The victory for the colonists at the Battle of Saratoga can be seen as a turning point in the Revolutionary War because: A. it instilled confidence in possible victory which enticed France into a formal alliance.
[AP 1984] The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to (A) encourage colonial manufactures (B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies (C) restrict emigration from England (D) ignore the colonies (E) grant increased colonial self-government 5.
pertaining to Indigenous people in living in the Americas or to their culture or languages
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
demonstration (1773) by citizens of Boston who (disguised as Native Americans) raided three British ships in Boston harbor and dumped hundreds of chests of tea into the harbor; organized as a protest against taxes on tea
The immediate British response to the Boston Tea Party by: A. sending troops to take the protestors back to England for trial.
concentrate legal power in one main governmental authority
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
a person who is faithful to a country, party, or cause
(A) French military and financial assistance (B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action (C) A major American military victory at Valley Forge (D) Support from the French Canadians (E) The British failure to capture Philadelphia 11.
a group of organisms of the same type living together
[AP 1984] The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to (A) encourage colonial manufactures (B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies (C) restrict emigration from England (D) ignore the colonies (E) grant increased colonial self-government 5.
the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution; they issued the Declaration of Independence and framed Articles of Confederation
(D) American negotiators consistently followed the guidelines specified by the Continental Congress.
an act passed by the British Parliament in 1756 that raised revenue from the American Colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents; opposition by the Colonies resulted in the repeal of the act in 1766
[AP 1996] The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to (A) raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America (B) reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods (C) fund the colonial postal system (D) impose a mercantilist system on the colonies (E) reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures 12.
[AP 2006] Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by (A) three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain (B) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors (C) Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I (D) King James 1, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping (E) John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity 60.
a Canadian descended from early French settlers and whose native language is French
(A) French military and financial assistance (B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action (C) A major American military victory at Valley Forge (D) Support from the French Canadians (E) The British failure to capture Philadelphia 11.
the revolution of the American Colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
[AP 2006] Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by (A) three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain (B) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors (C) Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I (D) King James 1, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping (E) John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity 60.
a member of the political party that urged social reform in 18th and 19th century England; was the opposition party to the Tories
Britain provided the Americans with generous terms in the treaty of Paris because British leaders: A. the leadership in England had switched from Whig to Torrie.
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820
[AP 1996] The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT (A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights (B) call for the abolition of the slave trade (C) appeal to the sympathies of the English people (D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 (E) accuse George III of tyranny 13 .
[AP 1984] The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily (A) lawyers, doctors, and other professionals (B) northern merchants and southern planters (C) inland farmers (D) industrialists (E) local government officials 2.
of or pertaining to or characteristic of a Congregational church
(A) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (B) The granting of suffrage to non church members (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The posting of banns by engaged couples 56.
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the Colonies from Great Britain
[AP 1996] The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT (A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights (B) call for the abolition of the slave trade (C) appeal to the sympathies of the English people (D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 (E) accuse George III of tyranny 13 .
[AP 1988] The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned: (A) patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies (B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests (C) the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris (D) the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies (E) the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies 9.AP
(A) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (B) The granting of suffrage to non church members (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The posting of banns by engaged couples 56.
someone who manages or has significant financial interest in an industrial enterprise
[AP 1984] The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily (A) lawyers, doctors, and other professionals (B) northern merchants and southern planters (C) inland farmers (D) industrialists (E) local government officials 2.
[AP 1988] Colonial cities functioned primarily as (A) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods (B) places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans (C) centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted (D) places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities (E) centers of light manufacturing 54.
(A) French military and financial assistance (B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action (C) A major American military victory at Valley Forge (D) Support from the French Canadians (E) The British failure to capture Philadelphia 11.
a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship
[AP 1984] Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of seventeenth-century Puritans toward religious liberty?
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
The Americans who continued to support the crown after independence had been declared were more likely to be all of the following except a) well educated. b) from among the older generation. c) affiliated with the Anglican Church. d) from New England. e) wealthy.
administer a sacrament signifying spiritual rebirth
(A) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (B) The granting of suffrage to non church members (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The posting of banns by engaged couples 56.
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
standing in for someone and speaking on their behalf
[AP 1988] The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned: (A) patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies (B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests (C) the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris (D) the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies (E) the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies 9.AP
a family of North American Indian languages spoken by the Iroquois
The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to a) achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat. b) propose independence of the colonies from Britain. c) declare war on the Iroquois tribe. d) prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies. e) gain peace with France.
an English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia; in the 18th century it assumed administrative control of Bengal and held it until the British army took over in 1858 after the Indian Mutiny
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists a) rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted the American definition of representation. b) suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation.” c) immediately called the First Continental Congress into session. d) avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea directly from the British East India Company. e) gave up tea and turned to coffee.
relying on or being controlled by someone or something else
[AP 1984] France's support for the United States during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by (A) enthusiasm for the revolutionary principles espoused by the Americans (B) a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain (C) a desire to regain Canada and the Carolinas (D) pressures from its ally, Spain (E) the hope of converting the United States into a French dependency 3.
[AP 1984] The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily (A) lawyers, doctors, and other professionals (B) northern merchants and southern planters (C) inland farmers (D) industrialists (E) local government officials 2.
traffic in people who are forced into unpaid labor
[AP 1996] The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT (A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights (B) call for the abolition of the slave trade (C) appeal to the sympathies of the English people (D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 (E) accuse George III of tyranny 13 .
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
a group of islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans between Asia and Australia
When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists a) rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted the American definition of representation. b) suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation.” c) immediately called the First Continental Congress into session. d) avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea directly from the British East India Company. e) gave up tea and turned to coffee.
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
[AP 1996] The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT (A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights (B) call for the abolition of the slave trade (C) appeal to the sympathies of the English people (D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 (E) accuse George III of tyranny 13 .
identifying word by which someone or something is called
[AP 2001] By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT (A) disdain for British constitutional monarchy (B) many religious denominations (C) a society without a hereditary aristocracy (D) a growing number of non-English settlers (E) acceptance of slavery as a labor system 15.
the exchange of goods without governmental interference
[AP 1988] The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to (A) protect the infant industries of England's young colonies (B) increase England's prosperity (C) discourage other European powers from colonizing North America (D) reduce the need for an overseas empire (E) open the Atlantic to free trade 7.
characteristic of an absolute ruler or absolute rule
The Declaration of Independence included all of the following except: A. blame the colonies’ problems on the British Parliament B. argue that royal tyranny justified revolt C. invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify revolt D. catalog the tyrannical actions of King George III 26.
the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)
[AP 2006] Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by (A) three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain (B) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors (C) Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I (D) King James 1, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping (E) John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity 60.
the entire amount of income before any deductions are made
[AP 1984] The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to (A) encourage colonial manufactures (B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies (C) restrict emigration from England (D) ignore the colonies (E) grant increased colonial self-government 5.
government by a country's own people rather than by an outside power
[AP 1984] The French and Indian War was a pivotal point in America's relationship to Great Britain because it led Great Britain to (A) encourage colonial manufactures (B) impose revenue taxes on the colonies (C) restrict emigration from England (D) ignore the colonies (E) grant increased colonial self-government 5.
a person who comes to a country in order to settle there
[AP 1988] Colonial cities functioned primarily as (A) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods (B) places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans (C) centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted (D) places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities (E) centers of light manufacturing 54.
[AP 1988] Colonial cities functioned primarily as (A) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods (B) places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans (C) centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted (D) places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities (E) centers of light manufacturing 54.
government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator
[AP 1996] The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT (A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights (B) call for the abolition of the slave trade (C) appeal to the sympathies of the English people (D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 (E) accuse George III of tyranny 13 .
the act of making something (a product) from raw materials
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
[AP 1984] The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy were distinctive in that they (A) were less militant than other Native American (Indian) tribes (B) all allied themselves with the American colonists against Great Britain during the Revolutionary War (C) successfully resisted incorporation into the English fur-trading system (D) were converted to Anglicanism (E) formed the most important Native American political organization to confront the colonists 52.
having the supreme power lying in citizens entitled to vote
[[AP 1996] By the time of the American Revolution, most patriots had come to believe that, in republican government, sovereignty was located in (A) the people (B) Parliament (C) state governments (D) factions (E) a centralized government 8.
[AP 1984] By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish: (A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite (B) a strong chief executive (C) a strong, government not responsible to the people (D) unlimited male suffrage (E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status 16.
[AP 1988] The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned: (A) patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies (B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests (C) the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris (D) the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies (E) the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies 9.AP
[AP 1988] The argument between Great Britain and its American colonies during the 1760's and 1770's over "virtual representation" concerned: (A) patterns of legislative apportionment in the colonial assemblies (B) Parliament's ability to reflect colonial interests (C) the lack of colonial participation in negotiating the Treaty of Paris (D) the increasing use of juryless admiralty courts in the colonies (E) the representation of "free men of color" in colonial assemblies 9.AP
[AP 1996] The primary purpose of the Stamp Act was to (A) raise revenues to support British troops stationed in America (B) reduce colonial consumption of foreign goods (C) fund the colonial postal system (D) impose a mercantilist system on the colonies (E) reduce the authority of the colonial legislatures 12.
The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams: A. promoted his bid to become governor of Massachusetts B. kept opposition to the British alive, through the exchange of propaganda C. served as a precursor to the United States Postal service D. promoted independent action in each colony to support the British.
a professional person authorized for legal practice
[AP 1984] The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily (A) lawyers, doctors, and other professionals (B) northern merchants and southern planters (C) inland farmers (D) industrialists (E) local government officials 2.
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
[AP 2001] By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT (A) disdain for British constitutional monarchy (B) many religious denominations (C) a society without a hereditary aristocracy (D) a growing number of non-English settlers (E) acceptance of slavery as a labor system 15.
(A) French military and financial assistance (B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action (C) A major American military victory at Valley Forge (D) Support from the French Canadians (E) The British failure to capture Philadelphia 11.
a form of government whose head of state is not a monarch
[AP 1984] By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish: (A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite (B) a strong chief executive (C) a strong, government not responsible to the people (D) unlimited male suffrage (E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status 16.
a sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth
(A) The baptism of children of baptized but unconverted Puritans (B) The granting of suffrage to non church members (C) The expansion of women's power within the Congregational church (D) The granting of full membership in the Congregational church to all New Englanders (E) The posting of banns by engaged couples 56.
autocracy governed by a ruler who usually inherits authority
[AP 2001] By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT (A) disdain for British constitutional monarchy (B) many religious denominations (C) a society without a hereditary aristocracy (D) a growing number of non-English settlers (E) acceptance of slavery as a labor system 15.
a politically organized body of people under a government
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
[AP 1984] The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily (A) lawyers, doctors, and other professionals (B) northern merchants and southern planters (C) inland farmers (D) industrialists (E) local government officials 2.
The Olive Branch Petition: A. was passed by Parliament B. was an expression of King George III’s desire for peace C. promised no treason charges if colonist stopped fighting.
a formal request that something be submitted to an authority
The Olive Branch Petition: A. was passed by Parliament B. was an expression of King George III’s desire for peace C. promised no treason charges if colonist stopped fighting.
engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit etc.
[AP 1988] Colonial cities functioned primarily as (A) mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods (B) places where most poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans (C) centers where large scale financial and banking operations were conducted (D) places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities (E) centers of light manufacturing 54.
(A) French military and financial assistance (B) The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action (C) A major American military victory at Valley Forge (D) Support from the French Canadians (E) The British failure to capture Philadelphia 11.
[AP 2001] By the 1750's, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT (A) disdain for British constitutional monarchy (B) many religious denominations (C) a society without a hereditary aristocracy (D) a growing number of non-English settlers (E) acceptance of slavery as a labor system 15.
the system of production and distribution and consumption
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior
[AP 2006] Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by (A) three aristocratic proprietors seeking private gain (B) a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors (C) Sir Walter Raleigh, wishing to gain favor with Elizabeth I (D) King James 1, eager to gain a base for expeditions against Spanish shipping (E) John Smith, seeking to spread Christianity 60.
the rational investigation of existence and knowledge
[AP 1996] The Declaration of Independence did all the following EXCEPT (A) appeal to the philosophy of natural rights (B) call for the abolition of the slave trade (C) appeal to the sympathies of the English people (D) criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774 (E) accuse George III of tyranny 13 .
[AP 1984] The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy were distinctive in that they (A) were less militant than other Native American (Indian) tribes (B) all allied themselves with the American colonists against Great Britain during the Revolutionary War (C) successfully resisted incorporation into the English fur-trading system (D) were converted to Anglicanism (E) formed the most important Native American political organization to confront the colonists 52.
a person responsible for the administration of a business
[AP 1984] By the time of the Revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish: (A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite (B) a strong chief executive (C) a strong, government not responsible to the people (D) unlimited male suffrage (E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status 16.
of or relating to production and management of wealth
[AP 1984] The mercantilist system in the eighteenth century led to (A) the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy (B) the protection of Native Americans (Indians) from European economic exploitation (C) the expansion of colonial manufacturing (D) the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country (E) noncompetitive commercial relations among nations 6.
the action of making of goods and services for sale
[AP 1988] The major purpose of England's mercantilist policy was to (A) protect the infant industries of England's young colonies (B) increase England's prosperity (C) discourage other European powers from colonizing North America (D) reduce the need for an overseas empire (E) open the Atlantic to free trade 7.
[AP 1988] Harvard College and Yale College were established primarily to (A) train lawyers and doctors (B) encourage scientific advances (C) ensure an adequate supply of ministers (D) prepare young men for political leadership (E) preserve the traditions of classical scholarship 57.