types:
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absolutism, totalism, totalitarianism
the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government
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anarchism
a political theory favoring the abolition of governments
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autocracy
a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual
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centrism, moderatism
a political philosophy of avoiding the extremes of left and right by taking a moderate position or course of action
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collectivism
a political theory that the people should own the means of production
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communism
a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
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conservatism, conservativism
a political or theological orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes
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segregationism
a political orientation favoring political or racial segregation
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constitutionalism
advocacy of a system of government according to constitutional principles
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democracy
the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
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social democracy
the belief in a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means
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domino theory
the political theory that if one nation comes under communist control then neighboring nations will also come under communist control
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elitism
the attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals
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extremism
any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies
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fascism
a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
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federalism
the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units
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imperialism
a political orientation that advocates imperial interests
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leftism
the ideology of the political left; belief in or support of the tenets of the political left
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liberalism
a political orientation that favors social progress by reform and by changing laws rather than by revolution
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meritocracy
the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
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libertarianism
an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech
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monarchism
a belief in and advocacy of monarchy as a political system
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Negritude
an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms; an affirmation of the African cultural heritage
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Orleanism
the political philosophy of the Orleanists
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progressivism
the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
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radicalism
the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society
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reactionism
the political orientation of reactionaries
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republicanism
the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government
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rightism
the ideology of the political right; belief in or support of the tenets of the political right
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socialism
a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
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theocracy
the belief in government by divine guidance
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Utopianism
the political orientation of a Utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes of social perfection
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dovishness
any political orientation favoring compromise to avoid conflict
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hawkishness
any political orientation favoring aggressive policies
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Machiavellianism
the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government
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Castroism
a form of communism developed in Cuba by Fidel Castro
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Leninism, Marxism-Leninism
the political and economic theories of Lenin which provided the guiding doctrine of the Soviet Union; the modification of Marxism by Lenin stressed that imperialism is the highest form of capitalism (which shifts the struggle from developed to underdeveloped countries)
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Maoism
a form of communism developed in China by Mao Zedong
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Marxism
the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will ultimately be superseded by communism
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Trotskyism
the form of communism advocated by Leon Trotsky; calls for immediate worldwide revolution by the proletariat
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neoconservatism
an approach to politics or theology that represents a return to a traditional point of view (in contrast to more liberal or radical schools of thought of the 1960s)
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reaction
extreme conservatism in political or social matters
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neoliberalism
a political orientation originating in the 1960s; blends liberal political views with an emphasis on economic growth
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Jacobinism
the ideology of the most radical element of the French Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror
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Fabianism
socialism to be established by gradual reforms within the law
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guild socialism
a form of socialist theory advocating state ownership of industry but managements by guilds of workers
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utopian socialism
socialism achieved by voluntary sacrifice
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peace advocacy
any policy that advocates maintaining peaceful international relations
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militarism
a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests
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war advocacy, warmongering
a policy of advocating war
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Naziism, Nazism, national socialism
a form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism and obedience to a strong leader