Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

fehiepsi (Vietnam)
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words only definitions & notes
  1. substance
    the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists
    Sugar, water, and aluminum are different substances.
  2. specific
    stated explicitly or in detail
    Each substance has specific properties that do not depend on the quantity of the substance.
  3. property
    something owned
    Each substance has specific properties that do not depend on the quantity of the substance.
  4. depend
    be determined by something else
    Each substance has specific properties that do not depend on the quantity of the substance.
  5. quantity
    how much there is or how many there are of something
    Each substance has specific properties that do not depend on the quantity of the substance.
  6. identify
    recognize as being
    Properties that can be used to identify or characterize a substance-and distinguish that substance from other substances-are called characteristic properties.
  7. characterize
    be typical of
    Properties that can be used to identify or characterize a substance-and distinguish that substance from other substances-are called characteristic properties.
  8. distinguish
    mark as different
    Properties that can be used to identify or characterize a substance-and distinguish that substance from other substances-are called characteristic properties.
  9. characteristic
    typical or distinctive
    Properties that can be used to identify or characterize a substance-and distinguish that substance from other substances-are called characteristic properties.
  10. category
    a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations
    They are subdivided into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties.
  11. physical
    involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit
    They are subdivided into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties.
  12. chemical
    produced by reactions involving atomic or molecular changes
    They are subdivided into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties.
  13. composition
    the way in which someone or something is put together
    The characteristic physical properties of a substance are those that identify the substance without causing a change in the composition of the substance.
  14. density
    the amount per unit size
    Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity are all characteristic physical properties.
  15. melt
    reduce or cause to be reduced from a solid to a liquid state
    Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity are all characteristic physical properties.
  16. boil
    change from a liquid to vapor
    Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity are all characteristic physical properties.
  17. luster
    the property of something that shines with reflected light
    Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity are all characteristic physical properties.
  18. malleability
    the property of material that can be shaped without breaking
    Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity are all characteristic physical properties.
  19. viscosity
    resistance of a liquid to flowing
    Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity are all characteristic physical properties.
  20. example
    an item of information that is typical of a class or group
    For example, aluminum is a metal that is both ductile and malleable.
  21. ductile
    capable of being shaped or bent or drawn out
    For example, aluminum is a metal that is both ductile and malleable.
  22. malleable
    capable of being shaped or bent
    For example, aluminum is a metal that is both ductile and malleable.
  23. pan
    shallow container made of metal
    Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.
  24. raise
    move upwards
    Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.
  25. temperature
    the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment
    Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.
  26. value
    the quality that renders something desirable
    Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.
  27. degree
    a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series
    Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.
  28. independent
    free from external control and constraint
    Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.
  29. relate
    give an account of
    Characteristic properties that relate to changes in the composition of a substance or to how it reacts with other substances are called chemical properties.
  30. react
    show a response to something
    Characteristic properties that relate to changes in the composition of a substance or to how it reacts with other substances are called chemical properties.
  31. pertain
    be relevant to
    $ The following questions pertain to the chemical properties of a substance.
  32. decompose
    break down
    Does it decompose (break up into smaller substances) when heated?
  33. obtain
    come into possession of
    What other chemicals will it react with, and what substances are obtained from the reaction?
  34. reaction
    an idea evoked by some experience
    What other chemicals will it react with, and what substances are obtained from the reaction?
  35. intensive
    characterized by a heightened level or degree
    Characteristic physical and chemical properties-also called intensive properties-are used to identify a substance.
  36. mention
    make reference to
    In addition to the characteristic physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties include the tendency to dissolve in water, electrical conductivity, and density, which is the ratio of mass to volume.
  37. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    In addition to the characteristic physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties include the tendency to dissolve in water, electrical conductivity, and density, which is the ratio of mass to volume.
  38. tendency
    an inclination to do something
    In addition to the characteristic physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties include the tendency to dissolve in water, electrical conductivity, and density, which is the ratio of mass to volume.
  39. dissolve
    pass into a solution
    In addition to the characteristic physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties include the tendency to dissolve in water, electrical conductivity, and density, which is the ratio of mass to volume.
  40. ratio
    relation with respect to comparative quantity or magnitude
    In addition to the characteristic physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties include the tendency to dissolve in water, electrical conductivity, and density, which is the ratio of mass to volume.
  41. volume
    the property of something that is great in magnitude
    In addition to the characteristic physical properties already mentioned, some intensive physical properties include the tendency to dissolve in water, electrical conductivity, and density, which is the ratio of mass to volume.
  42. additional
    further or extra
    Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency of a substance to react with another substance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
  43. tarnish
    make or become dirty or dull, as by exposure to air
    Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency of a substance to react with another substance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
  44. corrode
    cause to deteriorate due to water, air, or an acid
    Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency of a substance to react with another substance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
  45. poison
    any substance that causes injury or illness or death
    Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency of a substance to react with another substance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
  46. carcinogen
    any substance that produces cancer
    Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency of a substance to react with another substance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
  47. agent
    a representative who acts on behalf of others
    Additional intensive chemical properties include the tendency of a substance to react with another substance, to tarnish, to corrode, to explode, or to act as a poison or carcinogen (cancer-causing agent).
  48. extensive
    large in spatial extent or range or scope or quantity
    Extensive properties of substances are those that depend on the quantity of the sample, including measurements of mass, volume, and length.
  49. sample
    a small part intended as representative of the whole
    Extensive properties of substances are those that depend on the quantity of the sample, including measurements of mass, volume, and length.
  50. measurement
    assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
    Extensive properties of substances are those that depend on the quantity of the sample, including measurements of mass, volume, and length.
  51. length
    the linear extent in space from one end to the other
    Extensive properties of substances are those that depend on the quantity of the sample, including measurements of mass, volume, and length.
  52. particular
    unique or specific to a person or thing or category
    Whereas intensive properties help identify or characterize a particular kind of matter, extensive properties relate to the amount present.
  53. lump
    a compact mass
    If a lump of candle wax is cut or broken into smaller pieces, or if it is melted (a change of state), the sample remaining is still candle wax.
  54. remaining
    not used up
    If a lump of candle wax is cut or broken into smaller pieces, or if it is melted (a change of state), the sample remaining is still candle wax.
  55. molten
    reduced to liquid form by heating
    When cooled, the molten wax returns to a solid.
  56. affected
    influenced
    In these examples, only a physical change has taken place; that is, the composition of the substance was not affected.
  57. liquid
    fluid matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume
    This is a physical change; the composition of the wax does not change as it goes from solid to liquid.
  58. occur
    come to pass
    Some of the wax is drawn into the burning wick where a chemical change occurs.
  59. flame
    combustion of materials producing heat and light and smoke
    Here, wax in the candle flame reacts chemically with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide gas and water vapor.
  60. unique
    the single one of its kind
    The new substances produced have their own unique physical and chemical properties.
  61. apparent
    clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
    The apparent disappearance of something, like the candle wax, however, is not necessarily a sign that we are observing a chemical change.
  62. necessarily
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
    The apparent disappearance of something, like the candle wax, however, is not necessarily a sign that we are observing a chemical change.
  63. observe
    watch attentively
    The apparent disappearance of something, like the candle wax, however, is not necessarily a sign that we are observing a chemical change.
  64. evaporate
    change into gas or steam
    For example, when water evaporates from a glass and disappears, it has changed from a liquid to a gas (called water vapor), but in both forms it is water.
  65. disappear
    become invisible or unnoticeable
    For example, when water evaporates from a glass and disappears, it has changed from a liquid to a gas (called water vapor), but in both forms it is water.
  66. phase
    any distinct time period in a sequence of events
    This is a phase change (liquid to gas), which is a physical change.
  67. attempt
    make an effort
    When attempting to determine whether a change is physical or chemical, one should ask the critical question: Has the fundamental composition of the substance changed?
  68. determine
    find out or learn with certainty, as by making an inquiry
    When attempting to determine whether a change is physical or chemical, one should ask the critical question: Has the fundamental composition of the substance changed?
  69. fundamental
    serving as an essential component
    When attempting to determine whether a change is physical or chemical, one should ask the critical question: Has the fundamental composition of the substance changed?
Created on Tue Dec 25 10:24:02 EST 2012 (updated Tue Dec 25 10:24:09 EST 2012)

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