chapter 3, section 2

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

Map projections a map is a flat representation of earth's curved surface. however transferring a curved surface to a flat map results in a distorted image of the curved surface.

distortion tends to be. a map of the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of

Map projections a map is a flat representation of earth's curved surface. however transferring a curved surface to a flat map results in a distorted image of the curved surface.

the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent sphere that has a light inside. if you wrapped a cylinder of paper around this lighted globe and traced the outlines of continenets, oceans, parallels, and meridians

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

globe is a familiar model of earth because a globe is spherical like earth, a globe can accurately represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about

flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent sphere that has a light inside. if you wrapped a cylinder of paper around this lighted globe and traced the outlines of continenets, oceans, parallels

despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel. as you know a great circle is the shortest distance between any two points on the globe. when projected onto an azimuthal projection, a great circle appears as a straight line. therefore, by drawing a straight line between any two points on an azimuthal projection, navigators an readily find a great-circle route. conic projections a projection made by placing a paper cone

Map projections a map is a flat representation of earth's curved surface. however transferring a curved surface to a flat map results in a distorted image of the curved surface.

projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel. as you know a great circle is the shortest distance between any two points on the globe. when projected onto an azimuthal projection, a great circle appears as a straight line. therefore, by drawing a straight line between any two points on an azimuthal projection, navigators an readily find a great-circle route. conic projections a projection made by placing a paper cone over a lilghted globe so that the axis

areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists

locating positions easier. also the shapes of small areas are usually well preserved. when a cylindrical projection is used to map small areas, distortion is minimal. azimuthal projections a projection made by placing a sheet of paper against a transparent lighted globe such that the paper touches the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal

spherical like earth, a globe can accurately represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making

minimal. azimuthal projections a projection made by placing a sheet of paper against a transparent lighted globe such that the paper touches the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the

surface a globe is a familiar model of earth because a globe is spherical like earth, a globe can accurately represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

grid which makes locating positions easier. also the shapes of small areas are usually well preserved. when a cylindrical projection is used to map small areas, distortion is minimal. azimuthal projections a projection made by placing a sheet of paper against a transparent lighted globe such that the paper touches the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles.

earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that

symbols. to read a map, you must understand the symbols on the map and be able to find directions and calculate distances. directions on a map, to correctly interpret a map you must first determine how the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological

shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote sensing, cartographers can collect information about a site without being at that site. in remote sensing, equipment on satellites

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent

equator but distorts distances and sizes near the poles. through distorted, cylindrical projections have some advantages. one advantage is that parallels and meridian form a grid which makes locating positions easier. also the shapes of small areas are usually well preserved. when a cylindrical projection is used to map small areas, distortion is minimal. azimuthal projections a projection made by placing a sheet of paper against a transparent lighted globe such that the paper touches the

on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated

earth because a globe is spherical like earth, a globe can accurately represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make

between any two points on the globe. when projected onto an azimuthal projection, a great circle appears as a straight line. therefore, by drawing a straight line between any two points on an azimuthal projection, navigators an readily find a great-circle route. conic projections a projection made by placing a paper cone over a lilghted globe so that the axis of the cone aligns with the axis of the globe is known as a conic projection. the cone touches the globe alone one parallel of latitude

shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are

Map projections a map is a flat representation of earth's curved surface. however transferring a curved surface to a flat map results in a distorted image of the curved surface.

calculate distances. directions on a map, to correctly interpret a map you must first determine how the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the

cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote sensing, cartographers can collect information about a site without being at that site. in remote sensing, equipment on satellites or airplanes obtain images

and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals. meridian of longitude

have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent sphere that has a light inside. if you wrapped a cylinder

interpret a map you must first determine how the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a

science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site

on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals. meridian of longitude indicate the eastern ad western boundaries of maps. additional meridians may also be shown. all parallels and meridians shown on thidse maps are labeled

direction. the larger the area being shown is, the greater the distortion tends to be. a map of the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map

developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information

continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data

they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote sensing, cartographers can collect information about a site without being at that site. in remote sensing, equipment on satellites or airplanes obtain images of earth's equipment on satellites or airplanes obtain images of earth's surface. maps are often made by combining

accurately represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a

field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote sensing, cartographers can collect information about a site without being at that site. in remote sensing, equipment

cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote

displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then

the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional

features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers.

represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth

the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel.

the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel.

occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel. as you know a great circle is the shortest distance between any two points on the globe. when projected

A series of conic projections may be used to increase accuracy by mapping a number of neighboring areas. each one touches the globe at a slightly different latitude. fitting the adjoining areas together then produces a continuous map.

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional

the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel.

the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that

the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional

A series of conic projections may be used to increase accuracy by mapping a number of neighboring areas. each one touches the globe at a slightly different latitude. fitting the adjoining areas together then produces a continuous map.

locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and

of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent sphere that has a light inside. if you wrapped a cylinder of paper around this lighted globe and traced the outlines

survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote sensing, cartographers can collect information about a site without being at that site. in remote sensing, equipment on satellites or airplanes obtain

drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals

sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent sphere

north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals. meridian of longitude indicate the eastern ad western boundaries of maps. additional meridians may also be shown. all parallels and meridians shown on thidse maps are labeled in degrees, minutes, and seconds.the symbols are explained in the map legend

the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps published by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional

science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated

preserved. when a cylindrical projection is used to map small areas, distortion is minimal. azimuthal projections a projection made by placing a sheet of paper against a transparent lighted globe such that the paper touches the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion

entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of

on a map because surveyors cannot take measurements at every site in an area, they often use their measurements to make estimated measurements for sites between surveyed points by using remote sensing, cartographers can collect information about a site without being at that site. in remote sensing, equipment on satellites or airplanes obtain images of earth's equipment on satellites or airplanes obtain images of earth's surface. maps are often made by combining information from images gathered

the globe at only one point is called an azimuthal projection,. on an azimuthal projection little distortion occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel.

the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when choosing a map. cylindrical projections imagine earth as a transparent sphere that has a light inside. if you wrapped a cylinder of paper around this lighted globe and traced

is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals. meridian of longitude indicate the eastern ad western boundaries of maps. additional meridians may also be shown. all parallels and meridians shown on thidse maps are labeled in degrees, minutes, and seconds.the symbols are explained in the map legend. to be accurate a map must be drawn to scale

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel. as you know a great circle is the shortest distance between any two points on the globe. when projected onto an azimuthal projection, a great circle appears as a straight

provide information through the use of symbols. to read a map, you must understand the symbols on the map and be able to find directions and calculate distances. directions on a map, to correctly interpret a map you must first determine how the compass directions are displayed on the map. maps are commonly drawn with north and at the tip east at the right west at the left and south at the bottom. direction should always be determined in relation to the parallels and meridians on maps

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

occurs at the point of contact, which is commonly one of the poles. however an azimuthal projection shows unequal spacing between parallels that causes a distortion in both direction and distance this distortion increases as distance from the point of contact increases. despite distortion, an azimuthal projection is a great help to navigators in plotting routes used in air travel. as you know a great circle is the shortest distance between any two points on the globe. when projected

the entire earth would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that

familiar model of earth because a globe is spherical like earth, a globe can accurately represent the locations relative areas and relative shapes of earth's surface features. a globe is especially useful in studying large surface features, such as continents and oceans. but most globes are too small to show details of earth's surface, such as streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how

streams and highways. for that reason, a great variety of maps have been developed for studying and displaying detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through

detailed information about earth. how scientists make maps the science of making maps called cartography is a subfield of earth science and geography scientists who make maps are called cartographers. cartographers use data from a variety of sources to create maps. they may collect data by conducting a field survey , shown during a field survey, cartographers walk or drive through an area to be mapped and make measurements of that area. the information that they collect is then plotted

by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals. meridian of longitude indicate the eastern ad western boundaries of maps. additional meridians may also be shown. all parallels and meridians shown on thidse maps are labeled in degrees

equal amount of space between them. on a globe however the meridians come together at the poles. a cylindrical projection I accurate near the equator but distorts distances and sizes near the poles. through distorted, cylindrical projections have some advantages. one advantage is that parallels and meridian form a grid which makes locating positions easier. also the shapes of small areas are usually well preserved. when a cylindrical projection is used to map small areas, distortion is

would show the greatest distortion. a map of a small area, such as a city, would sow only slight distortion. over the years cartographers have developed several ways to transfer the curved surface of earth onto flat maps. a flat map that represents the three-dimensional curved surface of a globe is called a map projection. no projection is an entirely accurate representation of earth's surface. however, each kind of projection has certain advantages and disadvantages that must be considered

A series of conic projections may be used to increase accuracy by mapping a number of neighboring areas. each one touches the globe at a slightly different latitude. fitting the adjoining areas together then produces a continuous map.

by the united states geological survey such as the one shown north is located at the top of the map and is marked by a parallel. the southern boundary at the bottom of a map is also marked by a parallel. at least two additional parallels are usually drawn in or indicated by cross hairs at intervals. meridian of longitude indicate the eastern ad western boundaries of maps. additional meridians may also be shown. all parallels and meridians shown on thidse maps are labeled in degrees, minutes