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Vocab Booster SAT Textbook Vocabulary, Reading Unit 1 Practice, p. 20-2

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  1. abolitionist
    a reformer who favors putting an end to slavery
    When news reached the abolitionists that their mailers had been violently seized and burned, Northerners demanded the Federal Government take action. (p. 20, l. 54-8).
  2. advocate
    a person who pleads for a person, cause, or idea
    The apparent intention had been to peacefully advocate for the abolition of slavery. (p. 20, l. 12-3)
  3. afford
    provide access to
    On the one hand, the documents were United States mail, and as such, should have been afforded the same safe passage as any other mail. (p. 20, l. 28-30)
  4. animosity
    a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
    On the other hand, Huger reportedly feared that these periodicals might inflame Southern animosity, motivating vigilantes to begin intercepting mail shipments. (p. 20, l. 30-4)
  5. appeal
    earnest or urgent request
    Benedict hoped to fuel the movement by appealing directly to Southerners, imploring them to reconsider their positions on the issue of slavery. (p. 20, l. 20-2).
  6. assert
    declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
    Jackson and Amos Kendall enthusiastically asserted the unassailable rights of each state to determine whether correspondence is suitable for distribution within its boundaries. (p. 22, q. 8, answer B)
  7. campaign
    related operations aimed at achieving a particular goal
    The bags, which had originated in New York, were packed to capacity with abolitionist mailings, marking the first ever mass mailing campaign in United States history. (p. 20, l. 8-11)
  8. canvas
    a heavy, closely woven fabric
    This opening salvo took the form of a half dozen bulging canvas bags arriving to the Charleston branch of the United States Post Office. (p. 20, l. 5-8)
  9. censor
    forbid the public distribution of
    ...the Southern effort to censor the US mail ultimately mobilized opposition to slavery. (p. 22, q. 10, answer A)
  10. censorship
    deleting parts of publications or theatrical performances
    Thus, the United States government implemented its first mass surveillance and censorship campaign. (p. 20, l. 76-8)
  11. compromise
    an accommodation in which both sides make concessions
    With that in mind, Jackson instructed Amos Kendall...to issue a statement...while proposing a minor compromise that would have allowed for the delivery of abolitionist mail only to registered subscribers. (p. 20, l. 64-71)
  12. consolation
    the act of giving relief in affliction
    (p. 21, q. 6, answer D)
  13. conundrum
    a difficult problem
    In fairness to Huger, it is possible that this had not been his intended result; however, it cannot be overlooked that this turn provided a most convenient relief to his immediate conundrum. (p. 20, l. 50-4)
  14. defer
    yield to another's wish or opinion
    Jackson deferred to Amos Kendall, who enacted policies that neither side found acceptable. (p. 22, q. 8, answer D).
  15. discretion
    power of making choices unconstrained by external agencies
    With that in mind, Jackson instructed Amos Kendall...to issue a statement that in effect allowed Southern states broad discretion as to whether to deliver mail they deemed objectionable... (p. 20, l. 64-8)
  16. diversion
    a turning aside
    (p. 21, q. 6, answer C)
  17. effigy
    a representation of a person
    ...the only things taken were the sacks of "suspicious" mail, which the men used to ignite a bonfire, much to the delight of nearly two thousand spectators...who cheered as the mail was used to ignite effigies of three prominent Northern abolitionists. (p. 20, l. 44-50)
  18. enact
    order by virtue of superior authority; decree
    Jackson deferred to Amos Kendall, who enacted policies that neither side found acceptable. (p. 22, q. 8, answer D).
  19. era
    a period marked by distinctive character
    In today's era of social media and 24-hour cable news, it is impossible for anyone to imagine that censorship could effectively allow an injustice on the scale of slavery to persist for very long at all. (p. 20, l. 78-81)
  20. federal
    of or relating to the central government of a state
    When news reached the abolitionists that their mailers had been violently seized and burned, Northerners demanded the Federal Government take action. (p. 20, l. 54-8).
    Capitalized here because it specifically refers to the United States Federal Government, but federal governments are found in other countries (like Canada) as well.
  21. ground swell
    an obvious change of public opinion or political sentiment that occurs without leadership or overt expression
    ...summarize events that led to a ground swell of support for the abolitionist cause. (p. 20, q. 1, answer C)
    Can also be spelled as one word, as in the textbook.
  22. harbor
    maintain, as a theory, thought, or feeling
    He [President Andrew Jackson] harbored Southern sympathies and was hostile to abolitionist causes. (p. 20, l. 60-2)
  23. hostile
    characterized by enmity or ill will
    He [President Andrew Jackson] harbored Southern sympathies and was hostile to abolitionist causes. (p. 20, l. 60-2)
  24. hostility
    violent action that is usually unprovoked
    ...the theft and destruction of the mail under Albert Huger's supervision directly brought about the hostilities at Fort Sumpter. (p. 22, q. 10, answer B)
  25. implement
    apply in a manner consistent with its purpose or design
    Thus, the United States government implemented its first mass surveillance and censorship campaign. (p. 20, l. 76-8)
  26. implore
    beg or request earnestly and urgently
    Benedict hoped to fuel the movement by appealing directly to Southerners, imploring them to reconsider their positions on the issue of slavery. (p. 20, l. 20-2).
  27. incredulous
    not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving
    (p. 21, q. 2, answer D)
  28. indifferent
    marked by a lack of interest
    (p. 21, q. 2, answer A)
  29. indignant
    angered at something unjust or wrong
    (p. 21, q. 2, answer C)
  30. intimidation
    the act of scaring a weaker person to make them do something
    In fact, history is full of examples ideas that have actually gained ground as a direct result of the violence and intimidation campaigns waged against them. (p. 20, l. 88-91)
  31. mobilize
    get ready for war
    ...the Southern effort to censor the US mail ultimately mobilized opposition to slavery. (p. 22, q. 10, answer A)
    In this case, mobilize means not getting ready for an actual war, but the abolitionist political campaign.
  32. objectionable
    causing offense or disapproval
    With that in mind, Jackson instructed Amos Kendall...to issue a statement that in effect allowed Southern states broad discretion as to whether to deliver mail they deemed objectionable... (p. 20, l. 64-8)
  33. pamphlet
    a brief treatise published in the form of a booklet
    ...S.W. Benedict...had decided to address these pamphlets to prominent Charlestonians in hopes that they could be persuaded to abandon the crooked crutch of slavery. (p. 20, l. 15-9)
  34. perennial
    lasting an indefinitely long time
    This last concern [a slave uprising] echoed the perennial terror among white Charlestonians. (p. 20, l. 36-7)
  35. periodical
    a publication that appears at fixed intervals
    On the other hand, Huger reportedly feared that these periodicals might inflame Southern animosity, motivating vigilantes to begin intercepting mail shipments. (p. 20, l. 30-4)
  36. persist
    continue to exist
    In today's era of social media and 24-hour cable news, it is impossible for anyone to imagine that censorship could effectively allow an injustice on the scale of slavery to persist for very long at all. (p. 20, l. 78-81)
  37. policy
    a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
    For nearly thirty years, in fact, this censorship policy remained on the books. (p. 20, l. 85-6)
  38. preach
    speak, plead, or argue in favor of
    However, instead of preaching to the converted in the Northern states, S.W. Benedict...had decided to address these pamphlets to prominent Charlestonians...(p. 20, l. 13-18)
  39. prominent
    conspicuous in position or importance
    ...S.W. Benedict...had decided to address these pamphlets to prominent Charlestonians in hopes that they could be persuaded to abandon the crooked crutch of slavery. (p. 20, l. 15-9)
  40. radical
    a person who has revolutionary ideas or opinions
    The break-in may have been staged by radical abolitionists to win public support. (p. 21, q. 4, answer A)
  41. recipient
    a person to whom something is sent, given, or awarded
    Unfortunately, these pamphlets never reached their intended recipients. (p. 20, l. 22-4)
  42. recourse
    act of turning to for assistance
    (p. 21, q. 6, answer A)
  43. register
    record in a public office or in a court of law
    With that in mind, Jackson instructed Amos Kendall...to issue a statement...while proposing a minor compromise that would have allowed for the delivery of abolitionist mail only to registered subscribers. (p. 20, l. 64-71)
  44. relief
    the act of reducing something unpleasant
    In fairness to Huger, it is possible that this had not been his intended result; however, it cannot be overlooked that this turn provided a most convenient relief to his immediate conundrum. (p. 20, l. 50-4)
  45. reluctant
    not eager
    Jackson reluctantly instructed Amos Kendall to enforce laws protecting Northerners' free speech rights. (p. 22, q. 8, answer A)
  46. salvo
    rapid simultaneous discharge of firearms
    This opening salvo took the form of a half dozen bulging canvas bags arriving to the Charleston branch of the United States Post Office. (p. 20, l. 5-8)
    Here used metaphorically.
  47. sentiment
    a personal belief or judgment
    Many among the town's population harbored anti-slavery sentiments. (p. 21, q. 3, answer B)
  48. surveillance
    close observation of a person or group
    Thus, the United States government implemented its first mass surveillance and censorship campaign. (p. 20, l. 76-8)
  49. sympathy
    a relation of affinity or harmony between people
    He [President Andrew Jackson] harbored Southern sympathies and was hostile to abolitionist causes. (p. 20, l. 60-2)
  50. unassailable
    immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with
    Jackson and Amos Kendall enthusiastically asserted the unassailable rights of each state to determine whether correspondence is suitable for distribution within its boundaries. (p. 22, q. 8, answer B)
  51. vigilante
    a person who takes the law into his or her own hands
    On the other hand, Huger reportedly feared that these periodicals might inflame Southern animosity, motivating vigilantes to begin intercepting mail shipments. (p. 20, l. 30-4)
  52. wage
    carry on (wars, battles, or campaigns)
    In fact, history is full of examples ideas that have actually gained ground as a direct result of the violence and intimidation campaigns waged against them. (p. 20, l. 88-91)
  53. subscriber
    someone who pays for and receives a steady publication or service
    With that in mind, Jackson instructed Amos Kendall...to issue a statement...while proposing a minor compromise that would have allowed for the delivery of abolitionist mail only to registered subscribers. (p. 20, l. 64-71)
  54. sanctioned
    formally approved and invested with legal authority
    At that time, however, the government-sanctioned censorship campaign was remarkably effective in delaying the spread of abolitionist ideas to Southern states. (p. 20, l. 82-5)
Created on Wed Feb 26 16:57:17 EST 2020 (updated Thu Apr 02 20:13:48 EDT 2020)

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