SAT Biology E/M

remove or separate by abscission

a neurotransmitter that is a derivative of choline

purine base found in DNA and RNA

relating to or resembling lymphatic glands or lymphoid tissue

either of a pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney

shaped like a sausage

a tiny sac for holding air in the lungs

thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo of higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)

inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea

any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar

a severe and rapid and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reaction to a substance (especially a vaccine or penicillin or shellfish or insect venom) to which the organism has become sensitized by previous exposure

male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics

an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)

plants having seeds in a closed ovary

worms with cylindrical bodies segmented both internally and externally

the part of the stamen that contains pollen

hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules

situated at an apex

a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival

the limpid fluid within the eyeball between the cornea and the lens

extinct primitive toothed bird of the Jurassic period having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds

either of two heart valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles; prevents return of blood to the atrium

a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth

thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone

the univalent radical -COOH

the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction

a graphical recording of the cardiac cycle produced by an electrocardiograph

the organs and tissues involved in circulating blood and lymph through the body

any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animals

any cedar of the genus Cedrus

a polysaccharide that is the chief constituent of all plant tissues and fibers

one of a pair of small cylindrical cell organelles near the nucleus in animal cells; composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis

small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus

of or relating to the head

the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body

a blue-black plant pigment having a blue-green alcohol solution; found in all higher plants

a dark-green plant pigment having a brilliant green alcohol solution; generally characteristic of higher plants

of or relating to or characteristic of the Chordata

the outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles, birds and mammals)

a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera; a dark pigmentation minimizes the scattering of light inside the eye

a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell

a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell

conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex; the stimulus that evokes the reflex is given whether or not the conditioned response occurs until eventually the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the reflex

spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore

radially symmetrical animals having saclike bodies with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures; they occur in polyp and medusa forms

the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the organ of Corti

a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity

a small molecule essential for the activity of some enzymes

a substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given result

milky fluid secreted for the first day or two after parturition

embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants

(biochemistry) a waxy transparent material that occurs in the cuticle of plants and consists of highly polymerized esters of fatty acids

the most common congenital disease

(biochemistry) a class of hemoprotein whose principal biological function is electron transfer (especially in cellular respiration)

any of a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and delay the senescence of leaves

a base found in DNA and RNA and derived from pyrimidine

a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence

remove poison from

of or relating to a diastole or happening during a diastole

microscopic unicellular marine or freshwater colonial alga having cell walls impregnated with silica

any of a variety of carbohydrates that yield two monosaccharide molecules on complete hydrolysis

a monoamine neurotransmitter found in the brain and essential for the normal functioning of the central nervous system; as a drug (trade names Dopastat and Intropin) it is used to treat shock and hypotension

the part of the small intestine between the stomach and the jejunum

marine invertebrates with tube feet and five-part radially symmetrical bodies

the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue

eliminate from the body

the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms

the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems

the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems

the mucous membrane that lines the uterus

nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants

a convoluted tubule in each testis

one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium

a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus

a hormone responsible for female sex characteristics

a flammable colorless gaseous alkene

minute single-celled green freshwater organism having a single flagella; often classed as algae

either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum

either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum

a white insoluble fibrous protein formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen when blood clots; it forms a network that traps red cells and platelets

a protein present in blood plasma

having or resembling a lash or whip (as does a flagellum)

of or relating to or constituting a follicle

area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute

the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants

a simple sugar found in lactose

a muscular sac attached to the liver that stores bile (secreted by the liver) until it is needed for digestion

cell or organ in which gametes develop

the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations

relating to or involving the stomach

the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells

an orienting response to gravity

a plant hormone isolated from a fungus

a small intertwined group of capillaries in the malpighian body; it filters the blood during urine formation

a sweet syrupy trihydroxy alcohol obtained by saponification of fats and oils

a purine base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with cytosine

plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary

archaebacteria requiring a salt-rich environment for growth and survival

a hand tool with a heavy rigid head and a handle

congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding

pertaining to or affecting the liver

characteristic of a nonwoody herb or plant part

(Greek mythology) son of Hermes and Aphrodite who merged with the nymph Salmacis to form one body

amine formed from histidine that stimulates gastric secretions and dilates blood vessels; released by the human immune system during allergic reactions

trouble that cannot be overcome by a single effort because of its many aspects or its persistent and pervasive quality

(of living tissue) in a state of abnormally high tension

a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system

a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system

(of living tissue) lacking normal tone or tension

extinct horse genus; formerly called eohippus

a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established

an antiviral protein produced by cells that have been invaded by a virus; inhibits replication of the virus

of or relating to or inside the intestines

the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

of two or more muscles; having equal tension

the appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species (including the number and arrangement and size and structure of the chromosomes)

any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose

relating to or consisting of or producing or resembling milk

a clear odorless hygroscopic syrupy carboxylic acid found in sour milk and in many fruits

blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi

a complex polymer

an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease

the second half of the menstrual cycle after ovulation

the source of lymph and lymphocytes

an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection

the capsule that contains Bowman's capsule and a glomerulus at the expanded end of a nephron

a large bone marrow cell

the time in a woman's life in which the menstrual cycle ends

undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root

the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue

of or relating to metabolism

archaebacteria found in anaerobic environments such as animal intestinal tracts or sediments or sewage and capable of producing methane; a source of natural gas

a sugar that does not hydrolyse to give other sugars

mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior

a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers

a layer of myelin encasing (and insulating) the axons of medullated nerve fibers

one of many contractile filaments that make up a striated muscle fiber

the commonest protein in muscle

unsegmented worms with elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but some are parasitic

a neurochemical that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units

a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside

a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside

a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions

conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response

fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it

of or involving the ovaries

(vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone

either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus

a small or immature ovum

of or relating to the parasympathetic nervous system

any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland

animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels

precursor of pepsin

a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms

process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection

a genetic disorder of metabolism

any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes

any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes

water-soluble proteinaceous pigments found in red algae and cyanobacteria

photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton

any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal

having the form of a pine cone

process by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid

the flat ciliated free-swimming larva of hydrozoan coelenterates

a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell

a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication

any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein

flatworms

transfer of the fine spores that contain male gametes

a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids

of a cell or organism having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes

any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules

coextensive with the subkingdom Parazoa: sponges

the posterior lobe of the pituitary body

an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings

a steroid hormone produced in the ovary

a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen

any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis

a protein in blood plasma that is the inactive precursor of thrombin

free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes

eukaryotic one-celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals: protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae

one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs

a colorless crystalline organic base containing nitrogen

the sphincter muscle of the pylorus that separates the stomach from the duodenum

a heterocyclic organic compound with a penetrating odor

a colorless acid formed as an important intermediate in metabolism or fermentation

a small structure resembling a rootlet

the terminal section of the alimentary canal

of or relating to the kidneys

any fine network

any of a group of viruses that contain two single-strand linear RNA molecules per virion and reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA); the virus transcribes its RNA into a cDNA provirus that is then incorporated into the host cell

an organism that lives in and derives its nourishment from organic matter in stagnant or foul water

the whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering and protection of the eyeball

the external pouch that contains the testes

the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

one of three tube loops filled with fluid and in planes nearly at right angles with one another; concerned with equilibrium

either of a pair of glands located on either side of the male urinary bladder that open into the vas deferens and that secrete many components of semen during ejaculation

one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower

an amber, watery fluid, rich in proteins, that separates out when blood coagulates

a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks

tube formed by cells joined end-to-end through which nutrients flow in flowering plants and brown algae

a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat

a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists

cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond

organ containing or producing spores

a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion

the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations

any of several fat-soluble organic compounds having as a basis 17 carbon atoms in four rings; many have important physiological effects

support consisting of metal loops into which rider's feet go

a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass

the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)

the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)

receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins

the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis

(neuroscience) of or involving synapses

of or relating to a systole or happening during a systole

an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot

tiny bits of protoplasm found in vertebrate blood

an enzyme liberated from blood platelets that converts prothrombin into thrombin as blood starts to clot

a blood clot formed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin

a base found in DNA and derived from pyrimidine

a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity; atrophies with age

a gland in the neck that controls metabolism and energy use

either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx

long tubular cell peculiar to xylem

green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

the transport of dissolved material within a plant

an involuntary orienting response

an enzyme of pancreatic origin

a small tube

(biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane

the main cavity of the ear

a high speed centrifuge used to determine the relative molecular masses of large molecules in high polymers and proteins

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct

a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine

a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females

a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females

tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants

a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

dilation of blood vessels (especially the arteries)

a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure

a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure

the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball

membranous structure enclosing the yolk of eggs in birds, reptiles, marsupials, and some fishes; circulates nutrients to the developing embryo

animal constituent of plankton