the strength of some idea
    Most employers insist that their employees have qualifications in English and _______________.
  140. prospectus
    a document that sets forth a plan for a business enterprise
    The first thing to do is to choose the courses which you would like to
    study and then look at each university prospectus.
  141. isolate
    place or set apart
    Extreme religious groups living in isolated communes / societies have been responsible for a
    number of violent crimes.
  142. imply
    express or state indirectly
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. …them t...
  143. mobile phone
    a hand-held mobile device
    It is now possible to infer / imply a link between using mobile phones and contracting some forms
    of cancer.
  144. concept
    an abstract or general idea inferred from specific instances
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    new  analyse  leading
    ultimate  valid  marital
    establish  new  initial
    reverse  tense  constant
    minimum  put forward
    status  responsibility  role
    concept  the hypothesis
    results  dimension
    temperature  reason
    a link  atmosphere  results
    the verdict  requirement
    1.
  145. assignment
    an undertaking that you have been told to perform
    In this first assignment, we will _______________________ your work and then give you detailed
    feedback on how to improve your writing.
    a. assess b. judge c. measure
    2.
  146. adapt
    make fit for, or change to suit a new purpose
    One problem facing overseas students is adapting to new teaching
    techniques.
  147. smoker
    a person who smokes tobacco
    Fifty years ago, most smokers were not aware…
    6.
  148. unemployment
    the state of not having a job
    Before we can judge a government's success, we have to decide the ____________________, such
    as unemployment, defence or taxation.
  149. Third World
    underdeveloped or developing countries around the world collectively
    Most countries in the Far East have developed very quickly, while at the opposite
    __________________ many Third World countries have not grown at all.
  150. review
    look at again; examine again
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  151. Earth
    the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
    Until the sixteenth century, the idea that the Earth moves around the Sun
    was regarded as a ridiculous idea, whereas today we accept this concept
    as completely normal.
  152. cost of living
    average cost of basic necessities of life
    Because Paris is expensive, many organisations pay higher salaries to _________________ for the
    high cost of living there.
    a. compensate b. adjust c. redress
    9.
  153. twenty-first
    coming next after the twentieth in position
    Most economists forecast that China will become a leading world
    economy in the twenty-first century.
  154. school system
    establishment including the plant and equipment for providing education from kindergarten through high school
    Education experts from France travelled to Japan to evaluate / judge the secondary school system
    there.
  155. lorry
    a large low horse-drawn wagon without sides
    There has been a major road accident, involving / including 23 cars and 16 lorries.
  156. new moon
    the phase in which the moon is in conjunction with sun and is invisible or appears as a narrow waxing crescent
    A new moon occurs / takes place every 28 days.
  157. norm
    a standard or model or pattern regarded as typical
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
    co-ordinate (v)  discrete (adj)  estimate (n)  geography (n)
    norm (n)  pole (n)  preposition (n)  rational (adj)
    scheme (n)  source (n)  task (n)  underlie (v)
    1.
  158. viewer
    a close observer; someone who looks at something
    Because of the growth in the number of communication stations / satellites in space, viewers have
    access to more television channels.
  159. run across
    come together
    In newspapers, the layout of the columns is _____________________, while the rows run across the
    page horizontally.
  160. recruit
    cause to assemble or enlist in the military
    After the Second World War, there was a _________________ _________________ in Britain and so
    workers from other countries had to be recruited.
  161. formulate
    prepare according to instructions
    arbitrary (adj)  assign (v)  context (n)  criterion (n)  data (n)
    denote (v)  devise (v)  formulate (v)  ignore (v)  impact (n)
    similar (adj)  summary (n)  usage (n)  vertical (adj)
    1.
  162. hacker
    a programmer who breaks into computer systems
    One threat facing companies today is _________________ _________________ computer 'hackers'
    who break into the most advanced computer systems.
  163. irrespective
    in spite of everything; without regard to drawbacks
    At the bottom of the ocean, the water remains at a _________________ _________________
    irrespective of changing weather conditions at the surface.
  164. water supply
    a facility that provides a source of water
    Engineers have played a _________________ _________________ in improving our health by giving
    us clean water supplies, perhaps more so than doctors.
  165. Word
    the divine word of God; the second person in the Trinity
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  166. Thatcher
    British stateswoman; first woman to serve as Prime Minister
    Some people found Mrs Thatcher's style somewhat aggressive, while others preferred to regard her
    as having a forceful and _________________ _________________.
  167. combine
    put or add together
    Then take one word from the box on the left and
    combine this with one from the box on the right to make a collocation.
  168. do by
    interact in a certain way
    One important function of newspapers is to uncover dishonest behaviour
    and wrong-doing by those in power.
  169. Einstein
    physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)
    In 1905, Einstein published the first part of his theory…
    2.
  170. petrol
    gasoline
    When the government increased the tax on petrol, there was a resultant
    rise in transport costs.
  171. economist
    an expert in the circulation of goods and services
    Most economists forecast that China will become a leading world
    economy in the twenty-first century.
  172. tourism
    the business of providing services to travelers for pleasure
    One travel company is now advertising a completely _________________ _________________ in
    tourism: flights into outer space by rocket.
  173. in one case
    on one occasion
    In one case, a murderer may go to prison for life, while another may be set free: it all seems
    completely __________________.
  174. advertiser
    someone whose business is advertising
    Advertisers use a variety of techniques…
    10.
  175. hardening
    the act of making something harder
    The decision to give longer prison sentences indicated a hardening of the
    government's attitude towards drug offenders.
  176. overseas
    beyond or across the ocean
    One problem facing overseas students is adapting to new teaching
    techniques.
  177. university
    an institution of higher learning that grants degrees
    The lack of extra student accommodation restricted / narrowed the expansion in student numbers
    which the university was planning.
  178. increasingly
    advancing in amount or intensity
    During the 1970's and 1980's, it became increasingly evident / visible that companies in the West
    were uncompetitive.
  179. marital
    of or relating to the state of marriage
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    new  analyse  leading
    ultimate  valid  marital
    establish  new  initial
    reverse  tense  constant
    minimum  put forward
    status  responsibility  role
    concept  the hypothesis
    results  dimension
    temperature  reason
    a link  atmosphere  results
    the verdict  requirement
    1.
  180. rioting
    a state of disorder involving group violence
    Serious unrest and rioting _____________________ as a result of the decision to ignore the result of
    the election.
  181. consume
    take in as food
    Expenditure on weapons such as guns, tanks and aeroplanes consumes a large piece / portion of a
    country's wealth.
  182. pass out
    give to several people
    In the first instance, the blood passes out of the heart, through the lungs
    and along the arteries before reaching the small blood vessels within the
    skin.
  183. warranty
    written assurance that a product or service will be provided
    Most electrical products have a one- or two-year warranty in case
    something should go wrong.
  184. foreign exchange
    the system by which one currency is exchanged for another
    Because foreign exchange rates ebb and flow / fluctuate, it is not always possible for exporters to
    know how much money they will receive from sales.
  185. specify
    be particular about
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. …them t...
  186. below
    in or to a place that is lower
    In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable.
    1b – Choose the right word
    Unit One
    5
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  187. lecture
    a speech that is open to the public
    Students should not try to write down everything they hear in a lecture, but just make a
    _____________________ of the most important points.
  188. accelerate
    move faster
    The fact that population growth is still accelerating / catching up is one of the most important
    problems we face.
  189. affluence
    abundant wealth
    There is a marked ______________ between the poverty of the poorest members of society and the
    affluence of the richest.
    a. opposite b. contrast c. variation
    3.
  190. essay
    an analytic or interpretive literary composition
    I like your essay, but I want you to illustrate…
    2.
  191. vitamin
    an organic substance essential to normal metabolism
    If somebody has a diet which is deficient / inadequate in vitamins, he/she may suffer poor health
    as a result.
  192. political party
    a group that tries to run the government
    The new journalist was ____________________ to researching the election promises of the main
    political parties.
  193. contaminated
    corrupted by contact or association
    A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions ______________________
    with the AIDS virus.
    a. polluted b. poisoned c. contaminated
    12.
  194. amount of money
    a quantity of money
    It may cost an overseas student around £15,000 per year to live and study in
    Britain, which is a very large amount of money.
  195. exchange rate
    the charge for exchanging currency of one country for currency of another
    Because foreign exchange rates ebb and flow / fluctuate, it is not always possible for exporters to
    know how much money they will receive from sales.
  196. valid
    well grounded in logic or truth or having legal force
    For example, valid can be
    joined with reason.
  197. pertinent
    being of striking appropriateness
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    affect (v)  capillary (n)  notion (n)  decade (n)  emphasise (v)
    expose (v)  generate (v)  consequent (adj)  pertinent (adj)
    predict (v)  select (v)  signify (v)  structure (n)  undergo (v)
    1.
  198. cancer
    a malignant growth caused by uncontrolled cell division
    In spite of warnings about cancer, many Westerners equate…
    9.
  199. politician
    a leader engaged in civil administration
    On the basis of the latest survey, we know that most people have a very negative / bleak view of
    politicians and their parties.
  200. empirical
    derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
    Good theories are important of course, but we must have _______________ evidence to support
    them.
    a. empirical b. true c. realistic
    Start by reading through the sentences below.
  201. go wrong
    be unsuccessful
    Most electrical products have a one- or two-year warranty in case
    something should go wrong.
  202. exclude
    prevent from entering; shut out
    One difficult aspect of writing an essay is selecting material which is
    relevant to the topic and excluding irrelevant information.
  203. Numbers
    the fourth book of the Old Testament
    Numbers and results are not particularly useful in themselves; we need to interpret…
    8.
  204. noun
    a content word referring to a person, place, thing or action
    Remember that
    in the case of nouns and verbs you may need to change the form of the word:
    Unit Two 10
    2a – Fill in the gaps
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  205. uncover
    make visible
    One important function of newspapers is to uncover dishonest behaviour
    and wrong-doing by those in power.
  206. oppress
    come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority
    In a seminar or tutorial, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to
    _______________________ the discussion.
    a. overwhelm b. dominate c. oppress
    3.
  207. dimension
    a construct distinguishing objects or individuals
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    new  analyse  leading
    ultimate  valid  marital
    establish  new  initial
    reverse  tense  constant
    minimum  put forward
    status  responsibility  role
    concept  the hypothesis
    results  dimension
    temperature  reason
    a link  atmosphere  results
    the verdict  requirement
    1.
  208. try
    make an effort or attempt
    Students should not try to write down everything they hear in a lecture, but just make a
    _____________________ of the most important points.
  209. horizontally
    in a horizontal direction
    In newspapers, the layout of the columns is _____________________, while the rows run across the
    page horizontally.
  210. assess
    estimate the nature, quality, ability or significance of
    In this first assignment, we will _______________________ your work and then give you detailed
    feedback on how to improve your writing.
    a. assess b. judge c. measure
    2.
  211. car
    a motor vehicle with four wheels
    There has been a major road accident, involving / including 23 cars and 16 lorries.
  212. microscopic
    so small as to be invisible without a magnifying device
    The changes companies make to their cars are often very ______________________ and may not
    change the basic structure of the cars at all.
    a. microscopic b. superficial c. minute
    3.
  213. browser
    a viewer who looks around casually without seeking anything
    In 1990, the British researcher Tim Berners-Lee _____________________ the first browser, and so
    paved the way for the development of the World Wide Web.
  214. self-confidence
    belief in your own abilities or judgment
    He suffers from a lack of self-confidence, as shown by his very poor
    examination results.
  215. board of directors
    a group of persons chosen to govern the affairs of a corporation or other large institution
    The Managing Director may run the company, but _________________ _________________ rests
    with the Board of Directors.
  216. underneath
    on the lower or downward side; on the underside of
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  217. forceful
    characterized by power or strength
    Some people found Mrs Thatcher's style somewhat aggressive, while others preferred to regard her
    as having a forceful and _________________ _________________.
  218. extract
    remove, usually with some force or effort
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  219. warming
    the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature
    When some scientists originally _________________ _________________ known as global warming,
    the idea was not taken seriously, and yet today it is accepted by nearly everyone.
  220. Cardiff
    the capital and largest city of Wales
    If a family moves abroad, the children often adapt…
    a. …to their new environment more quickly than their parents.
    b. …towards women having top positions in the workplace.
    c. …within society and can lead to violence.
    d. …to London, Edinburgh and Cardiff.
    e. …although the police were heavily armed and very aggressive.
    f. …more people from the unemployment totals.
    g. …child workers by paying them very low wages.
    h. …this during the year rather than to try to learn everything the night be...
  221. today
    on this day as distinct from yesterday or tomorrow
    Many people think that oil will run out in the next 100 years, but they are
    assuming that we will continue to use oil at the same rate as today.
  222. Galileo
    Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)
    In the seventeenth century, Galileo demonstrated…
    12.
  223. competence
    the quality of being adequately or well qualified
    Most universities require international students to have an IELTS score of at least 6 as a
    _________________ _________________ for English language competence.
  224. bibliography
    a list of writings with time and place of publication
    The purpose of a bibliography at the end of an essay is to show the ____________________ of
    information used in writing the essay.
  225. bleak
    unpleasantly cold and damp
    On the basis of the latest survey, we know that most people have a very negative / bleak view of
    politicians and their parties.
  226. blood pressure
    the force exerted by fluid pumped through the circulatory system
    After a very difficult night, his blood pressure became ___________________ again and his family
    were allowed to visit him.
  227. credit card
    a card (usually plastic) that assures a seller that the person using it has a satisfactory credit rating and that the issuer will see to it that the seller receives payment for the merchandise delivered
    Paying for large purchases by credit card instead of in cash has become the ___________________ in
    many parts of the world.
  228. polluted
    rendered unwholesome by contaminants and pollution
    A large number of people became ill after receiving blood transfusions ______________________
    with the AIDS virus.
    a. polluted b. poisoned c. contaminated
    12.
  229. focus on
    center upon
    Before giving a presentation, always ______________________ the focus on the projector so that
    everyone can read what is on the screen.
    a. adjust b. move c. change
    2.
  230. criterion
    the ideal in terms of which something can be judged
    arbitrary (adj)  assign (v)  context (n)  criterion (n)  data (n)
    denote (v)  devise (v)  formulate (v)  ignore (v)  impact (n)
    similar (adj)  summary (n)  usage (n)  vertical (adj)
    1.
  231. world-wide
    involving the entire earth
    Without doubt, Coca-Cola is probably the _________________ _________________ of a product
    that is known world-wide.
  232. fatty
    containing or composed of fat
    His doctor advised him to give up fatty foods and to take some form of _________________
    _________________ such as golf.
  233. break into
    express or utter spontaneously
    One threat facing companies today is _________________ _________________ computer 'hackers'
    who break into the most advanced computer systems.
  234. worker
    a person who works at a specific occupation
    If a company does not observe health and safety laws, it may be fined very
    heavily if any of its workers are injured.
  235. population growth
    increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
    The fact that population growth is still accelerating / catching up is one of the most important
    problems we face.
  236. result
    something that follows as a consequence
    What will the result be if in the future we assume…
    3.
  237. endanger
    pose a threat to
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  238. English
    of or relating to England or its culture or people
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
  239. problem
    a question raised for consideration or solution
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. ...
  240. learn
    gain knowledge or skills
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  241. first and last
    taking everything together
    Students are often advised to look at the first and last ______________ of a book before attempting
    to read it in detail.
    a. headings b. chapters c. titles
    5.
  242. precede
    be earlier in time
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  243. overwhelm
    overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli
    In a seminar or tutorial, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to
    _______________________ the discussion.
    a. overwhelm b. dominate c. oppress
    3.
  244. behaviour
    the way a person behaves toward other people
    The rise in the number of deaths from AIDS has had a very significant _____________________ on
    people's sexual behaviour.
  245. change
    become different in some particular way
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  246. feedback
    the process in which output of a system is returned to input
    In this first assignment, we will _______________________ your work and then give you detailed
    feedback on how to improve your writing.
    a. assess b. judge c. measure
    2.
  247. technique
    a practical method or art applied to some particular task
    Advertisers use a variety of techniques…
    10.
  248. throw away
    throw or cast away
    Environmentalists are keen to persuade us to throw away rubbish and
    waste in more environmentally-friendly ways.
  249. restrict
    limit access to
    The lack of extra student accommodation restricted / narrowed the expansion in student numbers
    which the university was planning.
  250. completely
    with everything necessary
    In one case, a murderer may go to prison for life, while another may be set free: it all seems
    completely __________________.
  251. innovative
    introducing new ideas or creative methods
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  252. artery
    a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
    In the first instance, the blood passes out of the heart, through the lungs
    and along the arteries before reaching the small blood vessels within the
    skin.
  253. catch up
    learn belatedly; find out about something after it happened
    The fact that population growth is still accelerating / catching up is one of the most important
    problems we face.
  254. examination
    the act of scrutinizing something closely (as for mistakes)
    Assessment on this course includes / consists of coursework (30%) and examinations (70%).
  255. bold
    fearless and daring
    In each of the sentences below, decide which word in bold is more suitable.
    1b – Choose the right word
    Unit One
    5
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  256. approximate
    not quite exact or correct
    Although this is far from certain, the ______________ age of the universe is about 4.6 billion years.
    a. approximate b. general c. rough
    6.
  257. unsafe
    lacking in security or safety
    The company _________________ _________________ to the suggestion that its products were
    unsafe.
  258. verify
    confirm the truth of
    After you have submitted your application, the university will attempt to ______________ that the
    information you have supplied is correct.
    a. verify b. certify c. investigate
    8.
  259. ignore
    refuse to acknowledge
    arbitrary (adj)  assign (v)  context (n)  criterion (n)  data (n)
    denote (v)  devise (v)  formulate (v)  ignore (v)  impact (n)
    similar (adj)  summary (n)  usage (n)  vertical (adj)
    1.
  260. list
    a database containing an ordered array of items
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  261. feasible
    capable of being done with means at hand
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  262. resource
    aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed
    Although it is not very big, the library has an excellent range / variety of books, journals and other
    resources for study.
  263. electrical
    relating to or concerned with electricity
    Most electrical products have a one- or two-year warranty in case
    something should go wrong.
  264. travel to
    go to certain places as for sightseeing
    Education experts from France travelled to Japan to evaluate / judge the secondary school system
    there.
  265. scientist
    a person with advanced knowledge of empirical fields
    When some scientists originally _________________ _________________ known as global warming,
    the idea was not taken seriously, and yet today it is accepted by nearly everyone.
  266. prehistoric
    belonging to or existing before recorded times
    Prehistoric man could not think / comprehend why the moon appears to grow bigger and then
    smaller each month.
  267. launch
    propel with force
    The allied forces launched ______________ bombing raids on several important sites in and around
    the enemy capital.
    a. simultaneous b. contemporary c. coincidental
    4.
  268. ensue
    take place or happen afterward or as a result
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  269. divide
    a serious disagreement between two groups of people
    Reports are usually divided into separate _____________________ with headings such as 'Findings'
    and 'Conclusions.'
  270. outlying
    relatively far from a center or middle
    Although he had no _____________ injuries, doctors later found that he was suffering from internal
    bleeding.
    a. outside b. external c. outlying
    2.
  271. inert
    unable to move or resist motion
    Students should not be inert / passive but should try instead to contribute as much as possible to
    discussions in seminar groups.
  272. axis
    a straight line through a body or figure
    If a family moves abroad, the children often adapt…
    a. …to their new environment more quickly than their parents.
    b. …towards women having top positions in the workplace.
    c. …within society and can lead to violence.
    d. …to London, Edinburgh and Cardiff.
    e. …although the police were heavily armed and very aggressive.
    f. …more people from the unemployment totals.
    g. …child workers by paying them very low wages.
    h. …this during the year rather than to try to learn everything the night before th...
  273. use
    put into service
    We use the term "class" to _________________________ groups of people who share the same
    social and economic backgrounds.
  274. decide
    reach, make, or come to a conclusion about something
    Before we can judge a government's success, we have to decide the ____________________, such
    as unemployment, defence or taxation.
  275. entity
    that which is perceived to have its own distinct existence
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  276. convincing
    causing one to believe the truth of something
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. ...
  277. first class
    mail that includes letters and postcards and packages sealed against inspection
    Some academics have argued that standards have been falling because more students are
    _______________ first class degrees.
  278. possible
    capable of happening or existing
    It is often possible to guess the meaning of a word from the other words around it — that is to say,
    the _____________________.
  279. react
    show a response to something
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  280. unstable
    subject to change; variable
    In political terms, the Middle East is one of the most unstable __________________________ of the
    world.
    a. locations b. places c. regions
    13.
  281. implication
    something that is inferred
    In order to discuss the implications of the crisis, the President convened / gathered a meeting of
    his top advisors at the White House.
  282. put forward
    put before
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    new  analyse  leading
    ultimate  valid  marital
    establish  new  initial
    reverse  tense  constant
    minimum  put forward
    status  responsibility  role
    concept  the hypothesis
    results  dimension
    temperature  reason
    a link  atmosphere  results
    the verdict  requirement
    1.
  283. raid
    a sudden short attack
    Following the bank raid, the police followed / pursued the robbers but were unable to catch them.
  284. USA
    North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776
    The Internet was first _____________________ of as a way of linking computers in the USA
    together.
  285. satellite
    any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star
    In spite of its age, the satellite is still continuing to _________________ _________________ to Earth.
  286. investigator
    someone who inquires carefully
    Investigators have been able to _________________ _________________ between childhood illnesses
    and industrial pollution.
  287. outspoken
    given to expressing yourself freely or insistently
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    global  common  computer
    power and  previous  final
    outspoken  dynamic  positive
    physical  labour  classic
    shortage  personality  exercise
    prestige  example  critic
    experience  decision  feature
    aspects  network  economy
    1.
  288. disperse
    move away from each other
    The demonstrators refused to disperse,…
    8.
  289. harden
    make hard or harder
    The decision to give longer prison sentences indicated a hardening of the
    government's attitude towards drug offenders.
  290. malaria
    a disease caused by parasites transmitted by mosquito bite
    Everyone knows that diseases such as malaria are on the increase again, but what we are not so
    sure about is the ___________________ cause of this.
  291. two-year
    having a life cycle lasting two seasons
    Most electrical products have a one- or two-year warranty in case
    something should go wrong.
  292. wrongly
    without justice or fairness
    In some instances, a Court of Appeal may _________________ _________________ reached at the
    first trial and released somebody who has been wrongly held in prison.
  293. economically
    in a manner using the minimum of time or resources
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    endangered  sequence of
    separate  devote  highly
    transmit  assert  inhibit
    precise  reacted  verbal
    natural  economically
    events  sophisticated  angrily
    signals  species  feasible
    details  agreement  the right
    entities  phenonema
    growth  time and money
    1.
  294. hold in
    lessen the intensity of
    In some instances, a Court of Appeal may _________________ _________________ reached at the
    first trial and released somebody who has been wrongly held in prison.
  295. denote
    have as a meaning
    arbitrary (adj)  assign (v)  context (n)  criterion (n)  data (n)
    denote (v)  devise (v)  formulate (v)  ignore (v)  impact (n)
    similar (adj)  summary (n)  usage (n)  vertical (adj)
    1.
  296. changing
    marked by continuous modification or effective action
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  297. contracting
    becoming infected
    It is now possible to infer / imply a link between using mobile phones and contracting some forms
    of cancer.
  298. relevant
    having a bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
    One difficult aspect of writing an essay is selecting material which is
    relevant to the topic and excluding irrelevant information.
  299. bleed
    lose blood from one's body
    Although he had no _____________ injuries, doctors later found that he was suffering from internal
    bleeding.
    a. outside b. external c. outlying
    2.
  300. set free
    grant freedom to
    In one case, a murderer may go to prison for life, while another may be set free: it all seems
    completely __________________.
  301. immigrant
    a person who comes to a country in order to settle there
    An already difficult operation was complicated…
    a. …of the dangers of smoking.
    b. …at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
    c. …to the library where students can take a break.
    d. …the pollution problem from the car itself to the electricity station.
    e. …that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
    f. …heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely destroyed.
    g. …what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
    h. …of relativity, which ...
  302. simultaneous
    occurring or operating at the same time
    The allied forces launched ______________ bombing raids on several important sites in and around
    the enemy capital.
    a. simultaneous b. contemporary c. coincidental
    4.
  303. select
    pick out or choose from a number of alternatives
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. ...
  304. component
    one of the individual parts making up a larger entity
    Computers can be difficult to repair because there may be hundreds of different ________________
    inside.
    a. components b. pieces c. parts
    8.
  305. shuttle
    bobbin that passes the weft thread between the warp threads
    Because the weather was so bad, the astronauts abandoned / left their attempt to launch the
    space shuttle.
  306. publish
    prepare and issue for public distribution or sale
    The United Kingdom makes / publishes more books than any other country.
  307. economy
    the system of production and distribution and consumption
    Over a _________________ of twenty years, the economy grew at an average of 8% per year.
  308. record
    anything providing permanent evidence about past events
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  309. in place
    in the original or natural place or site
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  310. clothe
    provide with clothes or put clothes on
    The clothing of men and women used to be quite ___________________________, whereas today
    women often wear trousers as well as men.
    a. distinct b. diverse c. distinguished
    11.
  311. transition
    the act of passing from one state or place to the next
    Young children go through a ______________ in their development when they try to copy
    everything they hear.
    a. process b. phase c. transition
    9.
  312. act on
    carry further or advance
    Most economic theories assume that people act on a ___________________ basis, but this doesn't
    take account of the fact that we often use our emotions instead.
  313. irrelevant
    having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue
    One difficult aspect of writing an essay is selecting material which is
    relevant to the topic and excluding irrelevant information.
  314. aeroplane
    an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets
    Expenditure on weapons such as guns, tanks and aeroplanes consumes a large piece / portion of a
    country's wealth.
  315. significant
    rich in implication
    The rise in the number of deaths from AIDS has had a very significant _____________________ on
    people's sexual behaviour.
  316. focus
    the concentration of attention or energy on something
    The main concentration / focus of Greenpeace is on problems concerning pollution.
  317. ending
    the act of ending something
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  318. segment
    one of several parts that fit with others to make a whole
    Just as dividing up an orange into _____________ makes it easier to eat, always try to break up a
    longer piece of text into small blocks of words.
    a. segments b. pieces c. sections
    13.
  319. compensate
    make amends for
    Because Paris is expensive, many organisations pay higher salaries to _________________ for the
    high cost of living there.
    a. compensate b. adjust c. redress
    9.
  320. in the long run
    after a very lengthy period of time
    Unfortunately, although the _________________ _________________ were very promising, the
    project failed in the long run because of a lack of interest.
  321. English language
    an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries
    Most universities require international students to have an IELTS score of at least 6 as a
    _________________ _________________ for English language competence.
  322. forget
    dismiss from the mind; stop remembering
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  323. parking
    the act of maneuvering a vehicle into a location where it can be left temporarily
    Research _______________________ that customers want free car-parking when they go shopping.
    a. claims b. indicates c. points out
    12.
  324. employer
    a person or firm that hires workers
    Most employers insist that their employees have qualifications in English and _______________.
  325. pilot
    someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight
    Most planes today are controlled not by human pilots but by a computer system known as an
    ________________ pilot, which is even responsible for taking off and landing.
  326. facilitate
    make easier
    Many universities now have language centres to facilitate…
    7.
  327. indicate
    designate a place, direction, person, or thing
    Research _______________________ that customers want free car-parking when they go shopping.
    a. claims b. indicates c. points out
    12.
  328. aggressive
    characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight
    If a family moves abroad, the children often adapt…
    a. …to their new environment more quickly than their parents.
    b. …towards women having top positions in the workplace.
    c. …within society and can lead to violence.
    d. …to London, Edinburgh and Cardiff.
    e. …although the police were heavily armed and very aggressive.
    f. …more people from the unemployment totals.
    g. …child workers by paying them very low wages.
    h. …this during the year rather than to try to learn everything the night be...
  329. aspect
    a characteristic to be considered
    Water is made up of two _______________________, namely oxygen and hydrogen.
    a. sections b. aspects c. elements
    7.
  330. wed
    get married
    By ____________________, wedding guests in most cultures give presents or money to the newlymarried
    couple.
  331. topic
    the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
    One difficult aspect of writing an essay is selecting material which is
    relevant to the topic and excluding irrelevant information.
  332. dominate
    be in control
    In a seminar or tutorial, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to
    _______________________ the discussion.
    a. overwhelm b. dominate c. oppress
    3.
  333. tend
    have a disposition to do or be something; be inclined
    Although their plan / design was often very good, the quality of many British cars tended to be
    poor.
  334. note
    a brief written record
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  335. United Kingdom
    a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; `Great Britain' is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom
    The United Kingdom makes / publishes more books than any other country.
  336. dishonest
    deceptive or fraudulent
    One important function of newspapers is to uncover dishonest behaviour
    and wrong-doing by those in power.
  337. offender
    a person who transgresses moral or civil law
    The decision to give longer prison sentences indicated a hardening of the
    government's attitude towards drug offenders.
  338. ebb
    the outward flow of the tide
    Because foreign exchange rates ebb and flow / fluctuate, it is not always possible for exporters to
    know how much money they will receive from sales.
  339. requirement
    necessary activity
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    new  analyse  leading
    ultimate  valid  marital
    establish  new  initial
    reverse  tense  constant
    minimum  put forward
    status  responsibility  role
    concept  the hypothesis
    results  dimension
    temperature  reason
    a link  atmosphere  results
    the verdict  requirement
    1.
  340. irresponsible
    showing lack of care for consequences
    An already difficult operation was complicated…
    a. …of the dangers of smoking.
    b. …at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
    c. …to the library where students can take a break.
    d. …the pollution problem from the car itself to the electricity station.
    e. …that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
    f. …heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely destroyed.
    g. …what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
    h. …of relativity,...
  341. heading
    a line of text indicating what the passage below it is about
    Reports are usually divided into separate _____________________ with headings such as 'Findings'
    and 'Conclusions.'
  342. credible
    capable of being believed
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    accomplish (v)  adequate (adj)  area (n)  chemical (n)
    conduct (n)  consume (v)  credible (adj)  dispose of (v)
    exert (v)  manifest in (v)  occupy (v)  rely on (v)
    1.
  343. point out
    point out carefully and clearly
    Research _______________________ that customers want free car-parking when they go shopping.
    a. claims b. indicates c. points out
    12.
  344. contribute
    give, provide, or supply something
    Students should not be inert / passive but should try instead to contribute as much as possible to
    discussions in seminar groups.
  345. technically
    with regard to technique
    There is considerable doubt over whether the proposal by the American government for a manned
    trip to Mars is technically and _________________ _________________
    6.
  346. language
    a means of communicating by the use of sounds or symbols
    Choose the best ending for each of the sentence extracts below from the list underneath:
    1d – Word substitution
    From the list below, choose one word which could be used in place of the language shown in bold
    without changing the meaning of the sentence.
  347. assign
    select something or someone for a specific purpose
    arbitrary (adj)  assign (v)  context (n)  criterion (n)  data (n)
    denote (v)  devise (v)  formulate (v)  ignore (v)  impact (n)
    similar (adj)  summary (n)  usage (n)  vertical (adj)
    1.
  348. grade
    a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality
    If you submit work late, you will lose marks and may even be given a fail grade, unless you have a
    _________________ _________________ such as illness.
  349. modify
    cause to change; make different
    Increasingly, the design of buildings is being adjusted / modified to allow easier access for disabled
    people.
  350. company
    an institution created to conduct business
    During the 1970's and 1980's, it became increasingly evident / visible that companies in the West
    were uncompetitive.
  351. theoretical
    concerned with hypotheses and not practical considerations
    Surprisingly perhaps, the biggest _________________________ health risk for tourists travelling
    abroad is actually road traffic accidents.
    a. potential b. possible c. theoretical
    6.
  352. dynamic
    characterized by action or forcefulness of personality
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    global  common  computer
    power and  previous  final
    outspoken  dynamic  positive
    physical  labour  classic
    shortage  personality  exercise
    prestige  example  critic
    experience  decision  feature
    aspects  network  economy
    1.
  353. responsible for
    being the agent or cause
    Most planes today are controlled not by human pilots but by a computer system known as an
    ________________ pilot, which is even responsible for taking off and landing.
  354. commune
    share or interact intimately with
    Extreme religious groups living in isolated communes / societies have been responsible for a
    number of violent crimes.
  355. achieve
    gain with effort
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  356. equilibrium
    a stable situation in which forces cancel one another
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  357. finish
    come or bring to an end
    Remember that you may need to change the
    form or in some cases the grammatical class of the word:
    Unit One 6
    1c – Finish the sentence
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  358. create
    bring into existence
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    achieve (v)  automatic (adj)  conceive (v)  create (v)
    ensue (v)  equilibrium (n)  manipulate (v)
    mathematics (n)  innovative (adj)  period (n)  precede (v)
    section (n)  series (n)  stable (adj)  tradition (n)
    1.
  359. expression
    the communication of your beliefs or opinions
    Don't forget to keep a record of the words and expressions that you have learnt, review
    your notes from time to time and try to use new vocabulary items whenever possible.
  360. develop
    progress or evolve through a process of natural growth
    Most countries in the Far East have developed very quickly, while at the opposite
    __________________ many Third World countries have not grown at all.
  361. narrowed
    made narrow; limited in breadth
    The lack of extra student accommodation restricted / narrowed the expansion in student numbers
    which the university was planning.
  362. fastest
    most quickly
    There are many reasons behind the success of the fastest-growing economies, but one common
    factor / idea seems to be high levels of education.
  363. redress
    make reparations or amends for
    Because Paris is expensive, many organisations pay higher salaries to _________________ for the
    high cost of living there.
    a. compensate b. adjust c. redress
    9.
  364. unite
    join or combine
    The United Kingdom makes / publishes more books than any other country.
  365. lung
    either of two saclike respiratory organs in the chest of vertebrates; serves to remove carbon dioxide and provide oxygen to the blood
    In the first instance, the blood passes out of the heart, through the lungs
    and along the arteries before reaching the small blood vessels within the
    skin.
  366. generate
    bring into existence
    For reference see Easier English Dictionary for Students (978 07475 6624 3).
    affect (v)  capillary (n)  notion (n)  decade (n)  emphasise (v)
    expose (v)  generate (v)  consequent (adj)  pertinent (adj)
    predict (v)  select (v)  signify (v)  structure (n)  undergo (v)
    1.
  367. temperature
    the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment
    Although the world is getting warmer slowly, the increase in temperature varies / fluctuates from
    country to country.
  368. Nation
    United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911)
    Member countries award / contribute money to the United Nations to pay for the running of the
    organization.
  369. Mozart
    prolific Austrian composer and child prodigy
    Although Mozart lived for only 40 years, he achieved a great deal in his
    short life.
  370. without doubt
    admittedly
    Without doubt, Coca-Cola is probably the _________________ _________________ of a product
    that is known world-wide.
  371. AIDS
    a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
    The rise in the number of deaths from AIDS has had a very significant _____________________ on
    people's sexual behaviour.
  372. countryside
    rural regions
    Following the demonstrations by thousands of students, there was a very _________________
    _________________ in the capital, with many choosing to leave the city and head for the
    countryside.
  373. long run
    a period of time sufficient for factors to work themselves out
    Unfortunately, although the _________________ _________________ were very promising, the
    project failed in the long run because of a lack of interest.
  374. tan
    a light brown the color of topaz
    The investigation was stopped because the witnesses could not identify…
    a. …theories, from which they have to select the most convincing.
    b. …happiness in many different ways.
    c. …that nearly everyone has access to a motor car?
    d. …the programs they use are becoming much easier to operate.
    e. …a sun tan with health and youthfulness.
    f. …the man they had seen commit the robbery.
    g. …language learning for international students.
    h. …at a cost of over £8 billion.
    i. …of this problem.
    j. ...
  375. new
    not of long duration
    The Prime Minister set up a committee of financial experts to help him discuss and
    _________________ new policies.
  376. radiation
    the act of spreading outward from a central source
    Many people were killed instantly at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but thousands more died from
    _________________ radiation sickness.
    a. succeeding b. following c. subsequent
    10.
  377. combination
    the act of bringing things together to form a new whole
    Then try to match your combinations with the spaces in the sentences
    below:
    Unit One 8
    1f – Make a collocation
    © A&C Black Publishers Ltd 2007.
  378. customer
    someone who pays for goods or services
    Research _______________________ that customers want free car-parking when they go shopping.
    a. claims b. indicates c. points out
    12.
  379. absorb
    take in a liquid
    Poisonous substances released into the sea may be absorbed by fish and
    then find their way into the human food chain.
  380. be on
    appear in a show, on T.V. or radio
    The main concentration / focus of Greenpeace is on problems concerning pollution.
  381. assume
    take to be the case or to be true
    What will the result be if in the future we assume…
    3.
Created on Sat Nov 12 17:27:24 EST 2011

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