IHT/22 Dec

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Words from International Herald Tribune/22 Dec
57 words 2 learners

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  1. revolt
    rise up against an authority
    Republican revolt upends fiscal talks
    SYN:uprising
    • the Peasants' Revolt of 1381
    • to lead/stage a revolt
    • The army quickly crushed the revolt
    شورش‌، طغيان‌،
  2. avert
    prevent the occurrence of; prevent from happening
    Just 10 days before a year-end deadline,negotiations to avert a fiscal crisis in the
    SYN:avoid,ward off,stave off
    جلوگيرى كردن‌ (از وقوع‌ چيزى)، پيشگيرى كردن‌
    *they averted war by skillful negotiation
    آنان‌ با مذاكرات‌ ماهرانه‌ از وقوع‌ جنگ‌ جلوگيرى كردند.‏
    *Disaster was narrowly averted when two airliners almost collided above Detroit.
    *He managed to avert the closure of the factory
    *averting his eyes from the dead child
  3. disarray
    untidiness, especially of clothing and appearance
    United States were in disarray Friday after the collapse of an effort by President.
    SYN: disorderliness
    a state of confusion and lack of organization in a situation or a place
    نابسامانى‌، آشفتگى‌،
    *We're decorating, so everything's in complete disarray at home.
  4. incredulous
    not disposed or willing to believe; unbelieving
    Officials at the White House were incredulous and bewildered, as was much of the rest of Washington and Wall
    SYN: skeptical
    from in- ‘not’ + credulus ‘believing, trusting’)
    not willing or not able to believe sth; showing an inability to believe sth
    SYN. disbelief
    شك‌دار، شك‌ مند، ناباور، شك‌ انديش‌---،دير باور

    an incredulous look
    نگاهى‌ حاكى‌ از ناباورى

    an incredulous smile
    لبخندي‌كه‌نشانه‌باور نكردن‌باشد
  5. bewildered
    extremely confused and uncertain what to do
    Officials at the White House were incredulous and bewildered, as was much of the rest of Washington and Wall
    SYN: baffled, bemused, mixed up,confounded, preplexed, at sea!
    Filled with bewilderment.
    حيران‌ كردن‌، سردرگم‌ كردن‌، گيج‌ كردن‌، بهت‌ زده‌ كردن‌، متحير كردن‌، شگفت‌ زده‌ كردن‌، سرگشته‌ كردن‌

    the fast movements of our forces bewildered the enemy
    حركات‌ تند نيروهاى ما دشمن‌ را حيران‌ كرد.‏

    the bewildering expansion of science in the last fifty years
    توسعه‌ى گيج‌ كننده‌ى علم‌ در پنجاه‌ سال‌ اخير
  6. mutiny
    open rebellion against constituted authority
    The mutiny demonstrated the difficultiesMr.
    SYN: revolt,uprising
    the act of refusing to obey the orders of sb in authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
    mutiny is both a noun and a verb: سرپیچی/سرپیچی کردن
    شورش‌ كردن‌، تمرد كردن‌، طغيان‌ كردن‌،سرپيچى‌ کردن از اجراى فرمان‌ مافوق‌
    • Discontent among the ship's crew finally led to the outbreak of mutiny.
    • the famous movie ‘Mutiny on the Bounty’
    • We have a family mutiny on our hands!
  7. tentative
    hesitant or lacking confidence; unsettled in mind or opinion
    Economists have warned that the combination of steep cuts and tax increases could stall the still tentative recovery of the American economy.
    1-(of an arrangement, agreement, etc.) not definite or certain because you may want to change it later
    • We made a tentative arrangement to meet on Friday.
    • tentative conclusions
    -موقتى‌، موقت‌، غير قطعى‌
    -آزمايشى‌، تجربى‌، امتحانى‌

    2-SYN:hesitant : not behaving or done with confidence
    Her English is correct but tentative.
  8. slump
    fall or sink heavily
    Markets slumped early Friday at the discouraging signs of confusion emanating from Washington.
    افتادن‌،نزول‌ كردن‌، افت‌ كردن‌
    slump/fall/drop/decline/plunge/plummet/tumble/sink by 100, 25%, a half, etc.
  9. depart
    go away or leave
    With the House headed home for the holidays and the Senate soon to depart.
  10. rebuke
    an act or expression of criticism and censure
    He did not blame House Republicans for bringing down his legislation, nor did he say their rebuke was a personal slap at his leadership.
    SYN:reprimand
    is both a noun and verb
    to speak severely to sb because they have done sth wrong
    • The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures.
    • She rebuked herself for her stupidity.
    ▸ re•buke noun [countable, uncountable]
    • He was silenced by her stinging rebuke.
    • She answered with no hint of rebuke.
  11. perception
    the process of becoming aware through the senses
    ‘‘There was a perception created that that vote last night was going to increase taxes.
    برداشت‌، استنباط‌، تلقى‌، تعبير
  12. perceived
    detected by instinct or inference
    But, he added, ‘‘We had a number of members who just really didn’t want to be perceived as having raised taxes.
  13. impasse
    a situation in which no progress can be made
    Boehner were at an impasse trying to get Congress to approve the essential increase in the nation’s borrowing limit, it wasMr.McConnell who first suggested the legislative way out of the mess.
    syn: dead end-deadlock
    بمبست
  14. assail
    attack someone physically or emotionally
    But both Republicans and Democrats are being assailed by party allies — groups on the right against any tax increases and on the left against cuts in entitlement-program spending.
    syn:assault
    to attack sb/sth violently, either physically or with words:
    • The proposal was assailed by the opposition party.
    -حمله‌ كردن‌، برتاختن‌، مورد ضرب‌ و شتم‌ قرار دادن‌،
    - مورد حمله‌ قرار دادن‌، هتاكى‌ كردن‌
  15. entitlement
    right granted by law or contract
    For now, people in both parties say it is hard to imagine that the two sides can go beyond some fallback measure extending the Bush tax cuts for 98 percent of Americans and some other pending measures, to also achieve the hoped-for framework to limit entitlement spending and raise revenues enough to stabilize the mounting federal debt as the population ages and medical costs rise.
  16. presumably
    by reasonable assumption
    Republican Party’s one lever of power — with a decision about whether to allow a vote on a measure that presumably could not pass with Republican votes but would have to be carried over the line with Democrats’ votes.
    used to say that you think that sth is probably true
    احتمالا
    • Presumably this is where the accident happened.
    • You'll be taking the car, presumably?
    • I couldn't concentrate, presumably because I was so tired.
  17. prospect
    the possibility of future success
    That prospect in turn gives rise to the question of whether Mr. Boehner can survive the House vote for speaker on
    1-the possibility that sth will happen.
    *There is no immediate prospect of peace.
    2-the chances of being successful- شانس ترقی و موفقیت
    • At 25 he was an unemployed musician with no prospects.
    • ~ for sth Long-term prospects for the economy have improved.
    • ~ of sth What are the prospects of promotion in this job?
  18. dispersed
    distributed or spread over a considerable extent
    Boehner’s direction, closed down until after Christmas and members dispersed.
  19. repercussion
    a remote or indirect consequence of some action
    But from the White House’s view, the repercussions for the economy of a dysfunctional power structure in Washington — and for Mr. Obama’s larger agenda of gun control, immigration and more—are too dire for any gloating.
    SYN:consequence
    -an indirect and usually bad result of an action or event that may happen some time afterwards
    • The collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry
    -واكنش‌ ، اثرات‌)، پيامد، عواقب‌، نتايج‌
    -پژواك‌، انعكاس‌، بازتاب‌
  20. dire
    fraught with extreme danger; nearly hopeless
    But from the White House’s view, the repercussions for the economy of a dysfunctional power structure in Washington — and for Mr. Obama’s larger agenda of gun control, immigration and more—are too dire for any gloating.
    (formal) very serious
    • living in dire poverty
    • dire warnings/threats
    • Such action may have dire consequences.
    • We're in dire need of your help.
    -مبرم‌، شديد، حاد
    the dire need for new schools
    نياز مبرم‌ به‌ مدارس‌ جديد
  21. gloat
    dwell on with satisfaction
    But from the White House’s view, the repercussions for the economy of a dysfunctional power structure in Washington — and for Mr. Obama’s larger agenda of gun control, immigration and more—are too dire for any gloating.
    to show that you are happy about your own success or sb else's failure, in an unpleasant way
    If you gloat, you express great satisfaction at the misfortune of others. If your team scores a big win, it would be better not to gloat. Be happy for your win, but don't laugh at their loss.
    ­نگاه‌ پيروزمندانه از روى كينه‌ يا طمع‌
  22. sway
    move back and forth
    The outcome also casts doubt on Mr. Obama’s hopes for help from the business community in swaying Republicans.
    -به‌ يك‌ سو خم‌ شدن‌ يا كردن‌، خميدن‌، كژشدن‌ يا كردن‌
    -تحت‌ تاثير قرار گرفتن‌ يا قرار دادن‌،
    -نوسان‌ كردن‌، پس‌ و پيش‌ رفتن‌، جلو و عقب‌ رفتن‌، چپ‌ راست‌ رفتن‌، راست‌ و چپ‌ رفتن‌، لمبر خوردن‌،
    >sway bar in automobile suspension and steering system.
  23. crass
    so unrefined as to be offensive or insensitive
    The crass term for it is begging, but the French prefer a loftier description:‘‘participatory financing.’’
    very stupid and showing no sympathy or understanding
    احمق‌، بى‌شعور، نابخرد، نفهم‌، بدسليقه‌، زمخت‌، غيرحساس‌،
  24. lofty
    of imposing height; especially standing out above others
    The crass term for it is begging, but the French prefer a loftier description:‘‘participatory financing.’’
    -بسيار بلند، رفيع‌، سربه‌ فلك‌ كشيده‌
    -ارجمند، پر ارج‌، منيع‌، برين‌، والا،
    -غرور آميز، پر غرور
    lofty thoughts
    انديشه‌هاى والا
  25. participatory
    affording the opportunity for individual involvement
    The crass term for it is begging, but the French prefer a loftier description:‘‘participatory financing.’’
  26. connoisseur
    an expert able to appreciate a field
    For as little as a single euro even the most ordinary art connoisseur can join the online fund-raising fraternité that is working to restore the dome of the Panthéon.
    نخبه-وارد
    • a connoisseur of Italian painting
    • a wine connoisseur
  27. pantheon
    a temple to all the gods of antiquity
    from pan ‘all’ + theion ‘holy’ (from theos ‘god’) For as little as a single euro even the most ordinary art connoisseur can join the online fund-raising fraternité that is working to restore the dome of the Panthéon.
  28. landmark
    a prominent or well-known object in a particular place
    The company, founded in 2007 in France to finance musical projects, started backing cultural landmarks after approaching the Culture Ministry with the idea.
  29. emblematic
    serving as a visible symbol for something abstract
    Contribute a few hundred more euros and get an invitation fromthe Center for NationalMonuments, the French landmarks agency, to a party there, at the emblematic temple of the republic.
    SYN: representativem,typical
    ­نمادين‌،
    نشانه‌، مشعر، حاكى‌، نمايانگر
    the crown is emblematic of monarchy
    تاج‌ نشانه‌ى سلطنت‌ است‌.‏

    a free discussion which is emblematic of democracy...
    بحث‌ آزاد كه‌ نمايشگر آزادى است‌ .‏.‏.‏
  30. sacrosanct
    treated as if holy and kept free from violation or criticism
    The austerity measures that have hurt the arts across the continent have been particularly unsettling in France, where cultural spending is so sacrosanct that it has long been one investment on which governments of both left and right could agree.
    SYN: sacred
    -­بسيار مقدس‌، قدوسى‌
    -regarded as too important or valuable to be interfered with.
    • I'll work till late in the evening, but my weekends are sacrosanct.
  31. pillar
    a vertical cylindrical structure supporting a structure
    Donate to the Panthéon cause, for example, and they’ll post your picture on a temporary pillar outside.
  32. intimidating
    discouraging through fear
    During the first campaign for the Panthéon, where the remains of towering French figures like Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas are interred in the Latin Quarter, officials deliberately set a modest initial fund-raising goal of ¤5,000 to avoid intimidating donors.
    -با تهدید مرعوب‌ كردن‌، /وادار کردن
    - بيم‌انگيزى، هراس‌ انگيزى،
    frightening in a way which makes a person feel less confident
    • an intimidating manner
    • intimidating for/to sb: This kind of questioning can be very intimidating to children.
  33. surpass
    be or do something to a greater degree
    It was quickly surpassed and, in four weeks’ time, the campaign has reaped more than ¤26,000.
    پيشى‌ گرفتن‌، جلو زدن‌،
    to do or be better than sb/sth
    • He hopes one day to surpass the world record.
    • Its success has surpassed all expectations.
  34. lure
    provoke someone to do something through persuasion
    The more than 450 contributors were lured, in part, by appeals to national solidarity.
    SYN: entice
    -جلب‌ كردن‌، بسوى خود كشيدن‌، وسوسه‌ كردن‌، اغوا كردن‌
    --گيرايى‌، جذبه‌، كشش‌
  35. luminary
    a celebrity who is an inspiration to others
    ‘‘It’s a monument that is the most prominent symbol in our nation with a lot of luminaries buried there whore present the history of France.’’
    چهره‌ى درخشان‌- شخصيت‌ برجسته‌
    a gathering of luminaries in the field of physics
    گردهمايى‌ (همايش‌) چهره‌هاى درخشان‌ در رشته‌ى فيزيك‌
  36. intrigue
    a crafty and involved plot to achieve your ends
    He said he was also intrigued by the party invitation.
  37. prosperous
    in fortunate circumstances financially
    Even today, the French government spends more than twice as much on culture as its larger and more prosperous neighbor, Germany.
  38. scramble
    move hurriedly
    The cuts have set off a scramble among institutions for new revenues.
  39. synagogue
    the place of worship for a Jewish congregation
    And a result is that 16th century nudes, landmarks and a blindfolded ivory statuette representing ‘‘La Synagogue’’ are transforming into muses of charity, exhorting, ‘‘Become a patron in two clicks!’’ onWeb sites.
  40. muse
    reflect deeply on a subject
    And a result is that 16th century nudes, landmarks and a blindfolded ivory statuette representing ‘‘La Synagogue’’ are transforming into muses of charity, exhorting, ‘‘Become a patron in two clicks!’’ onWeb sites.
  41. exhort
    spur on or encourage especially by cheers and shouts
    And a result is that 16th century nudes, landmarks and a blindfolded ivory statuette representing ‘‘La Synagogue’’ are transforming into muses of charity, exhorting, ‘‘Become a patron in two clicks!’’ onWeb sites.
  42. patron
    someone who supports or champions something
    And a result is that 16th century nudes, landmarks and a blindfolded ivory statuette representing ‘‘La Synagogue’’ are transforming into muses of charity, exhorting, ‘‘Become a patron in two clicks!’’ onWeb sites.
  43. restoration
    returning something or someone to a satisfactory state
    ‘‘We’re all confronted with the same reality and exploring the same track,’’ said Philippe Bélaval, president of the landmarks agency, which is working with a crowdfunding French start-up, MyMajor Company, in a pilot project to raise money for four state landmarks, including restoration projects at the Panthéon andMont St.-Michel.
  44. conscience
    motivation deriving from ethical or moral principles
    Our monuments are deeply part of our country and the collective conscience of people.’’
  45. ponder
    reflect deeply on a subject
    The landmark agency is so pleased with the initial results,Mr. Bélaval said, that it is now pondering expanding into Japan, whose tourists make up 30 perthe Panthéon, which was hampered by chronic money shortages.
    ژرف‌ انديشى‌ كردن‌، به‌ فكر فرورفتن‌،
    he pondered over God's greatness for hours
    ساعت‌ها درباره‌ى عظمت‌ خدا ژرف‌ انديشى‌ كرد.‏
    we pondered the events of history
    رويدادهاى تاريخ‌ را مورد تفكر قرار داديم‌
  46. hamper
    prevent the progress or free movement of
    The landmark agency is so pleased with the initial results,Mr. Bélaval said, that it is now pondering expanding into Japan, whose tourists make up 30 perthe Panthéon, which was hampered by chronic money shortages.
  47. civic
    of or relating or belonging to a city
    Other countries, like Britain, the Netherlands and Germany, are also experimenting with this kind of online civic financing.
  48. pitch
    the high or low quality of a sound
    The Göttingen InternationalHandel Festival in Germany tried using a video pitch earlier this year to raise ¤15,000 to finance the cost of what they advertised would be a free concert held in an old train shed.
  49. entice
    provoke someone to do something through persuasion
    Donors were enticed with various gifts, including — for a contribution of ¤25 — a voucher good for a bratwurst and soft drink.
    1-وسوسه‌ كردن‌، اغواكردن‌، تطميع‌ كردن‌، فريب‌ دادن‌، گمراه‌ كردن‌
    the police enticed him into the house and then arrested him
    پليس‌ او را اغوا كرد و به‌ داخل‌ خانه‌ كشيد و سپس‌ بازداشتش‌ كرد.‏

    2-جلب‌ كردن‌، (به‌ سويى‌) كشاندن‌
    in order to entice more customers
    به‌ منظور جلب‌ مشتريان‌ بيشتر
  50. solicitation
    an entreaty addressed to someone of superior status
    Many European arts organizations have also increased their solicitations to private donors.
    1-to ask sb for sth, such as support, money or information; to try to get sth or persuade sb to do sth
    *They were planning to solicit funds from a number of organizations.
    *the solicitation of money for election funds
  51. adept
    having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude
    In the last three years, the Louvre has proved the most adept at tapping the support of thousands of donors online under the leadership of Henri Loyrette, who this month announced he is leaving his post as president in April.
    good at doing sth that is quite difficult
    SYN: skilful
    *He was extremely adept at avoiding getting caught.
    ماهر، زبردست‌، كاردان‌، چيره‌دست‌
  52. tarnish
    make or become dirty or dull, as by exposure to air
    Some less celebrated landmarks — like the tarnished statue of Hippomenes at St. Cloud Park outside Paris — have not fared as well, raising only 19 percent of the ¤10,000 euro goal to help pay for restoration.
    -لكه‌دار كردن‌ يا شدن‌، مكدر شدن‌ يا كردن‌، خدشه‌دار كردن‌
    *their severely tarnished reputation
    -(سطح‌ فلز -‏ در اثر مجاورت‌ با هوا و غيره‌) كدر كردن‌ يا شدن‌، از جلا افتادن‌، سياه‌ شدن‌
  53. precedent
    an example that is used to justify similar occurrences
    There is a precedent: it took more than 30 years during the 1700s to complete.
    1-a similar action or event that happened earlier
    • historical precedents
    مقدم‌
    2-the way that things have always been done. SYN:tradition
    سابقه‌، روال‌، رسم‌، سنت‌
    • to break with precedent (= to do sth in a different way)
    **** unprecedented:(بی سابقه) that has never happened, been done or been known before
    ****
  54. imposing
    befitting an important, distinguished, or powerful person
    ­مجلل‌، باشكوه‌، باابهت‌، خيره‌ كننده‌
    an imposing building
    بناى باشكوه‌
  55. credulous
    disposed to believe on little evidence
    from Latin credulus (from ‘believe’) + -ous.
    too ready to believe things and therefore easy to trick. SYN:gullibility
  56. lowbrow
    characteristic of a person who is not cultivated
    High culture goes lowbrow,Lowbrow fund-raising for French culture
    -كسى‌ كه‌ از نظر سليقه‌ و فكر در سطح‌ پايين‌ است‌، آدم‌ پست‌ انديش‌، بى‌ معرفت‌، عامى‌
    -بى فرهنگ ،بى ادب ،بيسواد،داراى سليقه پست
    *a lowbrow book
    كتاب‌ عامى‌ پسند
  57. cultivated
    marked by refinement in taste and manners
    آموخته‌، آموزش‌ ديده‌، تحصيل‌كرده‌، با كمال‌، با فرهنگ‌، با فضيلت‌، با معرفت‌
    a cultivated person
    آدم‌ با فرهنگ‌
Created on Tue Dec 25 10:43:24 EST 2012 (updated Wed Dec 26 10:23:28 EST 2012)

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