types:
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magnoliid dicot family
family of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms
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hamamelid dicot family
family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins
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caryophylloid dicot family
family of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
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dilleniid dicot family
family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
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asterid dicot family
family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
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rosid dicot family
a family of dicotyledonous plants
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Myricaceae, family Myricaceae, wax-myrtle family
constituting the order Myricales
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Leitneriaceae, corkwood family, family Leitneriaceae
coextensive with the genus Leitneria; commonly isolated in a distinct order
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Apocynaceae, dogbane family, family Apocynaceae
chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs
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Aristolochiaceae, birthwort family, family Aristolochiaceae
family of birthworts (including wild ginger)
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Rafflesiaceae, family Rafflesiaceae
a family of parasitic plants of the order Aristolochiales
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Hydnoraceae, family Hydnoraceae
a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants
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Primulaceae, family Primulaceae, primrose family
a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
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Myrsinaceae, family Myrsinaceae, myrsine family
family of Old World tropical trees and shrubs; some in Florida
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Plumbaginaceae, family Plumbaginaceae, leadwort family, sea-lavender family
perennial herbs and shrubs and lianas; cosmopolitan especially in saltwater areas
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Theophrastaceae, family Theophrastaceae
family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae
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Cucurbitaceae, family Cucurbitaceae, gourd family
a family of herbaceous vines (such as cucumber or melon or squash or pumpkin)
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Goodenia family, Goodeniaceae, family Goodeniaceae
a family of sappy plants that grow in Australasia and southeast China
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Lobeliaceae, family Lobeliaceae, lobelia family
not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae
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Proteaceae, family Proteaceae, protea family
large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales
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Casuarinaceae, family Casuarinaceae
one genus: genus Casuarina
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Gentianaceae, family Gentianaceae, gentian family
chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals
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Salvadora family, Salvadoraceae, family Salvadoraceae
a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals
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Oleaceae, family Oleaceae, olive family
trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac
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Juglandaceae, family Juglandaceae, walnut family
trees having usually edible nuts: butternuts; walnuts; hickories; pecans
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Combretaceae, combretum family, family Combretaceae
a family of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Myrtales
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Elaeagnaceae, family Elaeagnaceae, oleaster family
shrubs or small trees often armed
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Haloragaceae, Haloragidaceae, family Haloragaceae, family Haloragidaceae, water-milfoil family
a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Myrtales
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Lecythidaceae, family Lecythidaceae
large tropical trees bearing large fruits with woody skins
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Lythraceae, family Lythraceae, loosestrife family
herbs and shrubs and small trees with pink or purple flowers
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Myrtaceae, family Myrtaceae, myrtle family
trees and shrubs yielding a fragrant oil
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Nyssaceae, family Nyssaceae, sour-gum family, tupelo family
a family of dicotyledonous trees of order Myrtales that includes the sour gum trees
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Punicaceae, family Punicaceae
one species: pomegranates
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Rhizophoraceae, family Rhizophoraceae, mangrove family
trees and shrubs that usually form dense jungles along tropical seacoasts
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Thymelaeaceae, daphne family, family Thymelaeaceae
family of trees and shrubs and herbs having tough bark that are found especially in Australia and tropical Africa
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Trapaceae, family Trapaceae
family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae
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Urticaceae, family Urticaceae, nettle family
a family of plants of order Urticales including many nettles with stinging hairs
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Cannabidaceae, family Cannabidaceae, hemp family
two genera of erect or twining herbs that are pollinated by the wind, including the genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae
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Moraceae, family Moraceae, mulberry family
trees or shrubs having a milky juice; in some classifications includes genus Cannabis
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Cecropiaceae, family Cecropiaceae
in some classifications included in family Moraceae
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Ulmaceae, elm family, family Ulmaceae
a dicot family of the order Urticales including: genera Ulmus, Celtis, Planera, Trema
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Menyanthaceae, buckbean family, family Menyanthaceae
a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales
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Loganiaceae, family Loganiaceae
a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales
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Linaceae, family Linaceae, flax family
a widely distributed family of plants
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Plantaginaceae, family Plantaginaceae, plantain family
cosmopolitan family of small herbs and a few shrubs; most are troublesome weeds
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Polygonaceae, buckwheat family, family Polygonaceae
a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats
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Amygdalaceae, family Amygdalaceae
used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus
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Sapindaceae, family Sapindaceae, soapberry family
chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins
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Buxaceae, box family, family Buxaceae
widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees
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Celastraceae, family Celastraceae, spindle-tree family, staff-tree family
trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits
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Empetraceae, crowberry family, family Empetraceae
heathlike shrubs
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Aceraceae, family Aceraceae, maple family
a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples
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Aquifoliaceae, family Aquifoliaceae, holly family
widely distributed shrubs and trees
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Anacardiaceae, family Anacardiaceae, sumac family
the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac
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Hippocastanaceae, family Hippocastanaceae, horse-chestnut family
trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule
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Staphylaceae, bladdernut family, family Staphylaceae
a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone
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Ebenaceae, ebony family, family Ebenaceae
fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon
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Sapotaceae, family Sapotaceae, sapodilla family
tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit
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Symplocaceae, family Symplocaceae, sweetleaf family
a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales
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Styracaceae, family Styracaceae, storax family, styrax family
a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales
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Sarraceniaceae, family Sarraceniaceae, pitcher-plant family
insectivorous plants
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Nepenthaceae, family Nepenthaceae
coextensive with the genus Nepenthes
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Droseraceae, family Droseraceae, sundew family
a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs
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Roridulaceae, family Roridulaceae
in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae
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Convolvulaceae, family Convolvulaceae, morning-glory family
morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit
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Orobanchaceae, broomrape family, family Orobanchaceae
brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
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Rhamnaceae, buckthorn family, family Rhamnaceae
trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value
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Vitaceae, Vitidaceae, family Vitaceae, grapevine family
a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales
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Piperaceae, family Piperaceae, pepper family
tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets
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Chloranthaceae, family Chloranthaceae
small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees
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Saururaceae, family Saururaceae, lizard's-tail family
family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus, Anemopsis, Houttuynia
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Asclepiadaceae, family Asclepiadaceae, milkweed family
widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
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Annonaceae, custard-apple family, family Annonaceae
chiefly tropical trees or shrubs
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Berberidaceae, barberry family, family Berberidaceae
shrubs or herbs
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Calycanthaceae, calycanthus family, family Calycanthaceae, strawberry-shrub family
shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia
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Ceratophyllaceae, family Ceratophyllaceae
coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts
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Cercidiphyllaceae, family Cercidiphyllaceae
one genus
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Lardizabalaceae, family Lardizabalaceae, lardizabala family
thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit
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Lauraceae, family Lauraceae, laurel family
a family of Lauraceae
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Magnoliaceae, family Magnoliaceae, magnolia family
subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron, Magnolia, and Manglietia
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Menispermaceae, family Menispermaceae, moonseed family
herbaceous or woody climbers
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Myristicaceae, family Myristicaceae, nutmeg family
family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds
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Nymphaeaceae, family Nymphaeaceae, water-lily family
dicot aquatic plants
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Nelumbonaceae, subfamily Nelumbonaceae
in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo
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Cabombaceae, subfamily Cabombaceae, water-shield family
in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia
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Paeoniaceae, family Paeoniaceae, peony family
perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America
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Ranunculaceae, buttercup family, crowfoot family, family Ranunculaceae
a family of Ranunculaceae
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Winteraceae, family Winteraceae, winter's bark family
small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae
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Connaraceae, family Connaraceae, zebrawood family
mostly tropical climbing shrubs or small trees; closely related to Leguminosae
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Fabaceae, Leguminosae, family Fabaceae, family Leguminosae, legume family, pea family
a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
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Mimosaceae, family Mimosaceae
family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
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Mimosoideae, subfamily Mimosoideae
alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Mimosaceae
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Araliaceae, family Araliaceae, ivy family
mostly tropical trees and shrubs and lianas: genera Panax and Hedera
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Caryophyllaceae, carnation family, family Caryophyllaceae, pink family
large family of herbs or subshrubs (usually with stems swollen at the nodes)
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Stellaria, genus Stellaria
common chickweed; stitchwort
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Aizoaceae, Tetragoniaceae, carpetweed family, family Aizoaceae, family Tetragoniaceae
succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds
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Amaranthaceae, amaranth family, family Amaranthaceae
cosmopolitan family of herbs and shrubs
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Batidaceae, family Batidaceae, saltwort family
family coextensive with genus Batis: saltworts
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Chenopodiaceae, family Chenopodiaceae, goosefoot family
includes spinach and beets
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Allioniaceae, Nyctaginaceae, family Allioniaceae, family Nyctaginaceae, four-o'clock family
a family of flowering plants of the order Caryophyllales
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Cactaceae, cactus family, family Cactaceae
constituting the order Opuntiales
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Phytolaccaceae, family Phytolaccaceae, pokeweed family
chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca, Agdestis, Ercilla, Rivina, Trichostigma
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Portulacaceae, family Portulacaceae, purslane family
family of usually succulent herbs; cosmopolitan in distribution especially in Americas
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Capparidaceae, caper family, family Capparidaceae
a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis, Cleome, Crateva, and Polanisia
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Brassicaceae, Cruciferae, family Brassicaceae, family Cruciferae, mustard family
a large family of plants with four-petaled flowers; includes mustards, cabbages, broccoli, turnips, cresses, and their many relatives
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Papaveraceae, family Papaveraceae, poppy family
herbs or shrubs having milky and often colored juices and capsular fruits
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Fumariaceae, family Fumariaceae, fumitory family
erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn
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Asteraceae, Compositae, aster family, family Asteraceae, family Compositae
plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia
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Ambrosiaceae, family Ambrosiaceae
in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds
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Loasaceae, family Loasaceae, loasa family
family of bristly hairy sometimes climbing plants; America and Africa and southern Arabia
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cucurbit
any plant of the family Cucurbitaceae
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Malvaceae, family Malvaceae, mallow family
herbs and shrubs and some trees: mallows; cotton; okra
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Bombacaceae, family Bombacaceae
tropical trees with large dry or fleshy fruit containing usually woolly seeds
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Elaeocarpaceae, elaeocarpus family, family Elaeocarpaceae
genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae
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Sterculiaceae, family Sterculiaceae, sterculia family
a large family of plants of order Malvales
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Tiliaceae, family Tiliaceae, linden family
chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia, Corchorus, Entelea, Grewia, Sparmannia
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Ericaceae, family Ericaceae, heath family
heathers
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Clethraceae, family Clethraceae, white-alder family
coextensive with the genus Clethra
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Diapensiaceae, diapensia family, family Diapensiaceae
north temperate low evergreen plants; in some classifications placed in its own order Diapensiales
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Epacridaceae, epacris family, family Epacridaceae
Australasian shrubs or small trees
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Lennoaceae, family Lennoaceae
family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico
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Pyrolaceae, family Pyrolaceae, wintergreen family
evergreen herbs of temperate regions: genera Pyrola, Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia
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Monotropaceae, family Monotropaceae
used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes
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Fagaceae, beech family, family Fagaceae
chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Nothofagus, Quercus
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Betulaceae, birch family, family Betulaceae
monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)
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Carpinaceae, family Carpinaceae, subfamily Carpinaceae
used in some classification systems for the genera Carpinus, Ostryopsis, and Ostryopsis
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Corylaceae, family Corylaceae, subfamily Corylaceae
used in some classification systems for the genus Corylus
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Hamamelidaceae, family Hamamelidaceae, witch-hazel family
comprises genera Hamamelis, Corylopsis, Fothergilla, Liquidambar, Parrotia, and other small genera
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Onagraceae, evening-primrose family, family Onagraceae
a large and widely distributed family of plants of the order Myrtales
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Melastomaceae, Melastomataceae, family Melastomaceae, family Melastomataceae, meadow-beauty family
a family of trees and bushes and herbs of order Myrtales; many are cultivated as ornamentals
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Begoniaceae, begonia family, family Begoniaceae
monoecious succulent herbs or shrubs of tropical and warm regions especially America
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Dilleniaceae, family Dilleniaceae
chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia and Hibbertia
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Clusiaceae, Guttiferae, St John's wort family, family Clusiaceae, family Guttiferae
widely distributed family of chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines that produce oils and resins and some usable timber
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Hypericaceae, family Hypericaceae
used in some classification systems for plants usually included among the Guttiferae
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Actinidiaceae, family Actinidiaceae
tropical trees or shrubs or woody vines
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Canellaceae, canella family, family Canellaceae
one genus: aromatic tropical trees of eastern Africa and Florida to West Indies
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Caricaceae, family Caricaceae, papaya family
trees native to tropical America and Africa with milky juice and large palmately lobed leaves
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Caryocaraceae, family Caryocaraceae
small genus of tropical South American trees
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Cistaceae, family Cistaceae, rockrose family
shrubs or woody herbs of temperate regions especially Mediterranean
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Dipterocarpaceae, family Dipterocarpaceae
chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins
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Flacourtiaceae, family Flacourtiaceae, flacourtia family
chiefly tropical trees and shrubs
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Fouquieriaceae, family Fouquieriaceae
small family of spiny shrubs or trees of southwestern United States
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Ochnaceae, family Ochnaceae, ochna family
family of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs with thick shining parallel-veined leaves
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Passifloraceae, family Passifloraceae, passionflower family
tropical woody tendril-climbing vines
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Resedaceae, family Resedaceae, mignonette family
mainly Mediterranean herbs: mignonette
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Tamaricaceae, family Tamaricaceae, tamarisk family
family of desert shrubs and trees (mostly halophytes and xerophytes)
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Violaceae, family Violaceae, violet family
a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola, Hybanthus, Hymenanthera, Melicytus
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Caesalpiniaceae, family Caesalpiniaceae
spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
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Caesalpinioideae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae
alternative name in some classification systems for the family Caesalpiniaceae
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Papilionaceae, family Papilionacea
leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
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Papilionoideae, subfamily Papilionoideae
alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Papilionaceae
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Rosaceae, family Rosaceae, rose family
a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens
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Rubiaceae, family Rubiaceae, madder family
widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry
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Caprifoliaceae, family Caprifoliaceae, honeysuckle family
shrubs and small trees and woody vines
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Dipsacaceae, family Dipsacaceae
chiefly southern European herbs with flowers usually in dense cymose heads
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Balsaminaceae, balsam family, family Balsaminaceae
distinguished from the family Geraniaceae by the irregular flowers
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Geraniaceae, family Geraniaceae, geranium family
chiefly herbaceous plants
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Burseraceae, family Burseraceae, torchwood family
resinous or aromatic chiefly tropical shrubs or trees
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Callitrichaceae, family Callitrichaceae
dicot aquatic herbs
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Malpighiaceae, family Malpighiaceae
tropical shrubs or trees
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Meliaceae, family Meliaceae, mahogany family
tropical trees and shrubs including many important timber and ornamental trees
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Lepidobotryaceae, family Lepidobotryaceae
family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa
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Oxalidaceae, family Oxalidaceae, wood-sorrel family
a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers
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Polygalaceae, family Polygalaceae, milkwort family
trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres
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Rutaceae, family Rutaceae, rue family
a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent
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Simaroubaceae, family Simaroubaceae, quassia family
chiefly tropical trees and shrubs with bitter bark having dry usually one-seeded winged fruit
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Tropaeolaceae, family Tropaeolaceae, nasturtium family
coextensive with the genus Tropaeolum
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Zygophyllaceae, bean-caper family, family Zygophyllaceae
small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum, Tribulus, Guaiacum, Larrea
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Salicaceae, family Salicaceae, willow family
two genera of trees or shrubs having hairy catkins: Salix; Populus
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Santalaceae, family Santalaceae, sandalwood family
chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit
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Loranthaceae, family Loranthaceae, mistletoe family
in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria
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Viscaceae, family Viscaceae, mistletoe family
in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae
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Cephalotaceae, family Cephalotaceae
a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus
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Cunoniaceae, cunonia family, family Cunoniaceae
trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere
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Hydrangeaceae, family Hydrangeaceae, hydrangea family
sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae
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Philadelphaceae, subfamily Philadelphaceae
one genus; usually included in family Hydrangeaceae
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Saxifragaceae, family Saxifragaceae, saxifrage family
a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae
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Platanaceae, family Platanaceae, plane-tree family
coextensive with the genus Platanus: plane trees
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Polemoniaceae, family Polemoniaceae, phlox family
a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers
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Acanthaceae, acanthus family, family Acanthaceae
widely distributed herbs and shrubs and trees; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
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Bignoniaceae, family Bignoniaceae
trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
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Gesneriaceae, family Gesneriaceae, gesneria family
large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales
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Hydrophyllaceae, family Hydrophyllaceae, waterleaf family
perennial woodland herbs
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Labiatae, Lamiaceae, family Labiatae, family Lamiaceae, mint family
a large family of aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including mint; thyme; sage; rosemary
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Scrophulariaceae, family Scrophulariaceae, figwort family, foxglove family
a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales
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Solanaceae, family Solanaceae, potato family
large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum, Atropa, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, and Solandra
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Verbenaceae, family Verbenaceae, verbena family, vervain family
family of New World tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees
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Avicenniaceae, family Avicenniaceae
used in some classifications: coextensive with the genus Avicennia
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Euphorbiaceae, family Euphorbiaceae, spurge family
a family of plants of order Geraniales
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Theaceae, family Theaceae, tea family
a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales
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Apiaceae, Umbelliferae, carrot family, family Apiaceae, family Umbelliferae
plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill
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Cornaceae, dogwood family, family Cornaceae
a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia
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Valerianaceae, family Valerianaceae, valerian family
genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor