Anatomy

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  1. class Cestoda
    tapeworms
    Class Cestoda Cestoda, or tapeworms, differ in many respects from the preceding classes.
  2. Cestoda
    tapeworms
    Class Cestoda Cestoda, or tapeworms, differ in many respects from the preceding classes.
  3. class Turbellaria
    free-living flatworms
    Class Turbellaria Turbellarians are mostly free-living worms that range in length from 5mm or less to 50cm.
  4. cestode
    ribbonlike flatworms that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and other vertebrates
    In contrast, to monogeneans and trematodes, the entire surface of cestodes is covered with minute projections similar microvilli of the vertebrate small intestine.
  5. tegument
    a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch
    They have no special sense organs but do have sensory endings in the tegument that are modified cilia.
  6. cilium
    a hairlike projection from the surface of a cell
    Very small planaria swim by means of their cilia.
  7. tapeworm
    ribbonlike flatworms that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and other vertebrates
    Class Cestoda Cestoda, or tapeworms, differ in many respects from the preceding classes.
  8. flatworm
    parasitic or free-living worms having a flattened body
    Tapeworms entirely lack a digestive system but do have well-developed muscles, and their excretory system and nervous system are somewhat similar to those of other flatworms.
  9. planaria
    free-swimming mostly freshwater flatworms
    Members of order Tricladida, which are ectolecithal and include freshwater planaria, have a three-branched intestine.
  10. female reproductive system
    the reproductive system of females
    Each proglottid contains a complete male and female reproductive system and during mutual cross-fertilization sperm from each strobila is transferred to the other.
  11. Trematoda
    parasitic flatworms (including flukes)
    As in Monogenea and Trematoda, no exteral, motile cilia occur in adults, and the tegument is of a distal cytoplasm with sunken cell bodies beneath the superficial muscle layer.
  12. echinococcus
    tapeworms whose larvae are parasitic in humans and domestic animals
    “Taenia saginata” “Echinococcus granulosus” “Taenia Solium” Diphyllobothrium “Echinococcus multilocularis” “Dipylidium caninum” “Hymenolepis nana”
  13. sex organ
    any organ involved in sexual reproduction
    Segmentation of tapeworms is best considered a replication of sex organs to increase reproductive capacity and is not homologous to the metamerism found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
  14. Chordata
    comprises true vertebrates and animals having a notochord
    Segmentation of tapeworms is best considered a replication of sex organs to increase reproductive capacity and is not homologous to the metamerism found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
  15. taenia
    a narrow headband or strip of ribbon worn as a headband
    “Taenia saginata” “Echinococcus granulosus” “Taenia Solium” Diphyllobothrium “Echinococcus multilocularis” “Dipylidium caninum” “Hymenolepis nana”
  16. trematode
    parasitic flatworms having external suckers for attaching to a host
    In contrast, to monogeneans and trematodes, the entire surface of cestodes is covered with minute projections similar microvilli of the vertebrate small intestine.
  17. intermediate host
    a host that is used by a parasite in the course of its life cycle
    Often their intermediate host is an invertebrate.
  18. free-living
    not parasitic on another organism
    Class Turbellaria Turbellarians are mostly free-living worms that range in length from 5mm or less to 50cm.
  19. Annelida
    segmented worms: earthworms; lugworms; leeches
    Segmentation of tapeworms is best considered a replication of sex organs to increase reproductive capacity and is not homologous to the metamerism found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
  20. Turbellaria
    free-living flatworms
    Class Turbellaria Turbellarians are mostly free-living worms that range in length from 5mm or less to 50cm.
  21. gonad
    a gland in which gametes (sex cells) are produced
    As younger proglottids are differentiated in front of it, each individual progottid moves outward in the strobila and its gonads mature.
  22. pharynx
    the passage to the stomach and lungs
    Their mouth is on the ventral side and leads into a gut cavity, often via a pharynx.
  23. motile
    capable of movement
    As in Monogenea and Trematoda, no exteral, motile cilia occur in adults, and the tegument is of a distal cytoplasm with sunken cell bodies beneath the superficial muscle layer.
  24. sense organ
    an organ having nerve endings that respond to stimulation
    They have no special sense organs but do have sensory endings in the tegument that are modified cilia.
  25. cytoplasm
    the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
    As in Monogenea and Trematoda, no exteral, motile cilia occur in adults, and the tegument is of a distal cytoplasm with sunken cell bodies beneath the superficial muscle layer.
  26. excretory
    of or relating to the process of excretion
    Tapeworms entirely lack a digestive system but do have well-developed muscles, and their excretory system and nervous system are somewhat similar to those of other flatworms.
  27. Arthropoda
    jointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids
    Segmentation of tapeworms is best considered a replication of sex organs to increase reproductive capacity and is not homologous to the metamerism found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
  28. ciliary
    of or relating to cilia projecting from the surface of a cell
    Turbellarians typically are creeping forms that combine muscular with ciliary movements to achieve locomotion.
  29. subclass
    a taxonomic category below a class and above an order
    Subclass Eucestoda contains the great majority of species of Cestoda.
  30. segmentation
    the act of dividing or partitioning
    Some zoologists have maintained that the proglottid formation of cestodes represents true segmentation metamerism but we do not support this view.
  31. surface area
    the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary
    These microtriches (microthrix) greatly enlarge the surface area of the tegument which is a vital adaptation for a tapeworm since it must absorb all its nutrients across its tegument.
  32. digestive system
    the system that makes food absorbable into the body
    Tapeworms entirely lack a digestive system but do have well-developed muscles, and their excretory system and nervous system are somewhat similar to those of other flatworms.
  33. vertebrate
    animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton
    In contrast, to monogeneans and trematodes, the entire surface of cestodes is covered with minute projections similar microvilli of the vertebrate small intestine.
  34. holdfast
    restraint that attaches to something or holds something in place
    The scolex, or holdfast, is usually provided with suckers or suckerlike organs and often with hooks or spiny tentacles as well.
  35. reproductive system
    organs and tissues involved in the production and maturation of gametes and in their union and subsequent development as offspring
    Each proglottid contains a complete male and female reproductive system and during mutual cross-fertilization sperm from each strobila is transferred to the other.
  36. replication
    the act of making copies
    Segmentation of tapeworms is best considered a replication of sex organs to increase reproductive capacity and is not homologous to the metamerism found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
  37. uterine
    of or involving the uterus
    The shelled embryos form in the uterus of the proglottid, and they are expelled through a uterine pore or the entire proglottid and they are expelled through the uterine pore of the entire proglottid is shed from the worm as it breaks free at zones of muscle weakness between each proglottid.
  38. fertilize
    provide with fertilizers or add nutrients to
    Unlike most other flatworms many eucestodes are known to self-fertilize although mutual cross-fertilization remains the norm when mates are available.
  39. nutrient
    any substance that can be metabolized to give energy
    These microtriches (microthrix) greatly enlarge the surface area of the tegument which is a vital adaptation for a tapeworm since it must absorb all its nutrients across its tegument.
  40. digestive tract
    tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination
    With rare exceptions cestodes require at least tow hosts and adults are parasites in the digestive tract of vertebrates.
  41. small intestine
    the longest part of the alimentary canal
    In contrast, to monogeneans and trematodes, the entire surface of cestodes is covered with minute projections similar microvilli of the vertebrate small intestine.
  42. fertilization
    making productive by adding nutrients
    Unlike most other flatworms many eucestodes are known to self-fertilize although mutual cross-fertilization remains the norm when mates are available.
  43. distal
    situated farthest from point of attachment or origin, as of a limb or bone
    As in Monogenea and Trematoda, no exteral, motile cilia occur in adults, and the tegument is of a distal cytoplasm with sunken cell bodies beneath the superficial muscle layer.
  44. invertebrate
    any animal lacking a backbone or notochord
    Often their intermediate host is an invertebrate.
  45. homologous
    similar in position, structure, function, or characteristics
    Segmentation of tapeworms is best considered a replication of sex organs to increase reproductive capacity and is not homologous to the metamerism found in Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
  46. tentacle
    a flexible appendage adapted for grasping or feeling
    The scolex, or holdfast, is usually provided with suckers or suckerlike organs and often with hooks or spiny tentacles as well.
  47. intestine
    the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus
    Polyclads include many marine forms of moderate to large size (3 to more than 40mm), and a highly branched intestine is correlated with larger size in turbellarians.
  48. skeletal
    relating to a structure made of bones and cartilage
    Gutless Wonder Though lacking skeletal strengths Which we associate with most Large forms, tapeworms go to great Lengths to take the measure of a host Monotonous body sections In a limp mass-production line Have nervous and excretory connections And the means to sexually combine And to coddle countless progeny But no longer have the guts To digest for themselves or live free Or know a meal from soup to nuts.
  49. reproductive
    producing new life or offspring
    They usually have long flat bodies composed of a scolex for attachment to the host, followed by a linear series of reproductive units or proglottids.
  50. terrestrial
    of or relating to or characteristic of the planet Earth
    They can be found under objects in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.
  51. digestive
    a substance that aids the process of breaking down food
    Tapeworms entirely lack a digestive system but do have well-developed muscles, and their excretory system and nervous system are somewhat similar to those of other flatworms.
  52. differentiate
    acquire a distinct character
    As younger proglottids are differentiated in front of it, each individual progottid moves outward in the strobila and its gonads mature.
  53. posterior
    located at or near the end of a structure
    There is no head, The scolex used for attachment is a remnant of the posterior part of the ancestral body.
  54. secrete
    generate and separate from cells or bodily fluids
    Others move by gliding, head raised, over a slime track secreted by the marginal adhesive glands.
  55. ventral
    toward or on or near the belly
    Their mouth is on the ventral side and leads into a gut cavity, often via a pharynx.
  56. pore
    any tiny hole admitting passage of a liquid
    The shelled embryos form in the uterus of the proglottid, and they are expelled through a uterine pore or the entire proglottid and they are expelled through the uterine pore of the entire proglottid is shed from the worm as it breaks free at zones of muscle weakness between each proglottid.
  57. infect
    contaminate with a disease
    Collectively these animals are capable of infecting almost all vertebrate speicies.
  58. uterus
    a hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of females
    The shelled embryos form in the uterus of the proglottid, and they are expelled through a uterine pore or the entire proglottid and they are expelled through the uterine pore of the entire proglottid is shed from the worm as it breaks free at zones of muscle weakness between each proglottid.
  59. linear
    involving a single dimension
    They usually have long flat bodies composed of a scolex for attachment to the host, followed by a linear series of reproductive units or proglottids.
  60. muscular
    having a robust body-build
    Turbellarians typically are creeping forms that combine muscular with ciliary movements to achieve locomotion.
  61. sperm
    the male reproductive cell; the male gamete
    Each proglottid contains a complete male and female reproductive system and during mutual cross-fertilization sperm from each strobila is transferred to the other.
  62. parasite
    an animal or plant that lives in or on a host
    With rare exceptions cestodes require at least tow hosts and adults are parasites in the digestive tract of vertebrates.
  63. gland
    a small organ that synthesizes and secretes chemicals
    Others move by gliding, head raised, over a slime track secreted by the marginal adhesive glands.
  64. snail
    freshwater or marine or terrestrial gastropod mollusk usually having an external enclosing spiral shell
    Large polyclads and terrestrial turbellarians crawl by muscular undulations, much in the manner of a snail.
  65. organ
    a structure in an animal specialized for some function
    The scolex, or holdfast, is usually provided with suckers or suckerlike organs and often with hooks or spiny tentacles as well.
  66. habitat
    the type of environment in which an organism normally lives
    They can be found under objects in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.
  67. embryo
    an animal organism in the early stages of growth
    The shelled embryos form in the uterus of the proglottid, and they are expelled through a uterine pore or the entire proglottid and they are expelled through the uterine pore of the entire proglottid is shed from the worm as it breaks free at zones of muscle weakness between each proglottid.
  68. nervous system
    the sensory and control apparatus consisting of a network of nerve cells
    Tapeworms entirely lack a digestive system but do have well-developed muscles, and their excretory system and nervous system are somewhat similar to those of other flatworms.
  69. humans
    all of the living human inhabitants of the earth
    The most common tapeworms found in humans are listed.
  70. adaptation
    the process of adjusting or conforming to new conditions
    These microtriches (microthrix) greatly enlarge the surface area of the tegument which is a vital adaptation for a tapeworm since it must absorb all its nutrients across its tegument.
  71. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    As in Monogenea and Trematoda, no exteral, motile cilia occur in adults, and the tegument is of a distal cytoplasm with sunken cell bodies beneath the superficial muscle layer.
  72. human
    a person; a hominid with a large brain and articulate speech
    The most common tapeworms found in humans are listed.
Created on Wed Feb 06 10:29:46 EST 2013

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