TPO 4-3 Petroleum Resources

Lin G.
179 words 10 learners

Learn words with Flashcards and other activities

Definition First
Print Flashcards

Other learning activities

Answer a few questions about each word. Use this to prep for your next quiz! Compete with other teams in real time to see who answers the most questions correctly! Test your spelling acumen. Read the definition, listen to the word and try spelling it!

Teaching tools

Create and assign quizzes to your students to test their vocabulary. Assign learning activities including Practice, Vocabulary Jams and Spelling Bees to your students, and monitor their progress in real-time.

Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. resource
    aid or support that may be drawn upon when needed
    Unless something acts to halt this migration, these natural resources will eventually reach the surface.
  2. consist
    have its essential character
    Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  3. crude
    belonging to an early stage of technical development
    Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  4. originate
    come into existence; take on form or shape
    Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  5. organic
    having properties characteristic of living beings
    Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  6. marine
    of or relating to the sea
    Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  7. sediment
    matter that has been deposited by some natural process
    Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  8. organism
    a living thing that can act or function independently
    Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud.
  9. settle
    become resolved, fixed, established, or quiet
    Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud.
  10. accumulate
    get or gather together
    Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud.
  11. decompose
    break down
    The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment.
  12. dissolve
    pass into a solution
    The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment.
  13. decay
    the organic phenomenon of rotting
    As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.
  14. remaining
    not used up
    As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.
  15. preserve
    keep in safety and protect from harm, loss, or destruction
    As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved.
  16. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
  17. temperature
    the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment
    Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
  18. pressure
    the act of putting pressure on something
    Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
  19. convert
    change the nature, purpose, or function of something
    Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits’ settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas.
  20. muddy
    soft and watery, of soil
    As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby.
  21. squeeze
    press firmly
    As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby.
  22. layer
    a single thickness of some substance or material
    As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby.
  23. period
    an amount of time
    Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers.
  24. accumulation
    a gain or increase in something over time
    Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers.
  25. collect
    gather
    Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers.
  26. dense
    having high compaction or concentration
    Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.
  27. saturated
    unable to dissolve still more of a substance
    Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.
  28. region
    the extended spatial location of something
    Oil pools are valuable underground accumulations of oil, and oil fields are regions underlain by one or more oil pools.
  29. discover
    determine the existence, presence, or fact of
    When an oil pool or field has been discovered, wells are drilled into the ground.
  30. permanent
    continuing or enduring without marked change in status
    Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe.
  31. tower
    a structure taller than its diameter
    Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe.
  32. handle
    touch, lift, or hold
    Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe.
  33. section
    one of several parts or pieces that fit with others
    Permanent towers, called derricks, used to be built to handle the long sections of drilling pipe.
  34. portable
    easily or conveniently transported
    Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed.
  35. machine
    a mechanical or electrical device that transmits energy
    Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed.
  36. dismantle
    take off or remove
    Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed.
  37. removed
    separate or apart in time, space, or character
    Now portable drilling machines are set up and are then dismantled and removed.
  38. density
    the amount per unit size
    When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it.
  39. difference
    the quality of being unlike or dissimilar
    When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it.
  40. expand
    extend in one or more directions
    When the well reaches a pool, oil usually rises up the well because of its density difference with water beneath it or because of the pressure of expanding gas trapped above it.
  41. control
    power to direct or determine
    Although this rise of oil is almost always carefully controlled today, spouts of oil, or gushers, were common in the past.
  42. adjacent
    having a common boundary or edge
    Water or steam may be pumped down adjacent wells to help push the oil out.
  43. separate
    standing apart; not attached to or supported by anything
    At a refinery, the crude oil from underground is separated into natural gas, gasoline, kerosene, and various oils.
  44. plastic
    synthetic material that can be molded into objects
    Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.
  45. manufacture
    put together out of artificial or natural components
    Petrochemicals such as dyes, fertilizer, and plastic are also manufactured from the petroleum.
  46. difficult
    requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish
    As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments.
  47. search
    look or seek
    As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments.
  48. extend
    stretch out over a distance, space, time, or scope
    As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments.
  49. hostile
    characterized by enmity or ill will
    As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments.
  50. environment
    the totality of surrounding conditions
    As oil becomes increasingly difficult to find, the search for it is extended into more-hostile environments.
  51. development
    a process in which something passes to a different stage
    The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries.
  52. slope
    be at an angle
    The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries.
  53. construction
    the act of building something
    The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries.
  54. example
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
    The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries.
  55. involved
    connected by participation or association or use
    The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries.
  56. discovery
    the act of finding something
    The development of the oil field on the North Slope of Alaska and the construction of the Alaska pipeline are examples of the great expense and difficulty involved in new oil discoveries.
  57. platform
    a raised horizontal surface
    Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents.
  58. submarine
    a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes
    Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents.
  59. edge
    a line determining the limits of an area
    Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents.
  60. continent
    one of the large landmasses of the earth
    Offshore drilling platforms extend the search for oil to the ocean’s continental shelves—those gently sloping submarine regions at the edges of the continents.
  61. expensive
    high in price or charging high prices
    More than one-quarter of the world’s oil and almost one-fifth of the world’s natural gas come from offshore, even though offshore drilling is six to seven times more expensive than drilling on land.
  62. significant
    rich in implication
    A significant part of this oil and gas comes from under the North Sea between Great Britain and Norway.
  63. recover
    regain or make up for
    Of course, there is far more oil underground than can be recovered.
  64. potential
    existing in possibility
    It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling.
  65. justify
    show to be right by providing proof
    It may be in a pool too small or too far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling.
  66. forbidden
    excluded from use or mention
    Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands.
  67. extraction
    taking out something
    Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface.
  68. technique
    a practical method or art applied to some particular task
    Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface.
  69. percent
    a proportion in relation to a whole
    Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface.
  70. surface
    the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer
    Even given the best extraction techniques, only about 30 to 40 percent of the oil in a given pool can be brought to the surface.
  71. extract
    remove, usually with some force or effort
    The rest is far too difficult to extract and has to remain underground.
  72. consumer
    a person who uses goods or services
    Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line.
  73. create
    bring into existence
    Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line.
  74. environmental
    of or relating to the external conditions or surroundings
    Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line.
  75. problem
    a question raised for consideration or solution
    Moreover, getting petroleum out of the ground and from under the sea and to the consumer can create environmental problems anywhere along the line.
  76. serious
    of great consequence
    Pipelines carrying oil can be broken by faults or landslides, causing serious oil spills.
  77. cargo
    goods carried by a large vehicle
    Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea.
  78. collision
    an accident resulting from violent impact of a moving object
    Spillage from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, involved in collisions or accidental groundings (such as the one off Alaska in 1989) can create oil slicks at sea.
  79. drift
    be in motion due to some air or water current
    Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment.
  80. foul
    highly offensive; arousing aversion or disgust
    Offshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment.
  81. subside
    wear off or die down
    Sometimes, the ground at an oil field may subside as oil is removed.
  82. barrier
    a structure or object that impedes free movement
    The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area.
  83. prevent
    keep from happening or arising; make impossible
    The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area.
  84. flood
    the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto land
    The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area.
  85. area
    the extent of a two-dimensional surface within a boundary
    The Wilmington field near Long Beach, California, has subsided nine meters in 50 years; protective barriers have had to be built to prevent seawater from flooding the area.
  86. refining
    the process of removing impurities
    Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution.
  87. product
    an artifact that has been created by someone or some process
    Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution.
  88. pollution
    contamination of the natural environment
    Finally, the refining and burning of petroleum and its products can cause air pollution.
  89. advance
    move forward
    Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
  90. technology
    the practical application of science to commerce or industry
    Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
  91. strict
    rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard
    Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
  92. adverse
    in an opposing direction
    Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
  93. effect
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
    Advancing technology and strict laws, however, are helping control some of these adverse environmental effects.
  94. paragraph
    one of several distinct subdivisions of a text
    Paragraph 1: Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment.
  95. passage
    the act of moving from one state or place to the next
    1．The word “accumulate” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○grow up ○build up ○spread out ○break apart 2．According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about petroleum formation?
  96. meaning
    the message that is intended or expressed or signified
    1．The word “accumulate” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○grow up ○build up ○spread out ○break apart 2．According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about petroleum formation?
  97. accord
    concurrence of opinion
    1．The word “accumulate” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○grow up ○build up ○spread out ○break apart 2．According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true about petroleum formation?
  98. material
    the substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
    ○Petroleum is produced when organic material in sediments combines with decaying marine organisms.
  99. combine
    put or add together
    ○Petroleum is produced when organic material in sediments combines with decaying marine organisms.
  100. author
    a person who writes professionally
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  101. primary
    of first rank or importance or value
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  102. purpose
    what something is used for
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  103. describe
    give a statement representing something
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  104. explain
    make plain and comprehensible
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  105. provide
    give something useful or necessary to
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  106. evidence
    knowledge on which to base belief
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  107. occur
    come to pass
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  108. sentence
    a string of words satisfying grammatical rules of a language
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  109. essential
    basic and fundamental
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  110. highlight
    an area of brightness in a picture
    3．In paragraphs 1 and 2, the author’s primary purpose is to ○describe how petroleum is formed ○explain why petroleum formation is a slow process ○provide evidence that a marine environment is necessary for petroleum formation ○show that oil commonly occurs in association with gas 4．Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?
  111. promote
    assign to a higher position
    ○Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.
  112. responsible
    worthy of or requiring trust; held accountable
    ○Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.
  113. increase
    a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous
    ○Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.
  114. transform
    change or alter in appearance or nature
    ○The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum once they are buried under mud.
  115. exist
    have a presence
    5．The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○nearby ○existing ○special ○deep 6．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about gushers?
  116. infer
    conclude by reasoning
    5．The word “adjacent” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○nearby ○existing ○special ○deep 6．Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3 about gushers?
  117. signal
    any action or gesture that encodes a message
    ○They signal the presence of huge oil reserves.
  118. presence
    current existence
    ○They signal the presence of huge oil reserves.
  119. reserve
    hold back or set aside, especially for future use
    ○They signal the presence of huge oil reserves.
  120. strategy
    an elaborate and systematic plan of action
    7．Which of the following strategies for oil exploration is described in paragraph 4?
  121. exploration
    travel for the purpose of discovery
    7．Which of the following strategies for oil exploration is described in paragraph 4?
  122. limit
    as far as something can go
    ○Limiting drilling to accessible locations
  123. accessible
    capable of being reached
    ○Limiting drilling to accessible locations
  124. location
    the act of putting something in a certain place
    ○Limiting drilling to accessible locations
  125. sophisticated
    having worldly knowledge and refinement
    ○Using highly sophisticated drilling equipment
  126. equipment
    an instrumentality needed for an undertaking
    ○Using highly sophisticated drilling equipment
  127. construct
    make by combining materials and parts
    ○Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms 8．What does the development of the Alaskan oil field mentioned in paragraph 4 demonstrate?
  128. mention
    make reference to
    ○Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms 8．What does the development of the Alaskan oil field mentioned in paragraph 4 demonstrate?
  129. demonstrate
    give an exhibition of to an interested audience
    ○Constructing technologically advanced drilling platforms 8．What does the development of the Alaskan oil field mentioned in paragraph 4 demonstrate?
  130. require
    have need of
    ○Drilling for oil requires major financial investments.
  131. major
    greater in scope or effect
    ○Drilling for oil requires major financial investments.
  132. financial
    involving fiscal matters
    ○Drilling for oil requires major financial investments.
  133. investment
    laying out money or capital in an enterprise
    ○Drilling for oil requires major financial investments.
  134. global
    involving the entire earth
    ○The global demand for oil has increased over the years.
  135. demand
    request urgently and forcefully
    ○The global demand for oil has increased over the years.
  136. substantial
    real; having a material or factual existence
    ○The North Slope of Alaska has substantial amounts of oil.
  137. shifting
    changing position or direction
    9．The word “sloping” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○shifting ○inclining ○forming ○rolling
  138. incline
    lower or bend, as in a nod or bow
    9．The word “sloping” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○shifting ○inclining ○forming ○rolling
  139. decision
    a position or opinion reached after consideration
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  140. depend
    be determined by something else
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  141. factor
    anything that contributes causally to a result
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  142. access
    the right to enter
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  143. availability
    the quality of being at hand when needed
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  144. sufficient
    of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  145. quantity
    how much there is or how many there are of something
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  146. relation
    the state or quality of having something in common
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  147. site
    the piece of land on which something is located
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  148. political
    involving or characteristic of governing or social power
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  149. situation
    physical position in relation to the surroundings
    10．According to paragraph 5, the decision to drill for oil depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT ○permission to access the area where oil has been found ○the availability of sufficient quantities of oil in a pool ○the location of the market in relation to the drilling site ○the political situation in the region where drilling would occur
  150. pollute
    contaminate; make impure
    11．The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○reach ○flood ○pollute ○alter 12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to ○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment ○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress ○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment ○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
  151. alter
    cause to change; make different
    11．The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○reach ○flood ○pollute ○alter 12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to ○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment ○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress ○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment ○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
  152. accident
    an unfortunate mishap
    11．The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○reach ○flood ○pollute ○alter 12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to ○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment ○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress ○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment ○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
  153. progress
    the act of moving forward, as toward a goal
    11．The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○reach ○flood ○pollute ○alter 12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to ○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment ○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress ○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment ○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
  154. analysis
    abstract separation of something into its various parts
    11．The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○reach ○flood ○pollute ○alter 12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to ○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment ○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress ○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment ○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
  155. legislation
    the act of making or enacting laws
    11．The word “foul” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○reach ○flood ○pollute ○alter 12．In paragraph 6, the author’s primary purpose is to ○provide examples of how oil exploration can endanger the environment ○describe accidents that have occurred when oil activities were in progress ○give an analysis of the effects of oil spills on the environment ○explain how technology and legislation help reduce oil spills
  156. indicate
    designate a place, direction, person, or thing
    █ 13.Look at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
  157. halt
    cause to stop
    Unless something acts to halt this migration, these natural resources will eventually reach the surface.
  158. migration
    the movement of persons from one locality to another
    Unless something acts to halt this migration, these natural resources will eventually reach the surface.
  159. eventually
    after an unspecified period of time or a long delay
    Unless something acts to halt this migration, these natural resources will eventually reach the surface.
  160. direction
    a line leading to a place or point
    14．Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
  161. brief
    of short duration or distance
    14．Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below.
  162. complete
    having all necessary qualities
    Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.
  163. select
    pick out or choose from a number of alternatives
    Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.
  164. minor
    inferior in number or size or amount
    Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.
  165. broad
    having great extent from one side to the other
    “Petroleum” is a broad term that includes both crude oil and natural gas.
  166. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    “Petroleum” is a broad term that includes both crude oil and natural gas.
  167. biological
    pertaining to life and living things
    ○Petroleum formation is the result of biological as well as chemical activity.
  168. chemical
    produced by reactions involving atomic or molecular changes
    ○Petroleum formation is the result of biological as well as chemical activity.
  169. adequate
    having the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task
    ○The difficulty of finding adequate sources of oil on land has resulted in a greater number of offshore drilling sites.
  170. source
    the place where something begins
    ○The difficulty of finding adequate sources of oil on land has resulted in a greater number of offshore drilling sites.
  171. negative
    characterized by denial or opposition or resistance
    ○Petroleum extraction can have a negative impact on the environment.
  172. impact
    the striking of one body against another
    ○Petroleum extraction can have a negative impact on the environment.
  173. current
    occurring in or belonging to the present time
    ○Current methods of petroleum extraction enable oil producers to recover about half of the world’s petroleum reserves.
  174. method
    a way of doing something, especially a systematic way
    ○Current methods of petroleum extraction enable oil producers to recover about half of the world’s petroleum reserves.
  175. enable
    provide the means to perform some task
    ○Current methods of petroleum extraction enable oil producers to recover about half of the world’s petroleum reserves.
  176. producer
    someone who manufactures something
    ○Current methods of petroleum extraction enable oil producers to recover about half of the world’s petroleum reserves.
  177. involve
    contain as a part
    ○Accidents involving oil tankers occur when tankers run into shore reefs or collide with other vessels.
  178. collide
    crash together with violent impact
    ○Accidents involving oil tankers occur when tankers run into shore reefs or collide with other vessels.
  179. vessel
    an object used as a container, especially for liquids
    ○Accidents involving oil tankers occur when tankers run into shore reefs or collide with other vessels.
Created on Sat May 26 07:15:26 EDT 2012

Sign up now (it’s free!)

Whether you’re a teacher or a learner, Vocabulary.com can put you or your class on the path to systematic vocabulary improvement.