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Mountain of Fire: Chapters 15–27

The historic account of Mount St. Helens’ violent volcanic eruption in 1980 is filled with real-life stories of survivors, heroes, and a devastation of nature almost beyond belief. It all started at 8:32 a.m., Sunday, May 18, 1980.

Here are links to our lists for the book: Prologue–Chapter 14, Chapters 15–27, Chapters 28–37, Chapter 38–Epilogue
15 words 67 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. array
    an orderly grouping
    The crater had grown to 1,300 feet in diameter. Two giant arrays of cracks spread across the entire summit area.
  2. distort
    twist and press out of shape
    The bulge on the north side of the mountain was—and had been for over a month—expanding at six and a half feet every day. By May 18, the top reached 140 meters (almost 450 feet) above the ground. The surface of the bulge continued to crack and break, distorting from pressure underneath.
  3. cease
    have an end, in a temporal, spatial, or quantitative sense
    More than 10,000 earthquakes had shaken the mountain since mid-March. Though harmonic tremors had ceased again after May 8, twenty to forty earthquakes still shook the ground every day. Two large earthquakes were recorded on May 8 and 12.
  4. stalwart
    having rugged physical strength
    They drew closer. Dorothy clicked away, capturing images of the stalwart Shoestring Glacier sitting astride the mountain’s rocky top.
    Then the ice of the glacier fell into the crater.
  5. undulate
    move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion
    “Huge east-west waves undulated like agitated jello,” said Keith. It was “eerie…The entire mass began to ripple and churn up, without moving laterally.”
  6. debris
    the remains of something that has been destroyed
    The bulge was gone, hurtling down the mountainside, gathering speed and power and debris as it went.
  7. billow
    rise and move, as in waves
    “A thousand feet below the airplane the mile-wide face of the mountain was flowing, picking up speed. Below us, a huge explosion, but I felt and heard nothing. Its gray and frothy cloud billowed beneath us and plunged north [down the mountain]. Within seconds it blocked my view of Spirit Lake.”
  8. lateral
    situated at or extending to the side
    The landslide had come crashing away from the mountain, the lateral blast had exploded out the side, and a dark column was spewing tens of thousands of feet into the air.
  9. tarmac
    a paved road or surface, especially at an airport
    “We got to the terminal, and then we realized we’d left my purse and our cameras on the plane. We looked out on the tarmac, and there was our little plane with the doors wide open,” said Dorothy.
  10. engulf
    flow over or cover completely
    He watched as the frothing cloud engulfed Coldwater II.
  11. loom
    appear very large or occupy a commanding position
    From the road, all they could see were tall fir trees; the forest blocked Mount St. Helens from view.
    Then they came around a bend. They should’ve had a clear view. The mountain should have been looming above.
    It wasn’t there.
  12. comprehend
    get the meaning of something
    But just like the Stoffels had noticed from the air, Bea was amazed that “the show was silent. No noise with something so big; the brain can’t comprehend what’s happening.”
  13. makeshift
    done or made using whatever is available
    Under the combined sleeping bags, there was a space for the three of them to huddle, crouched together beneath their makeshift roof.
  14. horrendous
    causing fear or dread or terror
    “Arms of [the cloud] spurted out in front a hundred to a few hundred feet, boiling and branching, the black wall quickly caught up, then other arms shot out…the roar of the wind horrendous. With my back to the wind, my hair braids blew straight out in front. I glanced back. The cloud had grown big so fast and was racing straight toward us.”
  15. nauseous
    feeling about to vomit
    Though the heat had been intense and the ash was still painfully warm to the touch, Sue began to feel cold and nauseous.
Created on Mon Aug 11 22:01:03 EDT 2025 (updated Thu Sep 18 13:18:30 EDT 2025)

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