types:
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dyscrasia
an abnormal or physiologically unbalanced state of the body
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illness, malady, sickness, unwellness
impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
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invalidism
chronic ill health
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biliousness
gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gall bladder
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infection
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
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pathology
any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
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affliction
a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health
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harm, hurt, injury, trauma
any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
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softness, unfitness
poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition (as from a life of ease and luxury)
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condition
an illness, disease, or other medical problem
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acidosis
abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
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alkalosis
abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
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anchylosis, ankylosis
abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
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arteriectasia, arteriectasis
an abnormal distension of an artery
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arthropathy
a pathology or abnormality of a joint
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asynergia, asynergy
absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
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asystole, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest
absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
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diverticulosis
presence of multiple diverticula in the walls of the colon
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flux
excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
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blood dyscrasia
any abnormal condition of the blood
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ague
a fit of shivering or shaking
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amyloidosis
a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma
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anuresis, anuria
inability to urinate
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catastrophic illness
severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
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collapse, prostration
an abrupt failure of function or complete physical exhaustion
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aeroembolism, air embolism, bends, caisson disease, decompression sickness, gas embolism
pain resulting from rapid change in pressure
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fluorosis
a pathological condition resulting from an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
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food poisoning, gastrointestinal disorder
illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
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gammopathy
a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
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glossolalia
repetitive nonmeaningful speech (especially that associated with a trance state or religious fervor)
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lead poisoning, plumbism, saturnism
toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive lead into the system
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disease
an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
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angiopathy
any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
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brain damage
injury to the brain that impairs its functions (especially permanently); can be caused by trauma to the head, infection, hemorrhage, inadequate oxygen, genetic abnormality, etc.
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aphagia
loss of the ability to swallow
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stenosis, stricture
abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
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atherogenesis
the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
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ascites
accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
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azymia
absence of an enzyme
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bacteremia, bacteriaemia, bacteriemia
transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
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induration, sclerosis
any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
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lipomatosis
pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
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lithiasis
the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
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hypermotility
excessive movement; especially excessive motility of the gastrointestinal tract
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indisposition
a slight illness
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enterobiasis
an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
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felon, whitlow
a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
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focal infection
bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere
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cross infection, nonsocial infection
an infection that is acquired at a hospital or other healthcare facility
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opportunistic infection
any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans; occurs in persons with abnormally functioning immune systems (as AIDS patients or transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs)
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paronychia
infection in the tissues adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe
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protozoal infection
any infection caused by a protozoan
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respiratory infection, respiratory tract infection
any infection of the respiratory tract
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itch, scabies
a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation
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bilharzia, bilharziasis, schistosomiasis
an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
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sepsis
the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues
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sore
an open skin infection
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cartilaginification
abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Asians
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staphylococcal infection
an infection with staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation
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septic sore throat, strep throat, streptococcal sore throat, streptococcus tonsilitis, throat infection
an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
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eye infection, hordeolum, sty, stye
an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
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superinfection
infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection
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suprainfection
secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection
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tapeworm infection
intestinal infection by a species of parasitic tapeworm; usually the result of eating inadequately cooked meat or fish
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lockjaw, tetanus
an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
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toxoplasmosis
infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus
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viral infection, virus infection
infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
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ozone sickness
illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
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toxaemia, toxaemia of pregnancy, toxemia, toxemia of pregnancy
an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
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cyst
a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
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adenomyosis, endometriosis
the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
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adhesion
abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
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bronzed diabetes, hemochromatosis, iron overload, iron-storage disease
pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
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infarct, infarction
localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
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macrocytosis
the presence of macrocytes in the blood
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fibrosis
development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
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malacia
a state of abnormal softening of tissue
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mastopathy, mazopathy
any pathology of the breast
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neuropathy
any pathology of the peripheral nerves
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myopathy
any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
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osteoporosis
abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
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priapism
condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
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demineralisation, demineralization
abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
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pyorrhea, pyorrhoea
discharge of pus
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azotaemia, azotemia, uraemia, uremia
accumulation in the blood of nitrogenous waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
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azoturia
excess of urea in the urine
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lesion
any localized abnormal structural change in a bodily part
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deformity, malformation, misshapenness
an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
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growth
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
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lymphadenopathy
chronic abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes (usually associated with disease)
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birth trauma
physical injury to an infant during the birth process
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blast trauma
injury caused the explosion of a bomb (especially in enclosed spaces)
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bleeding, haemorrhage, hemorrhage
the flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessel
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blunt trauma
injury incurred when the human body hits or is hit by a large outside object (as a car)
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bruise, contusion
an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
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bump
a lump on the body caused by a blow
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burn
an injury caused by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
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dislocation
a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
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electric shock
trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body (as from contact with high voltage lines or being struck by lightning); usually involves burns and abnormal heart rhythm and unconsciousness
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break, fracture
breaking of hard tissue such as bone
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cryopathy, frostbite
destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene
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intravasation
entry of foreign matter into a blood vessel
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penetrating injury, penetrating trauma
injury incurred when an object (as a knife or bullet or shrapnel) penetrates into the body
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pinch
an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed
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rupture
the state of being torn or burst open
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bite, insect bite, sting
a painful wound caused by the thrust of an insect's stinger into skin
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strain
injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
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whiplash, whiplash injury
an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)
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wale, weal, welt, wheal
a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions
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lesion, wound
an injury to living tissue (especially an injury involving a cut or break in the skin)
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pull, twist, wrench
a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments
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gangrene, slough, sphacelus
necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
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hyperbilirubinemia
abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
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palilalia
a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
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reflux
an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
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otorrhea
discharge from the external ear
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vaccina, vaccinia, variola vaccina, variola vaccine, variola vaccinia
a local infection induced in humans by inoculation with the virus causing cowpox in order to confer resistance to smallpox; normally lasts three weeks and leaves a pitted scar
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rhinopathy
any disease or malformation of the nose
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hydronephrosis
accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
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atelectasis
collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
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anoxemia
abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
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coprolalia
an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
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autoimmunity
production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
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debility, feebleness, frailness, frailty, infirmity, valetudinarianism
the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
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disability, disablement, handicap, impairment
a condition that makes it difficult or impossible for someone to perform some physical or mental task
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disfunction, dysfunction
(medicine) any disturbance in the functioning of an organ or body part or a disturbance in the functioning of a social group
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sarcoidosis
a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
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carotenemia, xanthemia
excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow or red color
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stasis
an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
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uropathy
any pathology of the urinary tract
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varicosis
pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
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viraemia, viremia
the presence of a virus in the blood stream
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volvulus
abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the area of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction