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Future Tense: Chapters 21–23

This work of nonfiction discusses the past and future of artificial intelligence, from its earliest precursors to the ways it might impact society as it develops.

Here are links to our lists for the book: Chapters 1–4, Chapters 5–8, Chapters 9–12, Chapters 13–16, Chapters 17–20, Chapters 21–23
15 words 5 learners

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Full list of words from this list:

  1. euphoria
    a feeling of great elation
    And the euphoria it produces is so intense that love can be considered a positive addiction when the feeling is mutual and the relationship and conduct are appropriate.
  2. unrequited
    not returned in kind
    Unrequited love, rejection, and heartbreak are awful.
  3. troth
    a solemn pledge of fidelity
    Even if you don’t want to go as far as Kondo and pledge your troth to a plush doll, you might want to improve your odds of love and decrease your odds of heartbreak and rejection, right?
  4. cataclysm
    a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
    Earth emerged from nonliving things. How did that happen? We aren’t certain. But one theory on this shift from nonliving to living is that it came from a cataclysm.
  5. dissipate
    go away, scatter, or disappear
    The hydrogen formed a dense atmosphere that would not dissipate for 200 million years.
  6. dissenter
    a person who objects to some established policy
    In practice, though, the US has conducted mass surveillance, and the country has also used surveillance to silence political dissenters.
  7. inadvertently
    without knowledge or intention
    It was inadvertently trained to do this.
  8. arbitrary
    based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
    More than 1 million Uighurs have been sent to concentration camps, in violation of human rights laws, to the extent that the US government sanctioned 28 Chinese companies for mass arbitrary detention and high-technology surveillance against Uighurs, Kazakhs, and other members of Muslim minority groups.
  9. prolific
    intellectually productive
    He was also one of the 20th century’s most prolific and popular science fiction writers, penning dozens of short stories, and several novels about robotics—a word he coined.
  10. grievous
    of great gravity or crucial import
    Those would be grievous alignment problems, at least from the perspective of the human developers.
  11. nuance
    a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
    They don’t necessarily understand language and the nuances behind it as humans do.
  12. inevitably
    in such a manner as could not be otherwise
    And as we develop this technology, inevitably reaching for artificial general intelligence, we have to be guided by a sense of ethics that will save us from the worst effects of our ambition.
  13. culmination
    a final climactic stage
    This is the culmination of thousands of years of human curiosity, imagination, and invention.
  14. advocate
    speak, plead, or argue in favor of
    There are collective actions, including advocating for thoughtful regulations of the technologies and taxation policies that account for the effects this wave of technology will have on the workforce.
  15. upheaval
    disturbance usually in protest
    And we can ensure that we make smart choices with our education and work, and in building our communities so that no one is left behind in the upheaval that’s certain to come.
Created on Thu Jun 25 08:00:02 EDT 2026 (updated Tue Jul 28 11:43:15 EDT 2026)

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