types:
Eubacteriales,
order Eubacteriales
one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; Gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes
Pseudomonadales,
order Pseudomonadales
one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; Gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments
Charales,
order Charales
small order of macroscopic fresh and brackish water algae with a distinct axis: stoneworts
Cypriniformes,
order Cypriniformes
an order of animals including almost entirely freshwater fishes: characins; loaches; carp; suckers; sometimes classified as a suborder of Ostariophysi
Solenichthyes,
order Solenichthyes
bellows fishes; shrimpfishes; cornetfishes; pipefishes; small order of chiefly tropical marine fishes of varied and bizarre form all having a small mouth at the end of a drawn-out tubular snout
Rheiformes,
order Rheiformes
a ratite bird order: birds intermediate in characteristics between ostriches and emus: recent and extinct rheas
Passeriformes,
order Passeriformes
largest order of birds comprising about half the known species; rooks; finches; sparrows; tits; warblers; robins; wrens; swallows; etc.; the four suborders are Eurylaimi and Tyranni and Menurae and Oscines or Passeres
Clamatores,
suborder Clamatores
used in some classification systems; a suborder or superfamily nearly coextensive with suborder Tyranni; Passeriformes having relatively simple vocal organs and little power of song; clamatorial birds
Raptores,
order Raptores
term used in former classifications; erroneously grouped together birds of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes
Falconiformes,
order Falconiformes
chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures
Stegocephalia,
order Stegocephalia
in former classifications a division of class Amphibia comprising all pre-Jurassic and some later extinct large salamandriform amphibia
Temnospondyli,
order Temnospondyli
formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate
Ornithischia,
order Ornithischia
extinct terrestrial reptiles having bird-like pelvises: armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans); boneheaded and horned dinosaurs (marginocephalians); duck-billed dinosaurs (euronithopods)
Lobata,
order Lobata
ctenophore having tentacles only in the immature stage; body compressed vertically having two large oral lobes and four pointed processes
Nudibranchia,
order Nudibranchia
comprising numerous marine gastropod mollusks lacking a shell in the adult state and usually having a body like a slug
Pulmonata,
order Pulmonata
large order of gastropods usually breathing by means of a lung-like sac comprising most land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails
Brachyura,
suborder Brachyura
an order of crustaceans (including true crabs) having a reduced abdomen folded against the ventral surface
Schizopoda
in former classifications a division of Malacostraca; superseded by the orders Mysidacea and Euphausiacea
Ciconiiformes,
order Ciconiiformes
order of chiefly tropical marsh-dwelling fish-eating wading birds with long legs and bills and (except for flamingos) unwebbed feet: herons; storks; spoonbills; flamingos; ibises
Gruiformes,
order Gruiformes
inland marsh-dwelling birds with long legs and necks and bills that wade in water in search of food: cranes; rails; bustards
Carnivora,
order Carnivora
cats; lions; tigers; panthers; dogs; wolves; jackals; bears; raccoons; skunks; and members of the suborder Pinnipedia
Chiroptera,
order Chiroptera
an old order dating to early Eocene: bats: suborder Megachiroptera (fruit bats); suborder Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats)
Mecoptera,
order Mecoptera
an order of carnivorous insects usually having long membranous wings and long beaklike heads with chewing mouths at the tip
Diptera,
order Diptera
a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths; includes true flies and mosquitoes and gnats and crane flies
Isoptera,
order Isoptera
order of social insects that live in colonies, including: termites; often placed in subclass Exopterygota
Dictyoptera,
order Dictyoptera
in some classifications replaced by the orders (here suborders) Blattodea (cockroaches) and Manteodea (mantids); in former classifications often subsumed under a much broader order Orthoptera
Hemiptera,
order Hemiptera
plant bugs; bedbugs; some true bugs; also includes suborders Heteroptera (true bugs) and Homoptera (e.g., aphids, plant lice and cicadas)
Homoptera,
suborder Homoptera
plant lice (aphids); whiteflies; cicadas; leafhoppers; plant hoppers; scale insects and mealybugs; spittle insects
Neuroptera,
order Neuroptera
an order of insects including: lacewings; antlions; dobsonflies; alderflies; fish flies; mantispids; spongeflies
Rodentia,
order Rodentia
small gnawing animals: porcupines; rats; mice; squirrels; marmots; beavers; gophers; voles; hamsters; guinea pigs; agoutis
Artiodactyla,
order Artiodactyla
an order of hooved mammals of the subclass Eutheria (including pigs and peccaries and hippopotami and members of the suborder Ruminantia) having an even number of functional toes
Edentata,
order Edentata
order of mammals having few or no teeth including: New World anteaters; sloths; armadillos
Scandentia,
order Scandentia
a small order comprising only the tree shrews: in some classifications tree shrews are considered either primates (and included in the suborder Prosimii) or true insectivores (and included in the order Insectivora)
Prosimii,
suborder Prosimii
not used in all classifications; in some classifications considered coextensive with the Lemuroidea; in others includes both Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea
Lemuroidea,
suborder Lemuroidea
Lemuridae; Lorisidae; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; used in some classifications instead of Prosimii; in others considered a subdivision of Prosimii
Isospondyli,
order Isospondyli
most primitive teleost fishes; all are soft-finned: salmon; trout; herring; shad; sardines; anchovies; whitefish; smelts; tarpon
Pediculati,
order Pediculati
anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth
Ganoidei,
order Ganoidei
a group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales
Bryales,
order Bryales
category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space
Gnetales,
order Gnetales
chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms
Cycadales,
order Cycadales
primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms
Cordaitales,
order Cordaitales
extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era
Ginkgoales,
order Ginkgoales
coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales
Ranales,
Ranunculales,
order Ranales,
order Ranunculales
herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae
Campanulales,
order Campanulales
an order of plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae
Umbellales,
order Umbellales
plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)
Ericales,
order Ericales
Ericaceae; Clethraceae; Diapensiaceae; Epacridaceae; Lennoaceae; Pyrolaceae; Monotropaceae
Gentianales,
order Gentianales
an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae
Oleales,
order Oleales
coextensive with the family Oleaceae; in some classifications included in the order Gentianales
Liliales,
order Liliales
an order of monocotyledonous plants including Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae and Iridaceae
Rubiales,
order Rubiales
an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary
Geraniales,
order Geraniales
an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae
Santalales,
order Santalales
order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots
Ebenales,
order Ebenales
trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae
Polemoniales,
order Polemoniales
Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales
Sphaeriales,
order Sphaeriales
large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
Hymenogastrales,
order Hymenogastrales
an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
Chytridiales,
order Chytridiales
simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
Blastocladiales,
order Blastocladiales
fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
Tuberales,
order Tuberales
small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps
Lichenales,
order Lichenales
category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes
Moniliales,
order Moniliales
order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium
Psilotales,
order Psilotales
lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots
Lycopodiales,
order Lycopodiales
lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae
Isoetales,
order Isoetales
aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales