Biology cell words

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  1. Golgi complex
    a netlike structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  2. mucopolysaccharide
    complex polysaccharides containing an amino group
    Hurler’s syndrome, which involves a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides, is a lysosomal storage disease.
  3. eukaryotic
    having cells with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  4. plasma membrane
    a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  5. lysosome
    a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  6. macromolecule
    any very large complex molecule
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  7. extracellular
    located or occurring outside a cell or cells
    In endocytosis, extracellular macromolecules are taken up into the cell to form membrane-bound vesicles called endosomes that fuse with lysosomes.
  8. organelle
    a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  9. Golgi
    Italian histologist noted for work on the structure of the nervous system and for his discovery of Golgi bodies (1844-1926)
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  10. cytologist
    a biologist who studies the structure and function of cells
    Lysosomes were discovered by the Belgian cytologist Christian René de Duve in the 1950s.
  11. phagocytosis
    process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection
    The lysosomes then fuse with membrane vesicles that derive from one of three pathways: endocytosis, autophagocytosis, and phagocytosis.
  12. polysaccharide
    any of a class of carbohydrates whose molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules
    Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) that break down macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
  13. acidic
    having a pH of less than 7
    Each lysosome is surrounded by a membrane that maintains an acidic environment within the interior via a proton pump.
  14. macrophage
    a large phagocyte
    Phagocytosis is carried out by specialized cells (e.g., macrophages) that engulf large extracellular particles such as dead cells or foreign invaders (e.g., bacteria) and target them for lysosomal degradation.
  15. nucleotide
    a phosphoric ester of a nucleoside
    Many of the products of lysosomal digestion, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are recycled back to the cell for use in the synthesis of new cellular components.
  16. genetic mutation
    any event that changes genetic structure
    Lysosomal storage diseases are genetic disorders in which a genetic mutation affects the activity of one or more of the acid hydrolases.
  17. genetic disorder
    a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
    Lysosomal storage diseases are genetic disorders in which a genetic mutation affects the activity of one or more of the acid hydrolases.
  18. nucleic acid
    (biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells
    Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) that break down macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
  19. vesicle
    a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure
    The lysosomes then fuse with membrane vesicles that derive from one of three pathways: endocytosis, autophagocytosis, and phagocytosis.
  20. hurler
    (baseball) the person who does the pitching
    Hurler’s syndrome, which involves a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides, is a lysosomal storage disease.
  21. membrane
    a sheet of tissue that lines or connects organs or cells
    Each lysosome is surrounded by a membrane that maintains an acidic environment within the interior via a proton pump.
  22. metabolism
    the organic processes that are necessary for life
    In such diseases, the normal metabolism of specific macromolecules is blocked and the macromolecules accumulate inside the lysosomes, causing severe physiological damage or deformity.
  23. synthesize
    combine and form a complex whole
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  24. microorganism
    any living thing that is too small to be seen with the naked eye
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  25. recycle
    use again after processing
    Many of the products of lysosomal digestion, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are recycled back to the cell for use in the synthesis of new cellular components.
  26. enzyme
    a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst
    Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) that break down macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
  27. amino acid
    organic compounds containing an amino group and acid group
    Many of the products of lysosomal digestion, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are recycled back to the cell for use in the synthesis of new cellular components.
  28. amino
    pertaining to or containing any of a group of organic compounds of nitrogen derived from ammonia
    Many of the products of lysosomal digestion, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are recycled back to the cell for use in the synthesis of new cellular components.
  29. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  30. fuse
    any igniter used to initiate the burning of a propellant
    The lysosomes then fuse with membrane vesicles that derive from one of three pathways: endocytosis, autophagocytosis, and phagocytosis.
  31. leakage
    the discharge of a fluid from some container
    These enzymes are active only in the lysosome’s acidic interior; their acid-dependent activity protects the cell from self-degradation in case of lysosomal leakage or rupture, since the pH of the cell is neutral to slightly alkaline.
  32. acid
    a sour water-soluble compound with a pH of less than 7
    Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) that break down macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
  33. plasma
    the watery fluid in which blood cells are suspended
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  34. alkaline
    relating to or containing an alkali
    These enzymes are active only in the lysosome’s acidic interior; their acid-dependent activity protects the cell from self-degradation in case of lysosomal leakage or rupture, since the pH of the cell is neutral to slightly alkaline.
  35. protein
    an organic compound essential to living cells
    Lysosomes contain a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes (acid hydrolases) that break down macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides.
  36. mutation
    a change or alteration in form or qualities
    Lysosomal storage diseases are genetic disorders in which a genetic mutation affects the activity of one or more of the acid hydrolases.
  37. digestion
    the process by which the body breaks down food
    lysosome, subcellular organelle that is found in all eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the cell’s digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms.
  38. degradation
    a change to a lower state
    These enzymes are active only in the lysosome’s acidic interior; their acid-dependent activity protects the cell from self-degradation in case of lysosomal leakage or rupture, since the pH of the cell is neutral to slightly alkaline.
  39. syndrome
    a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
    Hurler’s syndrome, which involves a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides, is a lysosomal storage disease.
  40. synthesis
    the combination of ideas into a complex whole
    Many of the products of lysosomal digestion, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are recycled back to the cell for use in the synthesis of new cellular components.
  41. cellular
    relating to cells
    Many of the products of lysosomal digestion, such as amino acids and nucleotides, are recycled back to the cell for use in the synthesis of new cellular components.
  42. engulf
    flow over or cover completely
    Phagocytosis is carried out by specialized cells (e.g., macrophages) that engulf large extracellular particles such as dead cells or foreign invaders (e.g., bacteria) and target them for lysosomal degradation.
  43. originate
    come into existence; take on form or shape
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  44. accumulate
    get or gather together
    In such diseases, the normal metabolism of specific macromolecules is blocked and the macromolecules accumulate inside the lysosomes, causing severe physiological damage or deformity.
  45. budding
    beginning to develop
    Lysosomes originate by budding off from the membrane of the trans-Golgi network, a region of the Golgi complex responsible for sorting newly synthesized proteins, which may be designated for use in lysosomes, endosomes, or the plasma membrane.
  46. deformity
    an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen
    In such diseases, the normal metabolism of specific macromolecules is blocked and the macromolecules accumulate inside the lysosomes, causing severe physiological damage or deformity.
  47. physiological
    relating to the study of the functioning of organisms
    In such diseases, the normal metabolism of specific macromolecules is blocked and the macromolecules accumulate inside the lysosomes, causing severe physiological damage or deformity.
  48. specialized
    developed or designed for a particular activity or function
    Phagocytosis is carried out by specialized cells (e.g., macrophages) that engulf large extracellular particles such as dead cells or foreign invaders (e.g., bacteria) and target them for lysosomal degradation.
  49. bacteria
    single-celled organisms that can cause disease
    Phagocytosis is carried out by specialized cells (e.g., macrophages) that engulf large extracellular particles such as dead cells or foreign invaders (e.g., bacteria) and target them for lysosomal degradation.
  50. rupture
    the act of making a sudden noisy break
    These enzymes are active only in the lysosome’s acidic interior; their acid-dependent activity protects the cell from self-degradation in case of lysosomal leakage or rupture, since the pH of the cell is neutral to slightly alkaline.
  51. Belgian
    of or relating to or characteristic of Belgium or the Belgian people
    Lysosomes were discovered by the Belgian cytologist Christian René de Duve in the 1950s.
  52. particle
    (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
    Phagocytosis is carried out by specialized cells (e.g., macrophages) that engulf large extracellular particles such as dead cells or foreign invaders (e.g., bacteria) and target them for lysosomal degradation.
Created on Wed Mar 02 01:06:39 EST 2011

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