Muslim Empires and the Middle East - High School

a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia

an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040)

Muslim name for the one and only God

a terrorist network intensely opposed to the United States that dispenses money and logistical support and training to a wide variety of radical Islamic terrorist groups; has cells in more than 50 countries

a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey

a region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization

Egyptian statesman who (as president of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin (then prime minister of Israel) (1918-1981)

a member of a Semitic people from the Middle East

a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf

a celestial globe consisting of metal hoops

a high-ranking Shiite religious leader who is regarded as an authority on religious law and its interpretation and who has political power as well

Iranian religious leader of the Shiites

capital and largest city of Iraq

a member of a nomadic tribe of Arabs

a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior

the largest city and former capital of Turkey

a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia; 1853-1856

an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria; according to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul (then known as Saul) underwent a dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus

Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973)

city in central Iran; former capital of Persia

a Palestinian political and military organization founded by Yasser Arafat in 1958 to work toward the creation of a Palestinian state; during the 1960s and 1970s trained terrorist and insurgent groups

youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632)

Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal

a coastal region at the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean bordering Israel and Egypt

a fortified hilly area between southern Lebanon and southern Syria

Israeli statesman (born in Russia) (1898-1978)

(Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran

a 6th century masterpiece of Byzantine architecture in Istanbul; built as a Christian church, converted to a mosque in 1453, and made into a museum in the middle of the 20th century

a militant Islamic fundamentalist political movement that opposes peace with Israel and uses terrorism as a weapon; seeks to create an Islamic state in place of Israel; is opposed to the PLO and has become a leading perpetrator of terrorist activity in Israel; pioneered suicide bombing

the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 which marked the beginning of the Muslim era; the Muslim calendar begins in that year

a Shiite terrorist organization with strong ties to Iran

Egyptian statesman who became president in 1981 after Sadat was assassinated (born in 1929)

Arabian philosopher born in Spain

the monotheistic religious system of Muslims

Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine

the largest city and former capital of Turkey

a Turkish soldier

capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel

the monotheistic religion of the Jews having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Torah and in the Talmud

a member of a people who live in Kurdistan, a region in southwest Asia; the largest ethnic group without their own state

an extensive geographical region in the Middle East to the south of the Caucasus

joint capital of Saudi Arabia

a city in western Saudi Arabia

Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

a believer in or follower of Islam

an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum

the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light

the conqueror of Turkey who founded the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman dynasty that ruled Turkey after the 13th century; conquered most of Asia Minor and assumed the title of emir in 1299 (1259-1326)

of or relating to the Ottoman Empire or its people or its culture

an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism

a political movement uniting Palestinian Arabs in an effort to create an independent state of Palestine; when formed in 1964 it was a terrorist organization dominated by Yasser Arafat's al-Fatah; in 1968 Arafat became chairman; received recognition by the United Nations and by Arab states in 1974 as a government in exile; has played a largely political role since the creation of the Palestine National Authority

combines the Gaza Strip and the West Bank under a political unit with limited autonomy and a police force; created in 1993 by an agreement between Israel and the PLO

a civil or military authority in Turkey or Egypt

a theocratic Islamic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient empire that was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil

a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

a month-long Islamic fast from sunrise to sundown

a deep bow; a Muslim form of salutation

the second pillar of Islam is prayer

title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran

Shah of Iran who was deposed in 1979 by Islamic fundamentalists (1919-1980)

one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam

a member of one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam

a peninsula in northeastern Egypt; at north end of Red Sea

tension between Arabs and Israeli erupted into a brief war in June 1967; Israel emerged as a major power in the Middle East

a group of people sharing similar wealth and status

a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea

a Muslim who represents the mystical dimension of Islam

(Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the Koran

a member of one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam

a collection of folktales in Arabic dating from the 10th century

Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405)

the body of Mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community

the first dynasty of Arab caliphs whose capital was Damascus

the Muslim community or people, considered to extend from Mauritania to Pakistan

an area between Israel and Jordan on the west bank of the Jordan river; populated largely by Palestinians

Palestinian statesman who was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (1929-2004)

Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in October 1973

a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine