types:
ablepharia
a congenital absence of eyelids (partial or complete)
albinism
the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
ametria
congenital absence of the uterus
epispadias
a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis
clinodactyly
a congenital defect in which one or more toes or fingers are abnormally positioned
macroglossia
a congenital disorder characterized by an abnormally large tongue; often seen in cases of Down's syndrome
amelia
congenital absence of an arm or leg
meromelia
congenital absence of part of an arm or leg
encephalocele
protrusion of brain tissue through a congenital fissure in the skull
meningocele
a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which a sac protruding from the brain or the spinal meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (but no nerve tissue)
myelomeningocele
a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column; frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental retardation
plagiocephaly
congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
polysomy
congenital defect of having one or more extra chromosomes in somatic cells
hermaphrodism,
hermaphroditism
congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
pseudohermaphroditism
congenital condition in which a person has external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex
scaphocephaly
congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
rachischisis,
schistorrhachis,
spina bifida
a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis
spinocerebellar disorder
any of several congenital disorders marked by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord resulting in spasticity and ataxia
hyperdactyly,
polydactyly
birth defect characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes
syndactylism,
syndactyly
birth defect in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toes
ankyloglossia,
tongue tie
a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue