Female Reproductive System

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  1. uterine tube
    either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  2. mons pubis
    a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  3. FSH
    a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm
    GnRH causes the pituitary to release two more hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  4. oocyte
    a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions
    FSH causes the primary oocyte within the follicle to develop into a secondary oocyte.
  5. endometrium
    the mucous membrane that lines the uterus
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  6. lactiferous duct
    ducts of the mammary gland that carry milk to the nipple
    The lobes contain lactiferous ducts that converge toward the nipple.
  7. anterior pituitary
    the anterior lobe of the pituitary body
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  8. corpus luteum
    yellow endocrine tissue that forms in a ruptured Graafian follicle following the release of an ovum; it degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
  9. progesterone
    a steroid hormone produced in the ovary
    The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone (hormone that stimulates endometrium thickening).
  10. anterior pituitary gland
    the anterior lobe of the pituitary body
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  11. luteinizing hormone
    a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals
    GnRH causes the pituitary to release two more hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  12. labia minora
    the two inner folds of the vulva
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  13. follicle-stimulating hormone
    a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates the cells in male mammals that form sperm
    GnRH causes the pituitary to release two more hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  14. labia majora
    the two outer folds of the vulva
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  15. endometrial
    of or relating to the endometrium
    Without progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining, the lining is shed with the degenerated oocyte approximately 14 days after ovulation.
  16. releasing hormone
    a substance produced by the hypothalamus that is capable of accelerating the secretion of a given hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  17. labium
    a liplike structure that bounds a bodily orifice
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  18. follicle
    any small spherical group of cells containing a cavity
    The ovarian and menstrual cycles begin each month when a follicle (developing ovum surrounded by a cluster of cells) develops in the ovary.
  19. fertilized ovum
    a fertilized egg
    The unfertilized ovum degenerates in the ampulla; the fertilized ovum resumes its journey to the uterus.
  20. negative feedback
    feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input
    After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone act in the bloodstream to inhibit anterior pituitary production of LH and FSH. This negative feedback control ensures that only one follicle develops each cycle.
  21. female reproductive system
    the reproductive system of females
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  22. mammary gland
    milk-secreting organ of female mammals
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  23. mucosal
    of or relating to mucous membranes
    The endometrium inner mucosal lining has two layers, the stratum functionalis and stratum basalis.
  24. estrogen
    a hormone responsible for female sex characteristics
    Ovaries produce ova and estrogen (female sex hormone).
  25. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  26. urinary bladder
    a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  27. engorge
    overeat or eat immodestly; make a pig of oneself
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  28. ovum
    the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  29. gonadotropin
    hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  30. uterus
    a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  31. fertilize
    provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to
    Each secondary oocyte completes this division only when sperm fertilizes it.
  32. ovulation
    the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  33. mammary
    of or relating to the milk-giving gland of the female
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  34. hormone
    the secretion of an endocrine gland transmitted by the blood
    Ovaries produce ova and estrogen (female sex hormone).
  35. ampulla
    a flask that has two handles
    The ampulla, the middle part of the uterine tube, contains smooth muscle to move the egg.
  36. uterine
    of or involving the uterus
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  37. pituitary
    of or relating to the pituitary gland
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  38. infundibulum
    any of various funnel-shaped parts of the body
    The infundibulum end is beside the ovary; its fimbria (feathery structures) "sweep" the developing ovum into the tube.
  39. hypothalamus
    a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
    The hypothalamus in the brain produces hormones that cause these cycles.
  40. smooth muscle
    a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart)
    The ampulla, the middle part of the uterine tube, contains smooth muscle to move the egg.
  41. menstrual cycle
    a recurring cycle (beginning at menarche and ending at menopause) in which the endometrial lining of the uterus prepares for pregnancy; if pregnancy does not occur the lining is shed at menstruation
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  42. pubic hair
    hair growing in the pubic area
    During puberty, pubic hair covers it.
  43. vulva
    external parts of the female genitalia
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  44. pituitary gland
    the master gland of the endocrine system
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  45. birth canal
    a passage in the uterus and vagina through which a fetus passes during vaginal birth
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  46. ovary
    (vertebrates) one of usually two organs that produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  47. vagina
    the lower part of the female reproductive tract
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  48. lactation
    the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  49. ovarian
    of or involving the ovaries
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  50. gland
    a small organ that synthesizes and secretes chemicals
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  51. pubis
    one of the three sections of the hipbone
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  52. menstrual
    of or relating to menstruation or the menses
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  53. unfertilized
    not having been fertilized
    The unfertilized ovum degenerates in the ampulla; the fertilized ovum resumes its journey to the uterus.
  54. hymen
    a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  55. pubic
    relating or near the pubis
    During puberty, pubic hair covers it.
  56. pectoral muscle
    either of two large muscles of the chest
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  57. menstrual flow
    flow of blood from the uterus
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  58. cervix
    the part of an organism (human or animal) that connects the head to the rest of the body
    The body is the tapered middle part that ends at the cervix (junction between the vagina and uterus).
  59. engorged
    overfull as with blood
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  60. clitoris
    a female sexual organ homologous to the penis
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  61. oviduct
    either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus
    The uterine tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes) are paired tubes that receive the developing ovum from the ovary.
  62. urethral
    of or relating to the urethra
    The labia minora are inner, smaller skin folds that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.
  63. fatty tissue
    a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; it also cushions and insulates vital organs
    The mons pubis is a mound of fatty tissue at the junction of the thighs and torso.
  64. secretory
    of or relating to or producing a secretion
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
  65. gonad
    a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  66. sperm
    the male reproductive cell; the male gamete
    Each secondary oocyte completes this division only when sperm fertilizes it.
  67. vaginal
    of or relating to the vagina
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  68. suspensory
    a bandage of elastic fabric applied to uplift a dependant part (as the scrotum or a pendulous breast)
    The glands are connected to the skin by the suspensory ligaments of the breast.
  69. corpus
    a collection of writings
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
  70. erectile
    capable of being raised to an upright position
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  71. pelvic
    of or relating to the pelvis
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  72. urinary
    of or relating to the urinary system of the body
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  73. reproductive system
    organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  74. secrete
    generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids
    The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone (hormone that stimulates endometrium thickening).
  75. ligament
    a band of fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages
    The round ligaments hold the uterus anteverted (inclined forward) over the urinary bladder.
  76. sweat gland
    any of the glands in the skin that secrete perspiration
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  77. sex organ
    any organ involved in sexual reproduction
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  78. prepuce
    a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
    The labia minora merge anteriorly to form the prepuce (foreskin) of the clitoris.
  79. genitalia
    external sex organ
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  80. anterior
    of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  81. constrict
    squeeze or push together
    The isthmus is the constricted region between the body and cervix.
  82. cycle
    a periodically repeated sequence of events
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  83. cell division
    the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  84. foreskin
    a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
    The labia minora merge anteriorly to form the prepuce (foreskin) of the clitoris.
  85. anteriorly
    in an anterior direction
    The labia minora merge anteriorly to form the prepuce (foreskin) of the clitoris.
  86. fimbria
    thin projections forming a fringe
    The infundibulum end is beside the ovary; its fimbria (feathery structures) "sweep" the developing ovum into the tube.
  87. duct
    an enclosed conduit for a fluid
    The lobes contain lactiferous ducts that converge toward the nipple.
  88. egg cell
    the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  89. fundus
    (anatomy) the base of a hollow organ or that part of the organ farthest from its opening
    The fundus is the wide upper portion.
  90. sex hormone
    any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs
    Ovaries produce ova and estrogen (female sex hormone).
  91. puberty
    the time of life when one becomes capable of having children
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  92. reproductive organ
    any organ involved in sexual reproduction
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  93. fertilized egg
    an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life
    The developing follicle produces estrogen, which causes the endometrium to prepare to nourish a fertilized egg.
  94. sexual intercourse
    the act of sexual intercourse between two people
    Initial sexual intercourse or other form of penetration ruptures the hymen.
  95. stimulate
    cause to act in a specified manner
    GnRH causes the pituitary to release two more hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  96. lining
    a protective covering that protects an inside surface
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  97. cyclic
    marked by repeated series of events
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  98. tube
    a hollow cylindrical shape
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  99. menstruation
    the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause
    Without these hormones, the endometrium breaks down and menstruation (expulsion of endometrial lining from the uterus through the vagina) occurs.
  100. serous
    of or producing or containing serum
    The outer serous layer forms ligaments that hold it to the pelvic walls.
  101. nipple
    the small projection of a mammary gland
    The lobes contain lactiferous ducts that converge toward the nipple.
  102. cilium
    a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell
    Cilia (inner wall little projections) also sweep the egg along the tube.
  103. fascia
    instrument panel on an automobile or airplane containing dials and controls
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  104. endocrine
    of or belonging to glands that secrete hormones
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
  105. penis
    the male organ of copulation (`member' is a euphemism)
    Normally collapsed, it can enlarge to accommodate an erect penis or a birth.
  106. constricted
    drawn together or squeezed physically or by extension psychologically
    The isthmus is the constricted region between the body and cervix.
  107. inhibit
    limit the range or extent of
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  108. newborn
    recently born
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  109. reproductive
    producing new life or offspring
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  110. lobe
    a rounded projection that is part of a larger structure
    The mammary glands have 15 to 20 lobes of glandular tissue.
  111. glandular
    relating to or affecting or functioning as a gland
    The mammary glands have 15 to 20 lobes of glandular tissue.
  112. placenta
    the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus
    The corpus luteum produces these hormones during early pregnancy; the placenta takes over later.
  113. secondary
    being of second rank or importance or value
    FSH causes the primary oocyte within the follicle to develop into a secondary oocyte.
  114. degenerate
    a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable
    Unless sperm fertilize the secondary oocyte, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate, dropping blood progesterone levels.
  115. pectoral
    of or relating to the chest or thorax
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  116. connective tissue
    tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  117. developing
    of societies with low levels of industrial capability
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  118. feedback
    the process in which output of a system is returned to input
    After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone act in the bloodstream to inhibit anterior pituitary production of LH and FSH. This negative feedback control ensures that only one follicle develops each cycle.
  119. enlarge
    make bigger
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  120. bloodstream
    the blood flowing through the circulatory system
    After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone act in the bloodstream to inhibit anterior pituitary production of LH and FSH. This negative feedback control ensures that only one follicle develops each cycle.
  121. tapered
    becoming gradually narrower
    The body is the tapered middle part that ends at the cervix (junction between the vagina and uterus).
  122. layer
    a single thickness of some substance or material
    The uterus has three layers.
  123. isthmus
    a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
    The isthmus end of the uterine tube opens into the uterus.
  124. fluctuate
    move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike pattern
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  125. stratum
    one of several parallel layers of material
    The endometrium inner mucosal lining has two layers, the stratum functionalis and stratum basalis.
  126. secretion
    the organic process of releasing some substance
    Every month the stratum functionalis is built up in response to estrogen secretion.
  127. mons
    a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  128. overlie
    lie upon; lie on top of
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  129. disintegrate
    break into parts or components or lose cohesion or unity
    Unless sperm fertilizes the secondary oocyte, the corpus luteum disintegrates into corpus albicans, and estrogen and progesterone secretion cease.
  130. connective
    connecting or tending to connect
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  131. rectum
    the terminal section of the alimentary canal
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  132. tissue
    part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  133. sinus
    an abnormal passage leading from a suppurating cavity to the body surface
    These ducts dilate just before they reach the lactiferous sinus, then constrict again before passing out of the nipple through 15 to 20 openings.
  134. bladder
    a distensible membranous sac
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  135. muscular
    having a robust body-build
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  136. nourish
    provide with sustenance
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  137. paired
    used of gloves, socks, etc.
    The uterine tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes) are paired tubes that receive the developing ovum from the ovary.
  138. release
    grant freedom to; free from confinement
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  139. chromosome
    a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  140. inhibition
    the action of forbidding
    The inhibition of LH causes the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH, which stimulates development of another ovum.
  141. converge
    be adjacent or come together
    The lobes contain lactiferous ducts that converge toward the nipple.
  142. dilate
    become wider
    These ducts dilate just before they reach the lactiferous sinus, then constrict again before passing out of the nipple through 15 to 20 openings.
  143. torso
    the body excluding the head and neck and limbs
    The mons pubis is a mound of fatty tissue at the junction of the thighs and torso.
  144. pregnancy
    the state of being pregnant
    During pregnancy, high blood estrogen and progesterone levels stimulate lactation.
  145. childbirth
    the parturition process in human beings
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  146. fluctuating
    having unpredictable ups and downs
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  147. flow out
    flow or spill forth
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  148. develop
    progress or evolve through a process of natural growth
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  149. sexual
    of or relating to or characterized by sexuality
    Initial sexual intercourse or other form of penetration ruptures the hymen.
  150. orifice
    an opening, especially one that opens into a bodily cavity
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  151. thickening
    the act of thickening
    The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone (hormone that stimulates endometrium thickening).
  152. approximately
    imprecise but fairly close to correct
    Without progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining, the lining is shed with the degenerated oocyte approximately 14 days after ovulation.
  153. feathery
    resembling or suggesting a feather or feathers
    The infundibulum end is beside the ovary; its fimbria (feathery structures) "sweep" the developing ovum into the tube.
  154. fatty
    containing or composed of fat
    The mons pubis is a mound of fatty tissue at the junction of the thighs and torso.
  155. produce
    bring forth or yield
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  156. blood vessel
    a vessel in which blood circulates
    It contains blood vessels and glands to nourish the fertilized ovum.
  157. comparable to
    worthy of comparison; as good as
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  158. junction
    an act of joining or adjoining things
    The body is the tapered middle part that ends at the cervix (junction between the vagina and uterus).
  159. female
    of the sex that produces eggs from which offspring develop
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  160. collapse
    break down, literally or metaphorically
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
  161. merge
    mix together different elements
    The labia minora merge anteriorly to form the prepuce (foreskin) of the clitoris.
  162. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  163. cause
    events that provide the generative force of something
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  164. releasing
    emotionally purging (of e.g. art)
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  165. muscle
    animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
    The ampulla, the middle part of the uterine tube, contains smooth muscle to move the egg.
  166. level
    a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  167. elevate
    raise from a lower to a higher position
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  168. onset
    the beginning or early stages
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  169. organs
    edible viscera of a butchered animal
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  170. inner
    located inward
    Cilia (inner wall little projections) also sweep the egg along the tube.
  171. abdomen
    the region of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  172. organ
    a structure in an animal specialized for some function
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  173. egg
    animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  174. penetration
    the act of entering into or through something
    Initial sexual intercourse or other form of penetration ruptures the hymen.
  175. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
    The system structures are the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, and mammary glands.
  176. breast
    either of two soft fleshy milk-secreting glandular organs on the chest of a woman
    The mammary glands are in the breasts.
  177. embryo
    an animal organism in the early stages of growth
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  178. stimulating
    that stimulates
    GnRH causes the pituitary to release two more hormones: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
  179. rupture
    the act of making a sudden noisy break
    Initial sexual intercourse or other form of penetration ruptures the hymen.
  180. expulsion
    the act of forcing out someone or something
    Without these hormones, the endometrium breaks down and menstruation (expulsion of endometrial lining from the uterus through the vagina) occurs.
  181. comparable
    able to be described as similar
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  182. projection
    the act of expelling or ejecting
    Cilia (inner wall little projections) also sweep the egg along the tube.
  183. intercourse
    the act of engaging in sexual intercourse
    Initial sexual intercourse or other form of penetration ruptures the hymen.
  184. decrease
    a change downward
    After menstruation, progesterone and LH levels decrease.
  185. thicken
    make thick or thicker
    The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone (hormone that stimulates endometrium thickening).
  186. accommodate
    have room for; hold without crowding
    Normally collapsed, it can enlarge to accommodate an erect penis or a birth.
  187. incline
    lower or bend, as in a nod or bow
    The round ligaments hold the uterus anteverted (inclined forward) over the urinary bladder.
  188. taper
    diminish gradually
    The body is the tapered middle part that ends at the cervix (junction between the vagina and uterus).
  189. outer
    located outside
    The outer serous layer forms ligaments that hold it to the pelvic walls.
  190. blood
    the fluid that is pumped through the body by the heart
    The ovarian cycle, fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in the blood, causes the menstrual cycle.
  191. birth
    the time when something begins (especially life)
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  192. development
    a process in which something passes to a different stage
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  193. normally
    under normal conditions
    Normally collapsed, it can enlarge to accommodate an erect penis or a birth.
  194. skin
    a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch
    The labia majora are skin folds that form the vulva outer border.
  195. thigh
    the part of the leg between the hip and the knee
    The mons pubis is a mound of fatty tissue at the junction of the thighs and torso.
  196. reside
    live in
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  197. act on
    carry further or advance
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  198. pass out
    give to several people
    These ducts dilate just before they reach the lactiferous sinus, then constrict again before passing out of the nipple through 15 to 20 openings.
  199. ensure
    make certain of
    After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone act in the bloodstream to inhibit anterior pituitary production of LH and FSH. This negative feedback control ensures that only one follicle develops each cycle.
  200. channels
    official routes of communication
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  201. modified
    changed in form or character
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  202. fold
    bend or lay so that one part covers the other
    The labia majora are skin folds that form the vulva outer border.
  203. mound
    a collection of objects laid on top of each other
    The mons pubis is a mound of fatty tissue at the junction of the thighs and torso.
  204. male
    being the sex that performs the fertilizing function
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  205. only when
    never except when
    Each secondary oocyte completes this division only when sperm fertilizes it.
  206. partially
    in some degree; not wholly
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  207. body
    an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
  208. monthly
    of or occurring or payable every month
    The monthly cycle begins again.
  209. elevated
    raised above the ground
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  210. resume
    take up or begin anew
    The unfertilized ovum degenerates in the ampulla; the fertilized ovum resumes its journey to the uterus.
  211. sex
    one of two categories into which most organisms are divided
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  212. middle
    an area that is approximately central within some larger region
    The ampulla, the middle part of the uterine tube, contains smooth muscle to move the egg.
  213. modify
    cause to change; make different
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  214. initial
    occurring at the beginning
    Initial sexual intercourse or other form of penetration ruptures the hymen.
  215. contain
    hold or have within
    The ampulla, the middle part of the uterine tube, contains smooth muscle to move the egg.
  216. build up
    enlarge, develop, or increase by degrees or in stages
    Every month the stratum functionalis is built up in response to estrogen secretion.
  217. line
    a length between two points
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  218. break down
    stop operating or functioning
    Without these hormones, the endometrium breaks down and menstruation (expulsion of endometrial lining from the uterus through the vagina) occurs.
  219. shed
    cause or allow to flow or run out or over
    Without progesterone to maintain the endometrial lining, the lining is shed with the degenerated oocyte approximately 14 days after ovulation.
  220. negative
    characterized by denial or opposition or resistance
    After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone act in the bloodstream to inhibit anterior pituitary production of LH and FSH. This negative feedback control ensures that only one follicle develops each cycle.
  221. pair
    a set of two similar things considered as a unit
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  222. cluster
    a grouping of a number of similar things
    The ovarian and menstrual cycles begin each month when a follicle (developing ovum surrounded by a cluster of cells) develops in the ovary.
  223. sweat
    salty fluid secreted by glands in the skin
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  224. baby
    a very young mammal
    The middle muscular layer has three muscle layers used in labor to deliver a baby.
  225. production
    the act or process of making something
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  226. dropping
    coming down freely under the influence of gravity
    Unless sperm fertilize the secondary oocyte, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate, dropping blood progesterone levels.
  227. take over
    seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession
    The corpus luteum produces these hormones during early pregnancy; the placenta takes over later.
  228. surround
    extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle
    The ovarian and menstrual cycles begin each month when a follicle (developing ovum surrounded by a cluster of cells) develops in the ovary.
  229. division
    the act of partitioning
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  230. opening
    an open or empty space in or between things
    The labia minora are inner, smaller skin folds that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.
  231. sweep
    clean by using a broom or as if with a broom
    The infundibulum end is beside the ovary; its fimbria (feathery structures) "sweep" the developing ovum into the tube.
  232. process
    a particular course of action intended to achieve a result
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  233. maintain
    keep in a certain state, position, or activity
    These hormones complete the endometrium development and maintain the endometrium for 10 to 14 days.
  234. complete
    having all necessary qualities
    Each secondary oocyte completes this division only when sperm fertilizes it.
  235. reduce
    make smaller
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  236. cover
    provide with a covering or cause to be covered
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  237. complex
    complicated in structure
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  238. external
    happening or arising outside some limits or surface
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  239. receive
    get something; come into possession of
    The uterine tubes (oviducts or fallopian tubes) are paired tubes that receive the developing ovum from the ovary.
  240. primary
    of first rank or importance or value
    FSH causes the primary oocyte within the follicle to develop into a secondary oocyte.
  241. occur
    come to pass
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  242. canal
    long and narrow strip of water for boats or for irrigation
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  243. form
    a perceptual structure
    The outer serous layer forms ligaments that hold it to the pelvic walls.
  244. deliver
    bring to a destination
    The middle muscular layer has three muscle layers used in labor to deliver a baby.
  245. attach to
    be part of
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  246. prepare
    make ready or suitable or equip in advance
    The developing follicle produces estrogen, which causes the endometrium to prepare to nourish a fertilized egg.
  247. response
    the speech act of continuing a conversational exchange
    Every month the stratum functionalis is built up in response to estrogen secretion.
  248. sensation
    an awareness of some type of stimulation
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  249. each
    separately for every person or thing
    The ovarian and menstrual cycles begin each month when a follicle (developing ovum surrounded by a cluster of cells) develops in the ovary.
  250. cease
    put an end to a state or an activity
    Unless sperm fertilizes the secondary oocyte, the corpus luteum disintegrates into corpus albicans, and estrogen and progesterone secretion cease.
  251. hollow
    not solid; having a space or gap or cavity
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  252. hair
    a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss
    During puberty, pubic hair covers it.
  253. inclined
    at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position
    The round ligaments hold the uterus anteverted (inclined forward) over the urinary bladder.
  254. attached
    being joined in close association
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  255. channel
    a deep and relatively narrow body of water
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  256. begin
    set in motion, cause to start
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  257. erect
    upright in position or posture
    Normally collapsed, it can enlarge to accommodate an erect penis or a birth.
  258. smaller
    small or little relative to something else
    The labia minora are inner, smaller skin folds that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.
  259. system
    a group of independent elements comprising a unified whole
    Female reproductive organs

    The female reproductive system is more complex than that of the male.
  260. smooth
    having a surface free from roughness or irregularities
    The ampulla, the middle part of the uterine tube, contains smooth muscle to move the egg.
  261. nurse
    one skilled in caring for young children or the sick
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  262. fee
    a fixed charge for a privilege or for professional services
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  263. surrounded
    confined on all sides
    The ovarian and menstrual cycles begin each month when a follicle (developing ovum surrounded by a cluster of cells) develops in the ovary.
  264. connected
    joined or linked together
    The glands are connected to the skin by the suspensory ligaments of the breast.
  265. include
    have as a part; be made up out of
    The vulva, external genitalia, includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, and clitoris.
  266. days
    the time during which someone's life continues
    These hormones complete the endometrium development and maintain the endometrium for 10 to 14 days.
  267. milk
    a white nutritious liquid secreted by mammals and used as food by human beings
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  268. attach
    be in contact with
    These glands overlie the pectoral muscles and are attached to them via fascia (connective tissue).
  269. excitement
    the state of being emotionally worked up
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  270. wall
    an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure
    Cilia (inner wall little projections) also sweep the egg along the tube.
  271. border
    the boundary of a surface
    The labia majora are skin folds that form the vulva outer border.
  272. rapidly
    with quick movements
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  273. end
    either extremity of something that has length
    The infundibulum end is beside the ovary; its fimbria (feathery structures) "sweep" the developing ovum into the tube.
  274. upper
    higher in place or position
    The fundus is the wide upper portion.
  275. connect
    fasten or put together two or more pieces
    The glands are connected to the skin by the suspensory ligaments of the breast.
  276. thin
    of relatively small extent from one surface to the opposite
    In some women, the hymen (thin tissue) partially covers the vaginal orifice.
  277. flow
    move along, of liquids
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  278. region
    the extended spatial location of something
    The isthmus is the constricted region between the body and cervix.
  279. center
    an area that is in the middle of some larger region
    This small erectile structure, comparable to the male penis, becomes engorged with blood during sexual excitement and is the female center of sexual sensation.
  280. in front
    at or in the front
    The uterus is a hollow muscular organ in front of the rectum and behind the urinary bladder.
  281. protect
    shield from danger, injury, destruction, or damage
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  282. also
    in addition
    Estrogen also inhibits pituitary gland production of FSH. The elevated estrogen level causes the anterior pituitary to release LH. This action causes ovulation, a process in which the follicle rapidly enlarges and releases the secondary oocyte.
  283. feed
    provide as food
    These glands are modified sweat glands that produce and secrete milk during the lactation process to feed the newborn.
  284. part
    one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole
    Ovaries, a pair of female gonads (sex organs), reside in the pelvic part of the abdomen on either side of the uterus.
  285. portion
    something determined in relation to a thing that includes it
    The fundus is the wide upper portion.
  286. brain
    the organ that is the center of the nervous system
    The hypothalamus in the brain produces hormones that cause these cycles.
  287. series
    similar things placed in order or one after another
    At puberty onset, the menstrual (uterine) cycle, a series of cyclic changes to the endometrium (uterine lining) begins.
  288. month
    one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year
    The ovarian and menstrual cycles begin each month when a follicle (developing ovum surrounded by a cluster of cells) develops in the ovary.
  289. after
    happening at a time subsequent to a reference time
    It produces ova (egg cells); nourishes, carries, and protects the developing embryo; and nurses the newborn after birth.
  290. act
    behave in a certain manner
    The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which acts on the anterior pituitary gland.
  291. passing
    lasting a very short time
    These ducts dilate just before they reach the lactiferous sinus, then constrict again before passing out of the nipple through 15 to 20 openings.
  292. journey
    the act of traveling from one place to another
    The unfertilized ovum degenerates in the ampulla; the fertilized ovum resumes its journey to the uterus.
  293. labor
    any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
    The middle muscular layer has three muscle layers used in labor to deliver a baby.
  294. through
    having finished or arrived at completion
    Development occurs through meiosis (cell division that reduces the chromosome number in the cell from 46 to 23).
  295. vessel
    an object used as a container, especially for liquids
    It contains blood vessels and glands to nourish the fertilized ovum.
  296. built
    having a substance added to increase effectiveness
    Every month the stratum functionalis is built up in response to estrogen secretion.
  297. wide
    having great extent from one side to the other
    The fundus is the wide upper portion.
  298. outside
    the region that is outside of something
    The vagina is a muscular tube from the uterus to outside the body.
  299. between
    in the interval
    The body is the tapered middle part that ends at the cervix (junction between the vagina and uterus).
  300. hold
    have in one's hands or grip
    The round ligaments hold the uterus anteverted (inclined forward) over the urinary bladder.
  301. control
    power to direct or determine
    After ovulation, estrogen and progesterone act in the bloodstream to inhibit anterior pituitary production of LH and FSH. This negative feedback control ensures that only one follicle develops each cycle.
  302. out of
    motivated by
    The vagina receives sperm from sexual intercourse, channels menstrual flow out of the body, and is a birth canal for the baby during childbirth.
  303. become
    come into existence
    LH also causes the collapsed follicle to become the corpus luteum, an endocrine (secretory) body.
Created on Wed Jun 09 11:40:43 EDT 2010

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