types:
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wakefulness
a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
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bloodiness
the state of being bloody
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incompatibility
(immunology) the degree to which the body's immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)
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acathexia
an inability to retain bodily secretions
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angiotelectasia
dilation and enlargement of arterioles
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torpidity, torpor
a state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility
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agalactia, agalactosis
a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered
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anaesthesia, anesthesia
loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
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anhidrosis, anhydrosis
failure of the sweat glands
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arousal
a state of heightened physiological activity
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sleep, slumber
a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended
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sleep, sopor
a torpid state resembling deep sleep
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drive
a physiological state corresponding to a strong need or desire
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elastosis
breakdown of elastic tissue (as the loss of elasticity in the skin of elderly people that results from degeneration of connective tissue)
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flatulence, flatulency, gas
a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal
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flection, flexion, flexure
the state of being flexed (as of a joint)
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estrus, heat, oestrus, rut
applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity
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anestrum, anestrus, anoestrum, anoestrus
applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or interval of sexual inactivity between two periods of estrus
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hypercapnia, hypercarbia
the physical condition of having the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
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acapnia, hypocapnia
a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal; can result from deep or rapid breathing
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asphyxia
a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilatory basis; caused by choking or drowning or electric shock or poison gas
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oxygen debt
a cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise; the deficit must be made up when the body returns to rest
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hyperthermia, hyperthermy
abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer)
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normothermia
normal body temperature
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hypothermia
subnormal body temperature
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muscularity
the physiological state of having or consisting of muscle
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myasthenia
any muscular weakness
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infertility, sterility
the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate
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false pregnancy, pseudocyesis
physiological state in which a woman exhibits symptoms of pregnancy but is not pregnant
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gestation, maternity, pregnancy
the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus
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rigor mortis
temporary stiffness of joints and muscular rigidity occurring after death
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vitalisation, vitalization
the state of being vitalized and filled with life
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good health, healthiness
the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease
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fecundity, fertility
the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
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potence, potency
the state of being potent; a male's capacity to have sexual intercourse
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pathological state
a physical condition that is caused by disease
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disorder, upset
a physical condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning
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cellularity
the state of having cells
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addiction, dependance, dependence, dependency, habituation
being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)
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suspended animation
a temporary cessation of vital functions with loss of consciousness resembling death; usually resulting from asphyxia
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cryptobiosis
a state in which an animal's metabolic activities come to a reversible standstill
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dilatation, distension, distention
the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions
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emmetropia
(ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina
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sedation
a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administrative of a sedative agent
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hyperpigmentation
unusual darkening of the skin
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hypopigmentation
unusual lack of skin color
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amyxia
a condition in which no mucus in produced
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cold sweat
the physical condition of concurrent perspiration and chill; associated with fear
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abnormalcy, abnormality
an abnormal physical condition resulting from defective genes or developmental deficiencies
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blockage, obstruction
the physical condition of blocking or filling a passage with an obstruction
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intoxication, poisoning, toxic condition
the physiological state produced by a poison or other toxic substance
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analgesia
absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
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oligospermia
insufficient spermatozoa in the semen
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arousal
awakening from sleep
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vigil
a period of sleeplessness
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sleeping
the state of being asleep
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immunological disorder
a disorder of the immune system
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histoincompatibility
incompatibility in which one person's tissue cannot be transplanted to another person
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Rh incompatibility
incompatibility of Rh blood types; a transfusion of Rh-positive blood given to a Rh-negative person (or vice versa) can result in hemolysis and anemia
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hibernation
the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter
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lassitude, lethargy, sluggishness
a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
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acardia
congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
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acephalia, acephalism, acephaly
absence of the head (as in the development of some monsters)
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acorea
absence of the pupil in an eye
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acromicria, acromikria
abnormally small extremities (underdeveloped fingers and toes)
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acromphalus
abnormal protrusion of the navel; sometimes the start of umbilical hernia
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amastia
absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
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aneuploidy
an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)
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anorchia, anorchidism, anorchism
absence of one of both testes
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NREM, NREM sleep, nonrapid eye movement, nonrapid eye movement sleep, orthodox sleep
a recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming does not occur; accounts for about 75% of normal sleep time
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REM, REM sleep, paradoxical sleep, rapid eye movement, rapid eye movement sleep
a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of rapidly shifting eye movements during sleep
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shuteye
informal term for sleep
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cryoanaesthesia, cryoanesthesia
insensibility resulting from cold
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general anaesthesia, general anesthesia
a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)
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local anaesthesia, local anesthesia
loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)
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block anaesthesia, block anesthesia, conduction anaesthesia, conduction anesthesia, nerve block anaesthesia, nerve block anesthesia
anesthesia of an area supplied by a nerve; produced by an anesthetic agent applied to the nerve
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regional anaesthesia, regional anesthesia
loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth)
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topical anaesthesia, topical anesthesia
loss of sensation confined to the skin or mucous surfaces (as when benzocaine or Lidocaine is applied to the surface)
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alerting, alertness
a state of readiness to respond
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emotional arousal
the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior
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excitation, innervation, irritation
the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland
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sexual arousal
the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior
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diestrum, diestrus
(of animals having several estrous cycles in one breeding season) a state or interval of sexual inactivity or quiescence between periods of activity
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desire
something that is desired
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hunger, hungriness
a physiological need for food; the consequence of food deprivation
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thirst, thirstiness
a physiological need to drink
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sex drive
a physiological need for sexual activity
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hypoxia
oxygen deficiency causing a very strong drive to correct the deficiency
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impotence, impotency
an inability (usually of the male animal) to copulate
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barrenness
the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children
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cacogenesis
inability to produce hybrids that are both viable and fertile
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dysgenesis
infertility between hybrids
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trouble
an unwanted pregnancy
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gravidation, gravidity, gravidness
technical terms for pregnancy
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gravida
the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in
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para, parity
(obstetrics) the number of liveborn children a woman has delivered
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eccyesis, ectopic gestation, ectopic pregnancy, extrauterine gestation, extrauterine pregnancy, metacyesis
pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
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entopic pregnancy
pregnancy resulting from normal gestation in the uterus
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placenta previa
pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part); can cause bleeding late in pregnancy; delivery by cesarean section may be necessary
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asynclitism, obliquity
the presentation during labor of the head of the fetus at an abnormal angle
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atresia
an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent
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haleness, wholeness
a state of robust good health
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energy, vim, vitality
a healthy capacity for vigorous activity
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bloom, blush, flush, rosiness
a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health
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freshness, glow
an alert and refreshed state
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radiance
an attractive combination of good health and happiness
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sturdiness
the state of being vigorous and robust
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health problem, ill health, unhealthiness
a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
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functional disorder
disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
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organic disorder
disorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ
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abocclusion
the condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting
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abruptio placentae
a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
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achlorhydria
an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
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acholia, cholestasis
a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
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achylia, achylia gastrica
absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
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acute brain disorder, acute organic brain syndrome
any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection)
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ailment, complaint, ill
an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining
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eating disorder
a disorder of the normal eating routine
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bladder disorder
a disorder of the urinary bladder
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cardiovascular disease
a disease of the heart or blood vessels
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celiac disease
a disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance
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cheilosis, perleche
a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin
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choking
a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
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colpoxerosis
a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry
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degenerative disorder
condition leading to progressive loss of function
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dysaphia
a disorder in the sense of touch
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dysosmia, olfactory impairment, parosamia
a disorder in the sense of smell
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dysphagia
condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
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dysuria
painful or difficult urination
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failure
loss of ability to function normally
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fantods
an ill-defined state of irritability and distress
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adenosis, gland disease, glandular disease, glandular disorder
a disorder of the glands of the body
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hyperactivity
a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement
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impacted tooth, impaction
a disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally
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impaction
a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
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learning disability, learning disorder
a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
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malocclusion
(dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally
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hypercellularity
the state of having abnormally many cells
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hypocellularity
the state of having abnormally few cells
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anabiosis
suspended animation in organisms during periods of extreme drought from which they revive when moisture returns
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tympanites
distension of the abdomen that is caused by the accumulation of gas in the intestines or the peritoneal cavity
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ectasia, ectasis
dilatation or distension of a hollow organ
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drug addiction, white plague
an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug)
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idiopathic disease, idiopathic disorder, idiopathy
any disease arising from internal dysfunctions of unknown cause
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disturbance, folie, mental disorder, mental disturbance, psychological disorder
(psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
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metabolic disorder
a disorder or defect of metabolism
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nervous disorder, neurological disease, neurological disorder
a disorder of the nervous system
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brachydactylia, brachydactyly
abnormal shortness of fingers and toes
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cryptorchidism, cryptorchidy, cryptorchism
failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
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deviated septum
abnormal displacement of any wall that separates two chambers (usually in the nasal cavity)
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dextrocardia
abnormal condition where the heart is located toward the right side of the chest
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ectrodactyly
congenital abnormality involving the absence of some fingers or toes
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erethism
an abnormally high degree of irritability or sensitivity to stimulation of an organ or body part
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fetal distress, foetal distress
an abnormal condition of a fetus; usually discovered during pregnancy and characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm
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hepatomegaly, megalohepatia
abnormal enlargement of the liver
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inversion
abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
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heterotaxy, transposition
any abnormal position of the organs of the body
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pneumothorax
abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)
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albinism
the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
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macrencephaly
an abnormally large braincase
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hydatid mole, hydatidiform mole, molar pregnancy
an abnormality during pregnancy; chorionic villi around the fetus degenerate and form clusters of fluid-filled sacs; usually associated with the death of the fetus
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hydramnios
an abnormality of pregnancy; accumulation of excess amniotic fluid
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hydrocele
disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
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hypervitaminosis
an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively; can be serious for vitamins A or D or K
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hypospadias
an abnormal condition in males in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis
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lagophthalmos
abnormal condition in which an eye cannot close completely
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mental abnormality
any abnormality of mental function
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nanophthalmos
condition in which both eyes are abnormally small but otherwise normal
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burn, sunburn, suntan, tan
a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun
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sleep disorder
a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
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strangulation
the condition of having respiration stopped by compression of the air passage
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haematocolpometra, hematocolpometra
accumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus
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haematocolpos, hematocolpos
accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen)
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palmature
an abnormality in which the fingers are webbed
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hyperpyrexia
extremely high fever (especially in children)
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dysplasia
abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
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defect of speech, speech defect, speech disorder
a disorder of oral speech
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psilosis, sprue, tropical sprue
a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and non-tropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation
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hydrocephalus, hydrocephaly
an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological
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abrachia
the condition of having no arms
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progeria
a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (grey hair and wrinkled skin and stooped posture) in a child
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atypicality, untypicality
any state that is not typical
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arrested development, fixation, infantile fixation, regression
an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely
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aberrance, aberrancy, aberration, deviance
a state or condition markedly different from the norm
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cyclopia
a developmental abnormality in which there is only one eye
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spinal curvature
an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column
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subnormality
the state of being less than normal (especially with respect to intelligence)
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anomalousness, anomaly
deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule
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gynecomastia
excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)
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infantilism
an abnormal condition in which an older child or adult retains infantile characteristics
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ileus, intestinal obstruction
blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
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tamponade, tamponage
blockage or closure (as of a wound or body cavity) by (or as if by) a tampon (especially to stop bleeding)
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macrocephaly, megacephaly, megalocephaly
an abnormally large head; differs from hydrocephalus because there is no increased intracranial pressure and the overgrowth is symmetrical
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microbrachia
abnormally small arms
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microcephalus, microcephaly, nanocephaly
an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain
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pachycheilia
an abnormal thickness of the lips
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phimosis
an abnormal tightness of the foreskin preventing retraction over the glans
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alkali poisoning
poisoning resulting from the ingestion of an alkali compound (as lye or ammonia)
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caffeine intoxication, caffeinism
poisoning resulting from excessive intake of caffeine containing products
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carbon monoxide poisoning
a toxic condition that results from inhaling and absorbing carbon monoxide gas
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cyanide poisoning
poisoning due to ingesting or inhaling cyanide; common in smoke from fires and in industrial chemicals
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ergotism
poisoning by ingestion of ergot-infected grain products; characterized by thirst and diarrhea and nausea and cramping and vomiting and abnormal cardiac rhythms; in severe cases it can cause seizures and gangrene of the limbs
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mercury poisoning
a toxic condition caused by ingesting or inhaling mercury; acute mercury poisoning causes a metallic taste and vomiting and diarrhea and kidney problems that may lead to death
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naphthalene poisoning
toxic condition resulting from inhaling or ingesting naphthalene
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nicotine poisoning
toxic condition caused by the ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of nicotine
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ophidism
poisoning by snake venom
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paraquat poisoning
poisoning caused by ingestion of paraquat; characterized by progressive damage to the esophagus and liver and kidneys
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pesticide poisoning
toxic condition resulting from ingesting or inhaling a pesticide
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salicylate poisoning
poisoning caused by the excessive ingestion of salicylates (usually aspirin)
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irritation
(pathology) abnormal sensitivity to stimulation
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retroflection, retroflexion, retroversion
a turning or tilting backward of an organ or body part
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condition, shape
the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases `in condition' or `in shape' or `out of condition' or `out of shape')
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sequela
any abnormality following or resulting from a disease or injury or treatment
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squint, strabismus
abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
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torticollis, wryneck
an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted
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varicocele
dilatation of the veins associated with the spermatic cord in the testes
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varix
abnormally enlarged or twisted blood vessel or lymphatic vessel