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Unknown Origins

Most words in the English language can be traced back etymologically to countless languages and many of them have had a long and winding journey to finally end up in our dictionaries. But here's a list of words that simply seem to have appeared out of thin air.
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. dog
    a canine domesticated by man since prehistoric times
    "We’ve genetically modified dogs for millennia to be our social companions," he says. The Verge (Aug 5, 2014)
    The origins of the word dog are hotly contested. The general consensus is that it's derived from Old English docga, eventually replacing the more widespread hound. Nevertheless, it remains to this day one of the great mysteries of the English language.
  2. gremlin
    (folklore) a small fairy-like creature that is somewhat mischievous
    According to the story, a gremlin is a small creature that causes mechanical problems in aircraft. The Guardian (Jun 17, 2014)
    Gremlin is a relatively recent word, coming into the English language through Royal Air Force pilots in the 1920s before being used by American pilots in the 1940s and entering mainstream English shortly thereafter. Said to be little creatures that cause mechanical faults in airplanes, it has been suggested that the word is related to goblin.
  3. jazz
    genre of American music that developed in the 20th century
    President Carter welcomed his six hundred guests with off-the-cuff remarks, reminiscing about the Greenwich Village jazz clubs he frequented during his Navy days. The New Yorker (Aug 5, 2014)
    Although it is unclear where the word actually jazz comes from, there is a plethora of suggested etymologies. If you would like to find out more, Vocabulary.com's very own Ben Zimmer wrote a piece on the subject.
  4. blizzard
    a weather event with widespread snowfall and strong winds
    That was in 2010, when a late-December blizzard brought cold, wind and about 10 inches of snow in two days. Washington Times (Jul 30, 2014)
    Originally, in the 1800s, blizzard meant a 'hail of gunfire' or a 'violent blow' but for some reason it came to describe harsh, snowy storms since the hard winter of 1880-81 in the United States. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) posits that the word is "probably more or less onomatopoeic". Regardless, nobody actually knows where the word comes from.
  5. nifty
    very good
    Thankfully Apple accessory manufacturer olloclip has a rather nifty device that any budding iPad photographers will be very interested in. Forbes (Jul 17, 2014)
    Nifty seems to have arisen in the 1860s; it is believed that it may have been used to describe theatrical performances and poet Bret Harte claims it is an abbreviation of magnificat, perhaps an alternative form of magnificent, although it is a word in its own right.
  6. jalopy
    a car that is old and unreliable
    But then — perhaps to be expected during work on a jalopy — problems cropped up, and the thrusters failed to fire properly. New York Times (Jul 8, 2014)
    First used in 1924, it remains unclear where this word comes from. One argument is that it's from Jalapa, Mexico, where it is said that many American cars were sent.
  7. kick
    drive or propel with the foot
    Gonzalez reacted as if he was kicked in the shin. Washington Post
    It appears that kick began being used in English somewhere around the late 14th century. It has been argued that it comes from the Old Norse kikna, meaning 'to bend at the knees', but OED says that these Scandinavian origins are unlikely.
  8. bad
    having undesirable or negative qualities
    Bad reviews are generated by bad experiences and/or service, and bad reviews are also toxic if left unattended. Forbes (Aug 6, 2014)
    Bad emerged in the 1300s but evil (with a similar meaning to today's bad) was much more common until the 1700s. It has been suggested that it comes from the Old English baedan, 'to defile' but remains a mystery.

    It has no known relatives in other languages, whose words for similar meanings seem to have arisen from describing undesirable properties. For example, Russian plokho is from the Old Slavonic plakhu, meaning 'weak'.
  9. slum
    a district of a city marked by poverty
    "They want to keep people in the slums. They're not interested at all in lifting people up." Los Angeles Times (Aug 3, 2014)
    First spotted on its own in 1845, it was originally part of back slum, which was used to describe dirty streets in London, inhabited by the poor. Where the phrase came from is unclear.
  10. fuss
    an excited state of agitation
    They constantly fuss over every detail of taste and presentation. Washington Times (Aug 3, 2014)
    There are a few theories about this one. First seen in 1701, some say that it's an alternate form of force or that it's supposed to be imitative of bubbling or sputtering sounds. It has also been pointed out that fuss may be related to Danish fjas, for 'nonsense'.
  11. log
    a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches
    In place of the rotted logs, the crew was working to install new logs that were felled nearby, and then notched, worked and stored. Washington Times (Jul 31, 2014)
    Despite looking like Old Norse lag, 'felled tree' (from liggja, 'to lie'), experts agree that it can't be the root of our log, based on the way other words come into English from Norse. Another theory is that it's a word made to reflect the size of a large object with sound.

    Log as in 'record' comes from the above; a small piece of wood would be used by ships to measure their speed before making records in a ledger. Log in comes from log as in 'record'.
  12. tantrum
    a display of bad temper
    It was not strictly a tantrum, perhaps, but the kind of pyrotechnic hysteria that only the under-fives can manufacture. The Guardian (Jul 19, 2014)
    Very little is known about the origin of tantrum. All we know for sure, is that it used to be tanterum and that its first recorded usage is 1714.
  13. pour
    cause to run
    Puree the mixture, then pour into a medium bowl. Los Angeles Times (Aug 6, 2014)
    No strong case has been made for the etymology of pour and no ancestor can be found in Old English. A suggestion has been made that it may have come from Old French purer, 'to sift'; itself from Latin purare, to purify.
  14. gimmick
    any clever maneuver
    "It's a neat gimmick, but it won't get you very far." Reuters (Jul 24, 2014)
    From the 1920s in America, it has been suggested that gimmick is an anagram of magic, but no other serious claims have been made as to the origin of this word.
  15. freak
    a person or animal that is markedly unusual or deformed
    Once the preserve of prisoners, sailors and circus freaks, tattoos have become a benign rite of passage for many Americans. Economist (Jul 31, 2014)
    In the 1560s freak emerged meaning a 'sudden change of mind', possibly from Old English frician, 'to dance'. We generally have little idea, however, of how this word came to its modern meaning.

    There is an obscure meaning of freak, as in 'strong/bold man'; this comes from Old English freca, 'warrior' or 'hero'.
  16. hunch
    round one's back by bending forward
    Dirtied up and thinned down, he looks a sight, hunched and scrawny, more beast than man. New York Times (Jul 31, 2014)
    In the 1500s hunch meant 'push' or 'thrust', but where it came from is still unclear.

    Hunch meaning 'hint' or 'tip' is from the above, as in a 'push towards a certain answer'.
  17. big
    above average in size or number or quantity
    Additionally, he suggested big banks might be scaling back positions under pressure from regulators. Forbes (Aug 6, 2014)
    Nobody knows where this word is from, although it came about in Middle English (around the 1300s). Old English had the word micel, which is unrelated.
  18. dodge
    make a sudden movement in a new direction so as to avoid
    Mr Johnson has now acted on this prompt, admitting that he could not go on "endlessly go on dodging these questions" about his future. BBC (Aug 6, 2014)
    Dodge arose in the 1560s and is possibly from the Scottish dodd, 'to jog'. But really, its etymology is obscure.
  19. slang
    informal language that is inappropriate for formal occasions
    "Kale" was actually a slang term for money before everyone started asking for the best place to eat a kale Caesar salad. US News (Jul 31, 2014)
    At one point meaning 'argot' and then 'jargon', slang has no tenable roots. It has been said to come from Norwegian slengenamn, 'nickname', or slengja kjeften, 'to abuse with words' or literally 'to sling the jaw'. Many experts, including OED, claim that this is unlikely based on "date and early associations".
  20. bludgeon
    strike with a club
    The latest victim, and perhaps the most depressing when it comes to the slow but steady bludgeoning of creativity within the field, is the album. The Guardian (Jul 30, 2014)
    First spotted in the 18th century, bludgeon's origins are unknown, although it may be onomatopoeic.
  21. surf
    waves breaking on the shore
    Halpern bathes the gallery space in the sound of surf with her looping recording, "Atlantic Pacific." Los Angeles Times (Aug 1, 2014)
    Although it is related to the earlier suffe from the 1590s, that word itself is of unknown roots. Surf meaning 'to ride a wave' comes from the above. The Internet meaning comes from a figurative usage of the verb.
  22. curmudgeon
    an irascible, cantankerous person full of stubborn ideas
    But rather than grumpily eying them in staff meetings and turning yourself into the office curmudgeon, consider cutting them some slack. US News (Aug 4, 2014)
    It was once said that curmudgeon is from the French coeur mechant, 'evil heart', but this is no longer taken seriously and has now been identified as a misreading. Other explanations include pointing out the first syllable cur, as in 'dog', or muigean, which is Gaelic for 'disagreeable person'. The only thing we know for sure, is that nobody is very sure at all.
Created on Mon Aug 04 11:37:56 EDT 2014 (updated Mon Aug 11 16:35:54 EDT 2014)

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