science sat words

“Cloning” is the creation of a new individual from the
unique DNA (or genetic information) of another.

The cloned person may experience concerns about his
or her distinctive identity, not only because the person will
be in genotype (genetic makeup) and appearance identical to
(5) another human being, but, in this case, because he or she
may also be twin to the person who is the “father” or
“mother”-if one can still call them that.

But Anne Line Russon, a psychologist, says she has found only about 20 5 recorded cases of possible pretending in free-ranging orangutans, culled from thousands of hours of observation.

It may have had the same purpose it has in present day 5 herbivores, where it harbors colonies of bacteria that help in the digestion of cellulose.

For meteorites are more than just stars of science-fiction movies.

I opened flasks of sterilized broth in the cellar of the Paris observatory, where the air was still.

On the morning of June 13, 1998, a 4.6-billion-year-old extraterrestrial object streaked into Earth's atmosphere and blew to pieces in the sky somewhere in the neighborhood Line of Nelda Wallace's backyard.

(C) A biologist studies large areas of forest but fails to examine in depth the nesting site of a specific bird species.

So desperate is the situation that the Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has recognized the monarch migration as an endangered biological phenomenon and 30 has designated it the first priority in their effort to conserve the butterflies of the world.

In this part of the lecture, Pasteur has just described his discovery of the effect of heating certain microbes that infect bottled beverages (the process later named pasteurization).

Which theoretical statement about pretending behavior in apes would be supported most fully by the "many researchers" mentioned in line 9 ?
(A) Having the ability to pretend has enabled apes, such as chimpanzees, to be trained as performers.

This Passage 1s adapted from a series in which a college professor dramatizes the lectures of famous scientists from the past.

By “fingerprints of learning” (lines 96-97) the author primarily means
(A) demonstration of sustained effort
(B) indication of parental influence
(C) results of faulty thinking
(D) evidence of acquired information
(E) illustration of genetic ability

15.

Who hasn’t experienced the
annoyance of trying to satisfy complicated rules about what
can and cannot be recycled?

I cannot resist comparing this new intimacy with our solar system to the shoebox diorama of the planets I designed for 30 my grade-school science fair.

The
75 hay wagon ahead cannot be gotten around; you are forced to reduce your own speed to the local standard, and so you see the marsh hawk circling above a pothole.

In context, the reference to the Academy of Sciences (line 35) serves to suggest why
(A) Pasteur was so determined to make a significant contribution to scientific knowledge
(B) Pasteur felt compelled to replicate Spallanzani’s experiments
(C) spontaneous generation had already begun to be discredited when Pasteur began his experimentation
(D) Pasteur believed he needed to design experiments that were more persuasive
(E) spontaneous generation was viewed by Pasteur’s colleagues as a t...

The third theory is that the appendix may “attract” body infections in order to localize the 15 infection in one spot that is not critical to body functioning.

Emulating other 35 Impressionists, Cassatt composed the picture as a kind of photographic snapshot, or slice of life, but she employed the Impressionist emphasis on the act of seeing to assert the principle of 40 sexual equality with men.

“You should treat all clones
like you would treat all monozygous [identical] twins or
triplets,” concludes Dr. H. Tristam Engelhardt, a professor
of medicine at Baylor and a philosopher at Rice University.

But many researchers believe 10 that interaction with humans —and the encouragement to pretend that comes with it—may play a major role in why domesticated apes playact more.

The narrator suggests that the "echo-chamber effects, the music, the solemnity" (lines 59-60) are evidence that
(A) most adults have feelings of great appreciation of the universe
(B) most adults would rather not attend planetarium shows
(C) contemporary scientists have an inflated view of the importance of their work
(D) the show's promoters do not fully appreciate the true nature of the universe
(E) the show's promoters understand that children are entranced by special effects
 
Que...

It is a biological edge.

The emblems of this are the golden retriever rolling in the grass, the horse with his nose deep in the oats, kitty by the fire.

It occurs to me that perhaps what we have here is one of those debates in which the opposing sides, unbeknownst to themselves, share a myopia that will turn out to be the most interesting and important feature of the whole discussion, a debate, for instance, like that of the Founding Fathers over the nature of the franchise.

Given Chaplin's statement in lines 22-25 ("I ... laugh"), he would most likely view Passage 1's portrayal of the "famous Tramp" (line 5) as
(A) misleading readers about his creative intention
(B) disregarding his effort to render social commentary through humor
(C) implying that the Tramp was derived from a comic strip
(D) asserting that the Tramp was the only character he portrayed
(E) assuming that few could embrace his ideas

7.Compared to the description of Chaplin's Tramp in Passage 1, ...

I argued in vain—even before our 35 Academy of Sciences—that the putrefaction was caused by admission of bacteria.

Their primary action took place at night on rainswept city streets, in narrow ash-can 20 alleys, in claustrophobic diners, and in dingy, shadowy hotel rooms with neon signs flashing outside the windows, rooms in which, as hard-boiled author Nelson Algren once put it, "every bed you rent 25 makes you an accessory to somebody else's shady past."

Children have countless experiences communicating with people of both sexes: they do not learn to communicate in gender-segregated worlds.

I cannot resist comparing this new intimacy with our solar system to the shoebox diorama of the planets I designed for 30 my grade-school science fair.

In defense of nonapplied science I have repeatedly told my students that without theory, practice is but routine.

Another theory suggests that tonsils and the appendix might manufacture the antibody-producing white 10 blood cells called B lymphocytes; however, B lymphocytes could also be produced by bone marrow.

Many a scientist has floundered and perished in the quagmire of spontaneous generation."

What did amaze me about the potato-size rock that fell from Mars was that it had traveled millions of miles across space to land here, blasted from world to world by a planetary collision of the sort that purportedly killed off our dinosaurs, and had lain waiting 10 for millennia upon an Antarctic ice field, until an observant young woman traveling in an expedition party picked it up, because she figured that it had come from another world.

Similarly, our solar system, once considered unique, now stands as merely the first known example of a 45 planetary system in our galaxy.

I argued in vain—even before our 35 Academy of Sciences—that the putrefaction was caused by admission of bacteria.

35 In August of 1986, the Mexican government issued a proclamation designating these sites as ecological preserves.

In many American suburbs such as the one where I grew20 up, a fence or a hedge along the street meant one thing: the family who lived behind it was antisocial, perhaps even had something to hide.

(B) Passage 1 explores how Chaplin expanded the Tramp's character; Passage 2 analyzes the Tramp's impact on audiences.

Moonless Mercury rotating three times while circling the Sun twice; an odd arrangement, not as satisfying as what they used to tell us -that it rotated once as it circled the Sun.

Experts Line had stubbornly and rigorously analyzed readers' modest 5 capacity to dedicate their attention to the printed page and had established once and for all, apparently with the mathematical precision of astronomers, the order of readers' natural preferences.

Even a dry butterfly loses precious calories as its body heat radiates out to the cold night sky through holes in the canopy.

The author of Passage 2 asserts that the Nees’ book is inferior to Strangers from a Different Shore in terms of its
(A) purpose
(B) readability
(C) documentation
(D) accuracy
(E) range

15.

In context, “distinguish” (line 28) most nearly means
(A) mark
(B) differentiate
(C) analyze
(D) judge
(E) discover

11.

This is especially true when the apposition is cultural.

These high-budget studio productions most 45 commonly come to the public's mind when
the word noir is mentioned because they are cited most often in the spate of contemporary books
that have recently been published on the subject.

13.The author's discussion of Mozart in lines 25-28 primarily emphasizes the
(A) role of social circumstances in the emergence of a musical genius
(B) fact that young children are sometimes pushed to excel
(C) observation that genius was more common in the past than it is today
(D) belief that the harpsichord was the ideal musical instrument for Mozart's early talent
(E) pleasure that artists derive from achievement

14.

"There's been a lot said about how I evolved the little tramp character who made my name," said Chaplin.

40 Logging and agricultural development were to be prohibited in their core areas, a total area of only 17 square miles, and only limited logging was to be permitted in buffer zones surrounding the cores, a total 45 of another 43 miles.

If 65 the clock is partly under the control of genes, then identical twins should develop language in tighter synchrony than fraternal twins, who share only half their genes.

Under my desk I keep a large carton of cassette tapes.

The "experts" (line 53) would most likely argue that which of the following is guilty of the "sin" mentioned in line 58 ?
(A) A veterinarian who is unwilling to treat a sick animal
(B) A cat owner who believes his cat misses its siblings
(C) A dog owner who is unwilling to punish her dog for misbehaving
(D) A zoologist who places the interests of people before those of animals
(E) A horse trainer who fails to recognize that his horse is hungry

15.

I cannot resist comparing this new intimacy with our solar system to the shoebox diorama of the planets I designed for 30 my grade-school science fair.

What did amaze me about the potato-size rock that fell from Mars was that it had traveled millions of miles across space to land here, blasted from world to world by a planetary collision of the sort that purportedly killed off our dinosaurs, and had lain waiting 10 for millennia upon an Antarctic ice field, until an observant young woman traveling in an expedition party picked it up, because she figured that it had come from another world.

If 65 the clock is partly under the control of genes, then identical twins should develop language in tighter synchrony than fraternal twins, who share only half their genes.

Families crammed their activities 30 into microscopic back-yards, the one place where the usefulness of fences and hedges seemed to outweigh their undemocratic connotations.

The authors of both passages would most likely agree that recycling rules are
(A) convoluted
(B) commendable
(C) unethical
(D) antiquated
(E) unenforceable

13.

It is because, while we have been arguing so fiercely about which books make the best medicine, the patient has been slipping deeper and deeper into a coma.

Colorado"), the author implies that viewing the plains from the prospect of a river might lead one to conclude that the plains are
(A) less arid than they actually are
(B) less populous than they actually are
(C) rising more rapidly toward the mountains than they actually do
(D) not fertile enough to sustain the growth of trees
(E) not as arid as the desert

11.The author mentions the Blackfeet (lines 34-40) primarily because
(A) they appreciated the plains
(B) they were experts in using th...

Now, what are we to make of this sputtering debate, in which charges of imperialism are met by equally passionate accusations of vandalism, in which each side hates the other, and yet each seems to have its share of reason?

There Samuel sat each day, 20 painfully tallying his data, his pencil poised like a scalpel in his hand, frowning at the gruesome but inevitable task ahead of him.

With greatly divergent experiences,
their brains would be wired differently.

Rivers carry water, for instance, but the region of the Great Plains is by its nature arid-not so arid as the deserts, although for a long time the Great Plains were regarded as a desert, but arid enough to inhibit the growth of trees, 30 except along rivers.

90 Children's speech errors, which make such engaging anecdotes in poetry, novels, television features and Web sites for parents, may help us untangle one of the thickest knots in science, nature and 95 nurture.

Now, when I play the tapes late at night, I imagine
(50) what they would sound like if I could splice them together,
so the voices of the Hmong and those of the American
doctors could be heard on a single tape, speaking a
common language.

His overt melancholy aggravated his boss, for it made Samuel hard to approach.

95 Equally, don't forget that from the forties onward, Los Angeles was much beset by psychoanalysis, and the growing intellectual interest in guilt, depression, and nightmare.

The bold precision of this assessment is for me the most 25 stunning surprise dealt by the rock from Mars-even more mind-boggling than the suggestive traces of something that might once have lived and died in its microscopic fissures.

It might even add to a writer's cachet not to be on the list, to be in one way or another too heady, too daring, too exciting to be ground up into institutional fodder for teenagers.

Colorado"), the author implies that viewing the plains from the prospect of a river might lead one to conclude that the plains are
(A) less arid than they actually are
(B) less populous than they actually are
(C) rising more rapidly toward the mountains than they actually do
(D) not fertile enough to sustain the growth of trees
(E) not as arid as the desert

11.The author mentions the Blackfeet (lines 34-40) primarily because
(A) they appreciated the plains
(B) they were experts in using th...

In the context of the passage as a whole, the "vital force" (line 60) is best described as
(A) what Pasteur called the basic unit of life
(B) a term that was outdated in Pasteur's time
(C) nutrients necessary for sustaining life
(D) that which has the power to destroy life
(E) what opponents of Pasteur believed to be a source of life

24.

* A Latin phrase that means "confined garden"

19.In line 1, "embraced" most nearly means
(A) caressed
(B) adopted
(C) enfolded
(D) included
(E) encircled

20.In lines 10-12, Frank J. Scott's observation implies that nature
(A) is graceful and beautiful only in areas uninhabited by humans
(B) should be available for all to enjoy without hindrance
(C) must be incorporated into the design of American suburbs
(D) exerts a more powerful effect on the British than on Americans
(E) is less evident...

I like shorelines, weather fronts, international borders.

The well-lit, singing and tap-dancing, happy-ending world of the 1930's had in ten short years become a hostile, orderless place in which alienation, obsession, and paranoia ruled.

The mucus-covered creatures of the muddy river bottoms, the Blackfeet thought, were simply not the best the plains had to offer; far from being
40 palatable, catfish were repulsive, disgusting.

(B) Which ecosystems of the Great Plains are most exciting for visitors?

Yet, even though we have no picture of what they look like, enough information has been deduced about 55 their atmospheric conditions to grant the nickname Goldilocks to a planet attending the star 70 Virginis, an appellation suggesting that the cloud-top temperature is "just right," as the storybook Goldilocks would say, for the presence of liquid water.

Though it deals with the most desperate effects of rage, jealousy, and Line revenge, it rarely touches the heights and depths of 5 human passion.

The “sensations” (line 7) might best be described as feelings of
(A) anger and bitterness
(B) reverence and gratitude
(C) dejection and isolation
(D) nostalgia and serenity
(E) empathy and concern

16.

The phrase "horrible immensities" (line 54) primarily indicates
(A) exaggerated information
(B) unforeseen events
(C) historical monstrosities
(D) controversial debates
(E) incomprehensible realities

24.

The author's primary purpose in the Passage is to
(A) introduce the narrative figure of the traveler
(B) convey the excitement felt by the earliest explorers
(C) encourage an appreciation of the Great Plains
(D) establish the vanished beauty of western rivers
(E) confirm the mysterious nature of the Great Plains

8.For the author, a "biological edge" (line 13) represents a
(A) place where communities mingle
(B) barrier that separates different groups
(C) contrast to an urbanized environme...

In line 61, the “difference” is between
(A) selfishness and altruism
(B) desire and practicality
(C) intuitive knowledge and learned knowledge
(D) love for family and love for friends
(E) duty to the past and fear of the future

16.By using Sophie's name (line 65) instead of "you," Joseph is attempting to
(A) pose as a narrator of a story
(B) approach a frightening topic gradually
(C) make Sophie consider a new perspective
(D) appear unconcerned about Sophie's attitude
(E) pretend tha...

Residues of this idea persist, of course; we still regard and write about nature 50 with high moral purpose (an approach that still produces a great deal of pious prose).

In paragraph 6 (lines 90 to 102), the author suggests that children’s speech errors
(A) are overused as examples in literature and art
(B) have important scientific implications
(C) can be easily unlearned
(D) indicate problems with linguistic rules
(E) are solely determined by genetics

16.

As for the adults who would deplore it, the ones who promoted this show, weren't they immune themselves to the extent that they could put in the echo-chamber effects, 60 the music, the solemnity, simulating the awe that they supposed they ought to feel?

They must have a built-in tendency to block the rule when a competing form (like bled) is found in memory, because there is no way they could learn the blocking principle in the 120 absence of usable feedback from their parents.

Nelda Wallace's town was about to be invaded by meteorite dealers, meteorite fans, meteorite poachers, and other alien life-forms.

Even a dry butterfly loses precious calories as its body heat radiates out to the cold night sky through holes in the canopy.

In this part of the lecture, Pasteur has just described his discovery of the effect of heating certain microbes that infect bottled beverages (the process later named pasteurization).

Against
(10) a background of babies crying, children playing, doors
slamming, dishes clattering, a television yammering, and an
air conditioner wheezing, I can hear the mother’s voice, by
turns breathy, nasal, gargly, or humlike as it slides up and
down the Hmong language’s eight tones; the father’s voice,
(15) louder, slower, more vehement; and my interpreter’s voice,
mediating in Hmong and English, low and deferential in
each.

Since October of 1995, astronomers at ground-based observatories in Europe and the United States have announced that they've found evidence of at least seven alien planets orbiting other stars.

Undaunted by my response, Herd demanded that I connect (thankfully without perfect symmetry) my biology and autobiography, my race and gender, my being a Black 40 woman, to my skill as a historian, and write for her and for the local chapter members of the National Council a history of Black women in Indiana.

The Passage is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
(A) visual imagery
(B) auditory descriptions
(C) contrast
(D) an appeal to reason
(E) hypothetical musings

10.

Undaunted by my response, Herd demanded that I connect (thankfully without perfect symmetry) my biology and autobiography, my race and gender, my being a Black 40 woman, to my skill as a historian, and write for her and for the local chapter members of the National Council a history of Black women in Indiana.

They dichotomize time into past and nonpast, and correlate half the timeline with the 115 evanescent word ending.

Sophie’s response in line 56 reveals that she
(A) is anxious to impress others
(B) is reluctant to confess her deepest fears
(C) is single-minded in her dedication to a medical career
(D) has apparently decided that she should hide her heritage from Joseph
(E) has rarely questioned the decisions others have made for her

15.

I had never even thought about Black women as historical 15 subjects with their own relations to a state’s history, and I thought her invitation and phone call extraordinarily intrusive.

What was most likely the original purpose of the human appendix?

But who had lived at this isolated
site and for what purpose?

In lines 36-37, the phrase "photographic snapshot" is probably meant to suggest that Cassatt
(A) created the painting to resemble a photograph
(B) used a style that was a precursor to photographic art
(C) portrayed the woman in an everyday situation
(D) made the woman appear as though she were posing for a photograph
(E) depicted the woman as caught off guard by the man in the painting

24.

So desperate is the situation that the Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has recognized the monarch migration as an endangered biological phenomenon and 30 has designated it the first priority in their effort to conserve the butterflies of the world.

Passage 2
I think what was really gnawing at Dorothy Sayers in 15 her critique of the detective story was the realization that her kind of detective story was an arid formula unable to satisfy its own implications.

I opened flasks of sterilized broth in the cellar of the Paris observatory, where the air was still.

The reasoning process presented in lines 49-53 (“As ... stars”) is best described as
(A) inference based on an untested theory
(B) extrapolation from similar situations
(C) analysis of a single case by multiple observers
(D) hypothesis confirmed by direct observation
(E) comparison of theory with physical evidence

23.In lines 53-59 the author refers to the Goldilocks fairy tale ("Yet ... water") in order to make which point about a particular planet?

It can be inferred from lines 27-33 that “collisions” was NOT an apt description because the
(A) clash between Hmong patients and medical staff was indirect and baffling
(B) Hmong patients and the medical staff were not significantly affected by the encounters
(C) medical staff was not responsible for the dissatisfaction of the Hmong patients
(D) misunderstandings between the Hmong patients and the medical staff were easy to resolve
(E) disagreement reached beyond particular individua...

Though they have all been transcribed, I still like to listen
to them from time to time.

But after getting to know the Lees family and their
daughter’s doctors and realizing how hard it was to blame
anyone, I stopped analyzing the situation in such linear
terms.

But 20 while all dog owners should rightly appreciate these and other endearing traits in their pets, nothing says that the cleverness of a highly intelligent primate such as a chimpanzee is part of the package.

30 This was a simple buoyancy experiment where I weighed each object in the air and then in water, to prove they weighed less in water.

In the preface to one of his many dog stories, S. P. Meek a bit shamefacedly remarked that in writing of dogs "I endeavored to hold these heroes down to the level of canine intelligence, and to make them, above all, believable.

I first confirmed the experiments of the Italian abbe, 25 Lazzaro Spallanzani, known also for his studies in gastric digestion.

French word for “yes,” pronounced “we”

10.Sophie "hated" (line 9) her school because
(A) she resented how hard her mother had to work to send her there
(B) she had little exposure to English
(C) it was in a neighborhood that seemed foreign and unfriendly
(D) the courses were too difficult
(E) the teachers were intolerant of her language errors

11.The comparison in line 15 emphasizes the
(A) halting way in which Sophie thought she read
(B) powerful impact of the words Sophie read alo...

15 To Newton, it was a mystery why all particles fell at the same rate and followed identical orbits, but Einstein showed that
these phenomena were a natural consequence of all bodies taking the same 20 "straightest" path in a space-time curved by mass and energy.

Experts Line had stubbornly and rigorously analyzed readers' modest 5 capacity to dedicate their attention to the printed page and had established once and for all, apparently with the mathematical precision of astronomers, the order of readers' natural preferences.

16.In lines 5-12, the author suggests that the expeditionist's discovery of the meteorite was surprising primarily because it
(A) defied scientists' doubts that such an object could reach Earth
(B) occurred after her party had given up any hope of success
(C) resulted from a seemingly unlikely sequence of events
(D) provided evidence to contradict a long-standing scientific theory
(E) led to an unprecedented degree of scrutiny

17.In line 15, "designated" most nearly means
(A) drawn
(B) call...

The fluid remained sterile so long as the flask was maintained in the vertical position.

I had long believed that the universe teems Line with life elsewhere, and that our failure to find it simply 5 results from a lack of exploration.

The sociolinguistic approach I take in my work is based on my belief that many frictions arise because, here in the United States, boys and girls grow up in what are essentially 30 different cultures, so that talk between women and men is actually cross-cultural communication.

But politically and emotionally, the choice was inevitable for an English gentleman who had set himself the task of making the idea of evolutionary continuity 10 palatable.

The Passage is narrated from the point of view of
(A) an employee of the Cote d’Azur hotel
(B) an observer who is uninvolved in the action
(C) Mrs. Van Hopper
(D) a participant who is remembering the scene at a later time
(E) a tourist who has just met Mrs. Van Hopper

11.The "disease" mentioned in line 7 is best described as
(A) total embarrassment at another person's behavior
(B) a refusal to speak to anyone who is not wealthy
(C) an intense need to avoid public notice
(D) a violent tenden...

(E) The author of Passage 1 considers intelligence to be developed over time, whereas the author of Passage 2 shows that it is largely static.

In his conclusive experiment, Pasteur kept the flasks vertical (line 64) in order to
(A) prevent fresh air from entering them
(B) retain the boiling liquid inside the flasks
(C) prevent the fluid from touching trapped bacteria
(D) avoid disturbing the solution inside
(E) replicate his previous experiments exactly
 
Questions 6-7 are based on the following passage.

13.In lines 1 through 4 of Passage 1, the author suggests that "films now called film noir by critics"
(A) were not classified as film noir when first made
(B) were reminiscent of earlier European films
(C) were uplifting in mood and theme
(D) were intended to contrast with films of the 1930's
(E) were disliked by many French film critics

14.It can be inferred that the films listed in lines 9 through 12 were similar in each of the following ways EXCEPT:
(A) visual appearance
(B) emotional e...

"Diffusion theory" is an umbrella idea encompassing various alternative theories of America's discovery by explorers from other parts of the world.

The primary purpose of the Passage is to
(A) celebrate life’s mundane but gratifying pleasures
(B) convey the overwhelming confusion of everyday life
(C) explore the biological implications of a person’s decisions
(D) suggest the complexity of perceptual processes
(E) present a scientific analysis of an automatic reflex
 
Questions 13-24 are based on the following passage.

(A) Passage 1 explains the evolution of a genre, while Passage 2 challenges the notion of a distinct genre.

Passage 1
Any wildlife biologist can tell you how many deer a given area can support-how much browse there is for the deer to eat before they begin to suppress the Line reproduction of trees, before they begin to starve in 5 the winter.

Researchers think they have pinpointed its former resting place to just two possible sites-a region called Sinus Sabaeus, fourteen degrees south of the Martian equator, or a crater east of the Hesperia Planitia region.

The same child may display dominance and give orders to a younger playmate but show deference and follow orders from an older friend.

I boiled a nutri¬tious infusion in a flask with a long curved neck like this one.

Passage 1
It was no accident that nineteenth-century naturalist Charles Darwin strove to connect the mentality and emotionality of people with that of dogs, rather than, say, Line doves or horses.

I simply had not envi55sioned its historical meaning.

* tenure: a permanent position, often granted to a teacher after a specified number of years of demonstrated competence

10.

(A) Examining data from observations of pretending behavior in apes other than orangutans
(B) Expanding ongoing observations of orangutans to include pretending behavior
(C) Documenting pretending behavior among orangutans raised by humans
(D) Comparing specific pretending behaviors in free-ranging and domesticated orangutans
(E) Reviewing existing data on free-ranging orangutans to determine the earliest record of pretending behavior

9.

Words that jump out of New York Creole1 conversations, like the last kernel in a cooling popcorn machine.

“More outside” and “Allgone sticky” (lines 46 and 47-48) are examples of
(A) overgeneralization errors frequently made by children
(B) exceptional instances of children’s language use
(C) children’s attempts to communicate by thinking rather than mimicking
(D) speech used by parents to communicate with their children
(E) sentences displaying children’s use of grammatical morphemes

14.

In college, young people continue to be assigned certain books, but far more important are the books they discover for themselves browsing in the library, in bookstores, on the shelves of friends, one book leading to another, back and forth in history and across languages and cultures.

Colorado"), the author implies that viewing the plains from the prospect of a river might lead one to conclude that the plains are
(A) less arid than they actually are
(B) less populous than they actually are
(C) rising more rapidly toward the mountains than they actually do
(D) not fertile enough to sustain the growth of trees
(E) not as arid as the desert

11.The author mentions the Blackfeet (lines 34-40) primarily because
(A) they appreciated the plains
(B) they were experts in using th...

Creature comforts are important to animals: "Grub first, then ethics" 10 is a motto that would describe many a wise Labrador retriever, and I have a bull terrier named Annie whose continual quest for the perfect pillow inspires her to awesome feats.

The word "extended" in line 2 most nearly means
(A) prolonged
(B) expanded
(C) removed
(D) allocated
(E) intensive

11.

The author invokes "the Founding Fathers" (lines 9-10) chiefly in order to
(A) appeal to the reader's sense of patriotism
(B) introduce a historical parallel
(C) examine the history of legislative debate
(D) remind the reader how attitudes change over time
(E) suggest that progress is compatible with tradition

16.

In lines 35-39 ("In college ... cultures"), the education illustrated is best described as
(A) elitist
(B) philanthropic
(C) eclectic
(D) methodical
(E) rudimentary

22.

The word "lift" in line 5 most closely means
(A) raise
(B) elevate
(C) make better
(D) boost up
(E) take

8.

The phrase “attend to” in lines 106-107 most closely means
(A) look after
(B) notice
(C) activate
(D) be present to
(E) associate with

18.

The third paragraph is best described as
(A) an account of a natural struggle for survival
(B) a comparison between two types of environments
(C) a description of a disruption in an ecological system
(D) a demonstration of successful efforts to preserve an environment
(E) a guideline for opposing the destruction of a crucial habitat

9.

But Anne Line Russon, a psychologist, says she has found only about 20 5 recorded cases of possible pretending in free-ranging orangutans, culled from thousands of hours of observation.

As for the adults who would deplore it, the ones who promoted this show, weren't they immune themselves to the extent that they could put in the echo-chamber effects, 60 the music, the solemnity, simulating the awe that they supposed they ought to feel?

Her curiosity was a disease, almost a mania.

“Cloning” is the creation of a new individual from the
unique DNA (or genetic information) of another.

Among the films shown were Laura; 10 The Maltese Falcon; Murder, My Sweet; Double Indemnity; and The Woman in the Window.

The author of Passage 1 mentions two sports stars (lines 31-33) in order to
(A) argue against genetic analysis of any sports star’s physical abilities
(B) distinguish between lasting fame and mere celebrity
(C) clarify the crucial role of rigorous, sustained training
(D) highlight the need for greater understanding of the athletes’ genetic data
(E) suggest that athletes’ special skills have a genetic component

20.

Researchers think they have pinpointed its former resting place to just two possible sites-a region called Sinus Sabaeus, fourteen degrees south of the Martian equator, or a crater east of the Hesperia Planitia region.

Colorado"), the author implies that viewing the plains from the prospect of a river might lead one to conclude that the plains are
(A) less arid than they actually are
(B) less populous than they actually are
(C) rising more rapidly toward the mountains than they actually do
(D) not fertile enough to sustain the growth of trees
(E) not as arid as the desert

11.The author mentions the Blackfeet (lines 34-40) primarily because
(A) they appreciated the plains
(B) they were experts in using th...

Another theory suggests that tonsils and the appendix might manufacture the antibody-producing white 10 blood cells called B lymphocytes; however, B lymphocytes could also be produced by bone marrow.

A central purpose of the Passage is to
(A) illustrate the character of the author’s mother
(B) portray the admissions process for boarding schools at that time
(C) show the author’s repressed hostility toward her mother
(D) comment on examples of racism in the United States
(E) reveal how the author became skeptical of human nature
 
Online Course Test-4
Questions 9-12 are based on the following passages.

Children have a natural immunity, most of them, and it shouldn't be tampered with.

(E) A doctor diagnoses one ailment but overlooks elements of the patient's overall health.

Perhaps they were not careful to follow my procedures.

The fluid remained sterile so long as the flask was maintained in the vertical position.

The focus of the lecture is on how Pasteur
(A) disproved an erroneous theory
(B) documented and published his experiments
(C) developed a process for killing microbes
(D) applied his findings on spontaneous generation to new problems
(E) contributed to the improvement of laboratory research standards

14.