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The Myth That a Cleaner Car Is Less Safe Than a Dirty One By Daniel F. Becker and James Gerstenzang

I had the same delusion. The fact is that a cleaner car is not that clean....
Retrieved from The New York Times.
Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/02/opinion/myth-cleaner-car-less-safe-than-dirty-one.html
150 words 9 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. outpace
    surpass, especially in speed
    The Consumer Federation of America reports that consistent new-car sales of nearly 17 million a year are outpacing the annual retirement of roughly 13 million older vehicles.
  2. pollutant
    waste matter that contaminates the water, air, or soil
    The Trump plan would lower that average to 29 m.p.g. on the road and spew an additional 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the key global warming pollutant, by 2040, according to estimates by the Union of Concerned Scientists.
  3. vehicle
    a conveyance that transports people or objects
    It assumes that higher sticker prices for new cars will keep Americans in older, less safe vehicles.
  4. fatality
    the quality of being able to cause death
    Yet fuel economy has improved 88.5 percent over the past four decades while motor vehicle fatalities per miles have dropped 65 percent.
  5. stringent
    demanding strict attention to rules and procedures
    Encouraged by automakers to roll back President Barack Obama’s stringent fuel-efficiency rules, the administration unveiled a proposal on Thursday doing just that.
  6. pollution
    contamination of the natural environment
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  7. ford
    cross a river where it's shallow
    Ford Expedition S.U.V.s coming off the assembly line in Louisville, Ky. The Trump administration is seeking to roll back Obama-rules on fuel efficiency.CreditBill
  8. affiliated
    being joined in close association
    His group is affiliated with our Safe Climate Campaign.
  9. administration
    the act of governing or exercising authority
    Ford Expedition S.U.V.s coming off the assembly line in Louisville, Ky. The Trump administration is seeking to roll back Obama-rules on fuel efficiency.CreditBill
  10. efficiency
    skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort
    Ford Expedition S.U.V.s coming off the assembly line in Louisville, Ky. The Trump administration is seeking to roll back Obama-rules on fuel efficiency.CreditBill
  11. outweigh
    be more important or signficant than
    Savings at the pump greatly outweigh the cost of gas-saving technology.
  12. technology
    the practical application of science to commerce or industry
    The administration’s plan cooks the books: It claims clean-car technology would cost far more than the Obama team projected.
  13. brakes
    a device that works to slow a motor vehicle
    When auto executives asked President Trump to start rolling the mileage rules downhill, they didn’t anticipate that he would remove the brakes.
  14. brake
    a restraint used to slow or stop a vehicle
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  15. exhaustive
    performed comprehensively and completely
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  16. engineering
    applying scientific knowledge to practical problems
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  17. occupant
    someone who lives at a particular place for a long period
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  18. fabricate
    put together out of artificial or natural components
    To justify rolling back auto gas mileage and emissions rules, the Trump administration has fabricated a false conflict between safety and improved fuel economy.
  19. balk
    refuse to proceed or comply
    Consumers haven’t balked at buying cleaner vehicles with advanced technology, despite slightly higher prices.
  20. crash
    break violently or noisily
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  21. stationary
    not capable of being moved
    Fifty-five percent of fatalities occur in single-vehicle crashes, in which, for example, a vehicle strikes a bridge abutment or other stationary object.
  22. brag
    show off
    Even as the standard has grown increasingly tough, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers has bragged of the industry’s “unprecedented seven-year growth trend.”
  23. emission
    the act of causing to flow forth
    To justify rolling back auto gas mileage and emissions rules, the Trump administration has fabricated a false conflict between safety and improved fuel economy.
  24. fuel
    a substance that can be consumed to produce energy
    Ford Expedition S.U.V.s coming off the assembly line in Louisville, Ky. The Trump administration is seeking to roll back Obama-rules on fuel efficiency.CreditBill
  25. surviving
    still in existence
    So, according to Insurance Institute for Highway Safety data, chances of surviving such a crash are better in a Chevrolet Volt, one of the most efficient vehicles, than in any number of much heavier gas-guzzling trucks.
  26. standard
    a basis for comparison
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  27. trump
    get the better of
    Trump’s Cynical Attack on Clean Cars .
  28. pump
    a device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction
    Savings at the pump greatly outweigh the cost of gas-saving technology.
  29. unprecedented
    novel; having no earlier occurrence
    Even as the standard has grown increasingly tough, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers has bragged of the industry’s “unprecedented seven-year growth trend.”
  30. unveil
    make visible
    Encouraged by automakers to roll back President Barack Obama’s stringent fuel-efficiency rules, the administration unveiled a proposal on Thursday doing just that.
  31. gallon
    United States liquid unit equal to 4 quarts or 3.785 liters
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  32. ignore
    refuse to acknowledge
    The administration is ignoring three central facts:
  33. projected
    predicted in advance; probable
    The administration’s plan cooks the books: It claims clean-car technology would cost far more than the Obama team projected.
  34. stability
    the quality or attribute of being firm and steadfast
    Automakers, too, have a long history of fighting safety measures, objecting to requirements that they install airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and electronic stability to prevent rollovers.
  35. consumer
    a person who uses goods or services
    (Since the Obama targets took effect in 2012, consumers have saved more than $60 billion.)
  36. data
    a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
    And, since fuel-efficiency rules took effect in the mid-1970s, the government’s own data demonstrate that vehicles have grown increasingly clean and safe.
  37. improvement
    the act of making something better
    Its preferred option: bringing progress to a halt by requiring no further mileage improvements in new cars and light trucks beyond 2020.
  38. average
    an intermediate scale value regarded as normal or usual
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  39. forecast
    a prediction about how something will develop
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  40. trend
    a general tendency to change, as of opinion
    Even as the standard has grown increasingly tough, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers has bragged of the industry’s “unprecedented seven-year growth trend.”
  41. climate
    the weather in some location averaged over a period of time
    It is the biggest single step any nation has taken to fight climate change.
  42. automatic
    operating with minimal human intervention
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  43. scrap
    a small fragment of something broken off from the whole
    If the Trump administration scraps it, both drivers and the climate will suffer.
  44. retirement
    the state of being withdrawn from one's business
    The Consumer Federation of America reports that consistent new-car sales of nearly 17 million a year are outpacing the annual retirement of roughly 13 million older vehicles.
  45. myth
    a traditional story serving to explain a world view
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  46. weight
    the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  47. requirement
    necessary activity
    Automakers, too, have a long history of fighting safety measures, objecting to requirements that they install airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and electronic stability to prevent rollovers.
  48. install
    set up for use
    Automakers, too, have a long history of fighting safety measures, objecting to requirements that they install airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and electronic stability to prevent rollovers.
  49. equivalent
    being essentially comparable to something
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  50. impact
    the striking of one body against another
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  51. percent
    a proportion in relation to a whole
    Yet fuel economy has improved 88.5 percent over the past four decades while motor vehicle fatalities per miles have dropped 65 percent.
  52. deliver
    bring to a destination
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  53. emergency
    a sudden unforeseen crisis that requires immediate action
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  54. option
    one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen
    Its preferred option: bringing progress to a halt by requiring no further mileage improvements in new cars and light trucks beyond 2020.
  55. executive
    a person responsible for the administration of a business
    “The standard is pushing automakers to use advanced materials and other technology to cut pollution and make us all safer on the road,” Jason Levine, executive director of the Center for Auto Safety, told us.
  56. conventional
    following accepted customs and proprieties
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  57. analysis
    abstract separation of something into its various parts
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  58. preferred
    more desirable than another
    Its preferred option: bringing progress to a halt by requiring no further mileage improvements in new cars and light trucks beyond 2020.
  59. estimate
    judge tentatively
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  60. central
    in or near an inner area
    The administration is ignoring three central facts:
  61. protect
    shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  62. planet
    a celestial body that revolves around the sun
    The original standard would deliver cars and light trucks that are safer on the road and safer for the planet.
  63. global
    involving the entire earth
    The Trump plan would lower that average to 29 m.p.g. on the road and spew an additional 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the key global warming pollutant, by 2040, according to estimates by the Union of Concerned Scientists.
  64. consistent
    the same throughout in structure or composition
    The Consumer Federation of America reports that consistent new-car sales of nearly 17 million a year are outpacing the annual retirement of roughly 13 million older vehicles.
  65. target
    a reference point to shoot at
    (Since the Obama targets took effect in 2012, consumers have saved more than $60 billion.)
  66. plan
    a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be achieved
    The Trump plan would lower that average to 29 m.p.g. on the road and spew an additional 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the key global warming pollutant, by 2040, according to estimates by the Union of Concerned Scientists.
  67. mechanics
    the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies
    This is auto mechanics, not rocket science.
  68. test
    standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or aptitude
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  69. reduce
    make smaller
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  70. motor
    machine that creates mechanical energy and imparts movement
    Yet fuel economy has improved 88.5 percent over the past four decades while motor vehicle fatalities per miles have dropped 65 percent.
  71. potential
    existing in possibility
    Facing potential public relations headaches, even automakers distanced themselves from it as the administration prepared the new rules.
  72. predict
    make a guess about what will happen in the future
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  73. efficient
    being effective without wasting time, effort, or expense
    So, according to Insurance Institute for Highway Safety data, chances of surviving such a crash are better in a Chevrolet Volt, one of the most efficient vehicles, than in any number of much heavier gas-guzzling trucks.
  74. improve
    to make better
    To justify rolling back auto gas mileage and emissions rules, the Trump administration has fabricated a false conflict between safety and improved fuel economy.
  75. decade
    a period of 10 years
    Yet fuel economy has improved 88.5 percent over the past four decades while motor vehicle fatalities per miles have dropped 65 percent.
  76. anticipate
    regard something as probable or likely
    When auto executives asked President Trump to start rolling the mileage rules downhill, they didn’t anticipate that he would remove the brakes.
  77. role
    the actions and activities assigned to a person or group
    The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, with the Environmental Protection Agency, plays a central role in determining the rules’ stringency.
  78. absorb
    take in a liquid
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  79. increase
    a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  80. proposal
    the act of making a suggestion
    Encouraged by automakers to roll back President Barack Obama’s stringent fuel-efficiency rules, the administration unveiled a proposal on Thursday doing just that.
  81. senior
    advanced in years
    Compared with lighter vehicles, heavier ones “do not brake or handle as well and are more likely to roll over,” John German, a senior fellow at the International Council on Clean Transportation, told us.
  82. material
    the substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  83. conflict
    an open clash between two opposing groups
    To justify rolling back auto gas mileage and emissions rules, the Trump administration has fabricated a false conflict between safety and improved fuel economy.
  84. engineer
    a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve problems
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  85. version
    something a little different from others of the same type
    A version of this article appears in print on Aug. 3, 2018
  86. additional
    further or extra
    The Trump plan would lower that average to 29 m.p.g. on the road and spew an additional 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the key global warming pollutant, by 2040, according to estimates by the Union of Concerned Scientists.
  87. original
    preceding all others in time
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  88. halt
    cause to stop
    Its preferred option: bringing progress to a halt by requiring no further mileage improvements in new cars and light trucks beyond 2020.
  89. demonstrate
    give an exhibition of to an interested audience
    And, since fuel-efficiency rules took effect in the mid-1970s, the government’s own data demonstrate that vehicles have grown increasingly clean and safe.
  90. warning
    a message informing of danger
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  91. agency
    the state of being in action or exerting power
    But the highway agency has a long history of protecting automakers instead of the public.
  92. assembly
    a group of persons gathered together for a common purpose
    Ford Expedition S.U.V.s coming off the assembly line in Louisville, Ky. The Trump administration is seeking to roll back Obama-rules on fuel efficiency.CreditBill
  93. convert
    change the nature, purpose, or function of something
    Ford proved that efficiency and safety go hand in hand when it converted the steel bodies of its F-150 pickups to aluminum.
  94. justify
    show to be right by providing proof
    To justify rolling back auto gas mileage and emissions rules, the Trump administration has fabricated a false conflict between safety and improved fuel economy.
  95. annual
    occurring every year
    The Consumer Federation of America reports that consistent new-car sales of nearly 17 million a year are outpacing the annual retirement of roughly 13 million older vehicles.
  96. model
    a representation of something, often on a smaller scale
    It lopped 700 pounds from America’s best-selling model and helped lift mileage by four m.p.g.
  97. claim
    assert or affirm strongly
    The administration’s plan cooks the books: It claims clean-car technology would cost far more than the Obama team projected.
  98. advance
    move forward
    Consumers haven’t balked at buying cleaner vehicles with advanced technology, despite slightly higher prices.
  99. handle
    touch, lift, or hold
    Compared with lighter vehicles, heavier ones “do not brake or handle as well and are more likely to roll over,” John German, a senior fellow at the International Council on Clean Transportation, told us.
  100. edition
    the form in which a text is published
    of the New York edition
  101. fleet
    group of aircraft operating under the same ownership
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  102. economy
    the system of production and distribution and consumption
    To justify rolling back auto gas mileage and emissions rules, the Trump administration has fabricated a false conflict between safety and improved fuel economy.
  103. expose
    make visible or apparent
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  104. energy
    forceful exertion
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  105. encourage
    inspire with confidence
    Encouraged by automakers to roll back President Barack Obama’s stringent fuel-efficiency rules, the administration unveiled a proposal on Thursday doing just that.
  106. job
    a specific piece of work required to be done as a duty
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  107. according
    in agreement with
    The Trump plan would lower that average to 29 m.p.g. on the road and spew an additional 2.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the key global warming pollutant, by 2040, according to estimates by the Union of Concerned Scientists.
  108. object
    a tangible and visible entity
    Fifty-five percent of fatalities occur in single-vehicle crashes, in which, for example, a vehicle strikes a bridge abutment or other stationary object.
  109. risk
    a source of danger
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  110. assume
    take to be the case or to be true
    It assumes that higher sticker prices for new cars will keep Americans in older, less safe vehicles.
  111. progress
    the act of moving forward, as toward a goal
    Its preferred option: bringing progress to a halt by requiring no further mileage improvements in new cars and light trucks beyond 2020.
  112. drive
    operate or control a vehicle
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  113. effect
    a phenomenon that is caused by some previous phenomenon
    (Since the Obama targets took effect in 2012, consumers have saved more than $60 billion.)
  114. feature
    a prominent attribute or aspect of something
    All are now standard features.
  115. project
    a planned undertaking
    Mr. Becker and Mr. Gerstenzang work for the Safe Climate Campaign, a project of the Center for Auto Safety.
  116. public
    not private
    But the highway agency has a long history of protecting automakers instead of the public.
  117. occur
    come to pass
    Fifty-five percent of fatalities occur in single-vehicle crashes, in which, for example, a vehicle strikes a bridge abutment or other stationary object.
  118. prevent
    keep from happening or arising; make impossible
    Automakers, too, have a long history of fighting safety measures, objecting to requirements that they install airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and electronic stability to prevent rollovers.
  119. article
    one of a class of artifacts
    A version of this article appears in print on Aug. 3, 2018
  120. remove
    take something away as by lifting, pushing, or taking off
    When auto executives asked President Trump to start rolling the mileage rules downhill, they didn’t anticipate that he would remove the brakes.
  121. seek
    try to locate, discover, or establish the existence of
    Ford Expedition S.U.V.s coming off the assembly line in Louisville, Ky. The Trump administration is seeking to roll back Obama-rules on fuel efficiency.CreditBill
  122. compare
    examine and note the similarities or differences of
    Compared with lighter vehicles, heavier ones “do not brake or handle as well and are more likely to roll over,” John German, a senior fellow at the International Council on Clean Transportation, told us.
  123. example
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
    Fifty-five percent of fatalities occur in single-vehicle crashes, in which, for example, a vehicle strikes a bridge abutment or other stationary object.
  124. likely
    having a good chance of being the case or of coming about
    Compared with lighter vehicles, heavier ones “do not brake or handle as well and are more likely to roll over,” John German, a senior fellow at the International Council on Clean Transportation, told us.
  125. strike
    deliver a sharp blow, as with the hand, fist, or weapon
    Fifty-five percent of fatalities occur in single-vehicle crashes, in which, for example, a vehicle strikes a bridge abutment or other stationary object.
  126. relation
    the state or quality of having something in common
    Facing potential public relations headaches, even automakers distanced themselves from it as the administration prepared the new rules.
  127. slight
    small in quantity or degree
    Consumers haven’t balked at buying cleaner vehicles with advanced technology, despite slightly higher prices.
  128. distance
    the property created by the space between two objects
    Facing potential public relations headaches, even automakers distanced themselves from it as the administration prepared the new rules.
  129. industry
    the action of making of goods and services for sale
    Even as the standard has grown increasingly tough, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers has bragged of the industry’s “unprecedented seven-year growth trend.”
  130. determine
    find out or learn with certainty, as by making an inquiry
    The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, with the Environmental Protection Agency, plays a central role in determining the rules’ stringency.
  131. measure
    determine the dimensions of something or somebody
    Automakers, too, have a long history of fighting safety measures, objecting to requirements that they install airbags, seatbelt pretensioners and electronic stability to prevent rollovers.
  132. drop
    let fall to the ground
    Yet fuel economy has improved 88.5 percent over the past four decades while motor vehicle fatalities per miles have dropped 65 percent.
  133. attack
    an offensive against an enemy
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  134. require
    have need of
    Its preferred option: bringing progress to a halt by requiring no further mileage improvements in new cars and light trucks beyond 2020.
  135. prove
    establish the validity of something
    Ford proved that efficiency and safety go hand in hand when it converted the steel bodies of its F-150 pickups to aluminum.
  136. equal
    having the same quantity, value, or measure as another
    The administration’s attack also plays on the myth that greater weight equals greater safety and ignores engineering improvements — lane-departure warnings, automatic emergency braking, and the increasing use of high-strength, low-weight steel and aluminum — that are saving lives today.
  137. suffer
    undergo or be subjected to
    If the Trump administration scraps it, both drivers and the climate will suffer.
  138. prepare
    make ready or suitable or equip in advance
    Facing potential public relations headaches, even automakers distanced themselves from it as the administration prepared the new rules.
  139. condition
    a mode of being or form of existence of a person or thing
    As written, the original standard would cut tailpipe pollution in half and deliver a new-car fleet in 2025 averaging an estimated 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving, equivalent to about 50 m.p.g. in test conditions.
  140. minute
    a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour
    nytimes.com Opinion | The Myth That a Cleaner Car Is Less Safe Than a Dirty One 6-8 minutes
  141. report
    to give an account or representation of in words
    The Consumer Federation of America reports that consistent new-car sales of nearly 17 million a year are outpacing the annual retirement of roughly 13 million older vehicles.
  142. thus
    from that fact or reason or as a result
    And it predicts they will drive far more miles than in the past — 1.3 trillion more than an exhaustive Obama administration analysis forecast, thus exposing them to greater risk.
  143. fact
    a piece of information about events that have occurred
    The administration is ignoring three central facts:
  144. nation
    a politically organized body of people under a government
    It is the biggest single step any nation has taken to fight climate change.
  145. government
    the system or form by which a community is ruled
    And, since fuel-efficiency rules took effect in the mid-1970s, the government’s own data demonstrate that vehicles have grown increasingly clean and safe.
  146. need
    require or want
    Because cars and light trucks would need less gas, an average owner would save nearly $6,000 over the life of a 2025 vehicle under the Obama plan, even after paying for the gas-saving technology.
  147. force
    influence that results in motion, stress, etc. when applied
    The stronger, lighter materials, which save gas by reducing weight, do a better job protecting a vehicle’s occupants because they absorb up to twice as much energy as conventional steel, and aluminum can be engineered to fold on impact, reducing crash forces.
  148. campaign
    related operations aimed at achieving a particular goal
  149. hardscrabble
    involving struggle, difficulties, or poverty
  150. nom de guerre
    a fake name used to engage in some activity
Created on Fri Aug 03 13:02:16 EDT 2018 (updated Fri Aug 03 15:09:52 EDT 2018)

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