types:
- show 243 types...
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phenomenon
any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
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chelation
(medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning
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dealignment
a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties
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decrease, decrement
a process of becoming smaller or shorter
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degeneration, devolution
the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
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development, evolution
a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)
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economic process
any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth
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encapsulation
the process of enclosing (as in a capsule)
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execution, instruction execution
(computer science) the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer
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human process
a process in which human beings are involved
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growth, increase, increment
a process of becoming larger or longer or more numerous or more important
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industrial process
a systematic series of mechanical or chemical operations that produce or manufacture something
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irreversible process
any process that is not reversible
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iteration, looping
(computer science) executing the same set of instructions a given number of times or until a specified result is obtained
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iteration, loop
(computer science) a single execution of a set of instructions that are to be repeated
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action, activity, natural action, natural process
a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings)
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functioning, operation, performance
process or manner of functioning or operating
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biological process, organic process
a process occurring in living organisms
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photography
the process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces
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processing
preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure
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reversible process
any process in which a system can be made to pass through the same states in the reverse order when the process is reversed
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sensitisation, sensitization
(psychology) the process of becoming highly sensitive to specific events or situations (especially emotional events or situations)
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defining, shaping
any process serving to define the shape of something
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variation
the process of varying or being varied
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empowerment
the process of gaining confidence, strength, and the capacity for self-determination
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covariation
(statistics) correlated variation
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radiation
the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats
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natural phenomenon
all phenomena that are not artificial
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levitation
the phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means
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metempsychosis, rebirth
after death the soul begins a new cycle of existence in another human body
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consequence, effect, event, issue, outcome, result, upshot
a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon
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chance, fortune, hazard, luck
an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another
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fortune, luck
an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome
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pulsation
a periodically recurring phenomenon that alternately increases and decreases some quantity
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absorption
(physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium
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accession
a process of increasing by addition (as to a collection or group)
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accretion, accumulation
an increase by natural growth or addition
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accretion
(geology) an increase in land resulting from alluvial deposits or waterborne sediment
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accretion
(biology) growth by addition as by the adhesion of parts or particles
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accretion
(astronomy) the formation of a celestial object by the effect of gravity pulling together surrounding objects and gases
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Acheson process
an industrial process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
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acidification
the process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid
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adaptation, adaption, adjustment
the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)
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adiabatic process
(thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat
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aeration
the process of exposing to air (so as to purify)
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agglutination
a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins)
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ageing, aging, senescence
the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age
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anaglyphy
the process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens
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anovulation
the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary
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antiredeposition
the process of preventing redeposition
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antisepsis, asepsis
the process of inhibiting the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
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assibilation
the development of a consonant phoneme into a sibilant
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absorption, assimilation
the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
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attack
the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent)
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autotype, autotypy
process for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment
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autoregulation
(physiology) processes that maintain a generally constant physiological state in a cell or organism
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bacteriostasis
inhibition of the growth of bacteria
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batch processing
the serial execution of computer programs
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Bessemer process
an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities; the first successful method of making steel in quantity at low cost
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bloom, blooming
the organic process of bearing flowers
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blowing
processing that involves blowing a gas
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activity, bodily function, bodily process, body process
an organic process that takes place in the body
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capture
any process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle
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capture
a process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field
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carbon cycle
the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
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catabolism, destructive metabolism, dissimilation, katabolism
breakdown in living organisms of more complex substances into simpler ones together with release of energy
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cell division, cellular division
the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
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centrifugation
the process of separating substances of different densities by the use of a centrifuge
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chemical action, chemical change, chemical process
(chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
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chromatography
a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
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concretion
the formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys)
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condensation
the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state
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convection
(meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere
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crossing over, crossover
the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
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clotting, coagulation, curdling
the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid
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cyanide process
an industrial process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution
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data processing
(computer science) a series of operations on data by a computer in order to retrieve or transform or classify information
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decay, decline
a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current
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decay
the process of gradually becoming inferior
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decline, diminution
change toward something smaller or lower
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deepening
a process of becoming deeper and more profound
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deflation
a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices
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defoliation
the loss of foliage
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demagnetisation, demagnetization
the process of removing magnetization
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demand
the ability and desire to purchase goods and services
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deossification
the loss of the mineral content of bone tissue
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desensitisation, desensitization
the process of reducing sensitivity
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desorption
changing from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state
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developing, development
processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible
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diffusion
(physics) the process in which there is movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration
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digestion
the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body
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digital photography
a photographic method that stores the image digitally for later reproduction
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disinflation
a reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments
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disintegration, dissolution
separation into component parts
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distillation, distillment
the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors
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drift
the gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane)
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dry plate, dry plate process
a former photographic method that used a glass plate coated with a light-sensitive gelatinous emulsion
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eburnation
a change that occurs in degenerative joint disease in which bone is converted into a dense smooth substance resembling ivory
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ecchymosis
the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin
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economic growth
steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income)
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effacement
shortening of the uterine cervix and thinning of its walls as it is dilated during labor
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effervescence
the process of bubbling as gas escapes
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cataphoresis, dielectrolysis, electrophoresis, ionophoresis
the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode
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electrostatic precipitation
a process that removes suspended dust particles from a gas by applying a high voltage electrostatic charge to the particles and collecting them on charged plates
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erythropoiesis
the process of producing red blood cells by the stem cells in the bone marrow
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ecesis, establishment
(ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat
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eutrophication
excessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life; the decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life
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evolution, organic evolution, phylogenesis, phylogeny
(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
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expression
(genetics) the process of expressing a gene
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extinction
the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation
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extraction
the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
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extravasation
the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said of blood or lymph or urine
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feedback
the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output
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filtration
the process whereby fluids pass through a filter or a filtering medium
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flocculation
the process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations
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flow
any uninterrupted stream or discharge
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formation
natural process that causes something to form
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fossilisation, fossilization
the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone
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fractional process, fractionation
a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components
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gastrulation
the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
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geologic process, geological process
(geology) a natural process whereby geological features are modified
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globalisation, globalization
growth to a global or worldwide scale
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glycogenesis
the formation in animals of glycogen from glucose
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development, growing, growth, maturation, ontogenesis, ontogeny
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
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growth
a progression from simpler to more complex forms
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Haber process, Haber-Bosch process
an industrial process for producing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen by combining them under high pressure in the presence of an iron catalyst
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curing, hardening, set, solidification, solidifying
the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization
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haematogenesis, haematopoiesis, haemogenesis, haemopoiesis, hematogenesis, hematopoiesis, hemogenesis, hemopoiesis, sanguification
the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)
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heredity
the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
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humification
the process of the formation of humus from plant remains
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epistasis, hypostasis
the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene
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implantation, nidation
(embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals
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inactivation
the process of rendering inactive
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inflation, rising prices
a general and progressive increase in prices
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inhibition
(physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part
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infolding, introversion, intussusception, invagination
the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface
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involution
reduction in size of an organ or part (as in the return of the uterus to normal size after childbirth)
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ion exchange
a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing
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ionisation, ionization
the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas
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cytokinesis
organic process consisting of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell following karyokinesis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells
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karyokinesis
organic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis
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keratinisation, keratinization
organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)
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Krebs citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle, citric acid cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle
in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy
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leach, leaching
the process of leaching
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linguistic process
a process involved in human language
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lymphopoiesis
the formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and thymus and spleen
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lysogenisation, lysogenization
the process by which a bacterium acquires a phage that becomes integrated into its genome
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magnetic induction, magnetisation, magnetization
the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)
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market forces
the interaction of supply and demand that shapes a market economy
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materialisation, materialization
the process of coming into being; becoming reality
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maturation, maturement, ripening
coming to full development; becoming mature
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metabolic process, metabolism
the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life
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metabolism, metamorphosis
the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals
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multiplication
a multiplicative increase
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concurrent execution, multiprogramming
the execution of two or more computer programs by a single computer
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narrowing
a decrease in width
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nitrogen cycle
the circulation of nitrogen; nitrates from the soil are absorbed by plants which are eaten by animals that die and decay returning the nitrogen back to the soil
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nitrogen fixation
the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by soil bacteria and its release for plant use on the death of the bacteria
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nondevelopment
failure of normal development to occur
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nuclear reaction
(physics) a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei
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nutrition
(physiology) the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance
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obsolescence
the process of becoming obsolete; falling into disuse or becoming out of date
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opacification
the process of becoming cloudy or opaque
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organification
the process of organ formation
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oscillation
the process of oscillating between states
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ossification
the developmental process of bone formation
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ossification
the process of becoming rigidly fixed in a conventional pattern of thought or behavior
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ovulation
the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle)
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oxidative phosphorylation
an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP
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oxygenation
the process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen
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pair creation, pair formation, pair production
the transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus
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birth, birthing, giving birth, parturition
the process of giving birth
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pathologic process, pathological process
an organic process occurring as a consequence of disease
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perennation
the process of living through a number of years (as a perennial plant)
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phase change, phase transition, physical change, state change
a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition
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photomechanics, photoplate making
the process whereby printing surfaces (plates or cylinders) are produced by photographic methods
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population growth
increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
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powder method, powder photography, powder technique
a process for identifying minerals or crystals; a small rod is coated with a powdered form of the substance and subjected to suitably modified X-rays; the pattern of diffracted rings is used for identification
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precession of the equinoxes
a slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation
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preservation
a process that saves organic substances from decay
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proliferation
a rapid increase in number (especially a rapid increase in the number of deadly weapons)
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psychoanalytic process
a process that is assumed to occur in psychoanalytic theory
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pullulation
a rapid and abundant increase
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quellung, quellung reaction
the swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms
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quickening
the process of showing signs of life
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radiography, skiagraphy
the process of making a radiograph; producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by radiation other than visible light
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purification, refinement, refining
the process of removing impurities (as from oil or metals or sugar etc.)
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regeneration
(biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
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regulation
(embryology) the ability of an early embryo to continue normal development after its structure has been somehow damaged or altered
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relaxation
(physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers
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release
a process that liberates or discharges something
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replication
(genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division
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reproduction
the process of generating offspring
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reabsorption, resorption
the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation
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ageing, aging, ripening
acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time
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saltation
(geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface
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scanning
the process of translating photographs into a digital form that can be recognized by a computer
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scattering
the physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions
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secernment, secretion
the organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
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segregation
(genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes
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sericulture
raising silkworms in order to obtain raw silk
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shedding, sloughing
the process whereby something is shed
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sink
(technology) a process that acts to absorb or remove energy or a substance from a system
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slippage
a decrease of transmitted power in a mechanical system caused by slipping
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soak, soakage, soaking
the process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid)
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social process
a process involved in the formation of groups of persons
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softening
the process of becoming softer
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Solvay process
an industrial process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide
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sorption
the process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption)
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source
(technology) a process by which energy or a substance enters a system
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spiral
a continuously accelerating change in the economy
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rigidification, rigidifying, stiffening
the process of becoming stiff or rigid
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stimulation
(physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.)
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ecological succession, succession
(ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established
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summation
(physiology) the process whereby multiple stimuli can produce a response (in a muscle or nerve or other part) that one stimulus alone does not produce
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supply
offering goods and services for sale
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natural selection, selection, survival, survival of the fittest
a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment
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symphysis
a growing together of parts or structures
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synapsis
the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
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synergism, synergy
the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects
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synezesis, synizesis
the contraction of chromatin towards one side of the nucleus during the prophase of meiosis
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temperature change
a process whereby the degree of hotness of a body (or medium) changes
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transcription
(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
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transduction
the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form
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transduction
(genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
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translation
(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
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folding, protein folding
the process whereby a protein molecule assumes its intricate three-dimensional shape
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translocation
(genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts
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translocation
the transport of dissolved material within a plant
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transpiration
the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants
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transpiration
the passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature
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tumefaction
the process of tumefying; the organic process whereby tissue becomes swollen by the accumulation of fluid within it
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ulceration
the process of ulcer formation; the process of becoming ulcerated
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flowering, unfolding
a developmental process
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uptake
a process of taking up or using up or consuming
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vascularisation, vascularization
the organic process whereby body tissue becomes vascular and develops capillaries
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blistering, vesication, vesiculation
the formation of vesicles in or beneath the skin
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video digitizing
the process of capturing and converting and storing video images for use by a computer
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vitrification
the process of becoming vitreous
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vulcanisation, vulcanization
process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them
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wastage
the process of wasting
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broadening, widening
an increase in width
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macular degeneration
eye disease caused by degeneration of the cells of the macula lutea and results in blurred vision; can cause blindness