types:
notion
a general inclusive concept
category
a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
regulation,
rule
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
quantity
the concept that something has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
division,
part,
section
one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole
whole
all of something including all its component elements or parts
law,
natural law
a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
law,
law of nature
a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature
hypothesis,
possibility,
theory
a tentative insight into the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena
fact
a concept whose truth can be proved
frame
one of the ten divisions into which bowling is divided
right
an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature
mumpsimus
a traditional notion that is obstinately held although it is unreasonable
form,
kind,
sort,
variety
a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality
way
a general category of things; used in the expression `in the way of'
feature,
feature of speech
(linguistics) a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit that serves to distinguish it from other units of the same kind
absolute
something that is conceived or that exists independently and not in relation to other things; something that does not depend on anything else and is beyond human control; something that is not relative
teacher
a personified abstraction that teaches
thing
a special abstraction
quantum
a discrete amount of something that is analogous to the quantities in quantum theory
term
any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial
operand
a quantity upon which a mathematical operation is performed
parameter
a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data
amount,
sum,
total
a quantity obtained by the addition of a group of numbers
proportional
one of the quantities in a mathematical proportion
beginning
the first part or section of something
middle
an intermediate part or section
end
a final part or section
high point
the most enjoyable part of a given experience
unit
a single undivided whole
compound
a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
divine law
a law that is believed to come directly from God
all-or-none law
(neurophysiology) a nerve impulse resulting from a weak stimulus is just as strong as a nerve impulse resulting from a strong stimulus
principle,
rule
a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system
Bernoulli's law,
law of large numbers
(statistics) law stating that a large number of items taken at random from a population will (on the average) have the population statistics
Benford's law
a law used by auditors to identify fictitious populations of numbers; applies to any population of numbers derived from other numbers
Bose-Einstein statistics
(physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply)
Coulomb's Law
a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them; principle also holds for magnetic poles
Dalton's law,
Dalton's law of partial pressures,
law of partial pressures
(chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
distribution law
(chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution
equilibrium law,
law of chemical equilibrium
(chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction
Fechner's law,
Weber-Fechner law
(psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity; based on early work by E. H. Weber
Fermi-Dirac statistics
(physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle applies)
Henry's law
(chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
Hooke's law
(physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
Hubble law,
Hubble's law
(astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observer
Kirchhoff's laws
(physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: the sum of all the currents at a point is zero and the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
law of averages
a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
law of diminishing returns
a law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in a decline in effectiveness
law of effect
(psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
Newton's law of gravitation,
law of gravitation
(physics) the law that states any two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Dalton's law,
law of multiple proportions
(chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
law of mass action
(chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances
law of thermodynamics
(physics) a law governing the relations between states of energy in a closed system
Mendel's law
(genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
Ohm's law
electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; I = E/R
Pascal's law,
Pascal's law of fluid pressures
pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid
Mendeleev's law,
periodic law
(chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
Planck's law
(physics) the basis of quantum theory; the energy of electromagnetic waves is contained in indivisible quanta that have to be radiated or absorbed as a whole; the magnitude is proportional to frequency where the constant of proportionality is given by Planck's constant
Planck's radiation law
(physics) an equation that expresses the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of an ideal black body
hypothetical
a hypothetical possibility, circumstance, statement, proposal, situation, etc.
gemmule
the physically discrete element that Darwin proposed as responsible for heredity
conjecture,
speculation
a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence)
principle of relativity
(physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
Weber's law
(psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus
binomial
(mathematics) a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms; a polynomial with two terms
historicism
a theory that social and cultural events are determined by history
sound law
a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
chukka,
chukker
(polo) one of six divisions into which a polo match is divided
frame,
inning
(baseball) one of nine divisions of play during which each team has a turn at bat
game
(tennis) a division of play during which one player serves
bout,
round,
turn
(sports) a division during which one team is on the offensive
first period
the first division into which the play of a game is divided
second period
the second division into which the play of a game is divided
final period
the final division into which the play of a game is divided
half
one of two divisions into which some games or performances are divided: the two divisions are separated by an interval
period
(ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
quarter
(football, professional basketball) one of four divisions into which some games are divided
over
(cricket) the division of play during which six balls are bowled at the batsman by one player from the other team from the same end of the pitch
input
(mathematics) a quantity or variable that, when fed into a function, results in a single output
output
(mathematics) the result or solution of a function that is associated with a single input