types:
alótropo
a structurally different form of an element
elemento metálico,
metal
any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.
no metálico
a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties
actinio
a radioactive element of the actinide series; found in uranium ores
argón
a colorless and odorless inert gas; one of the six inert gases; comprises approximately 1% of the earth's atmosphere
arsénico
a very poisonous metallic element that has three allotropic forms; arsenic and arsenic compounds are used as herbicides and insecticides and various alloys; found in arsenopyrite and orpiment and realgar
ástato
a highly unstable radioactive element (the heaviest of the halogen series); a decay product of uranium and thorium
boro
a trivalent metalloid element; occurs both in a hard black crystal and in the form of a yellow or brown powder
bromo
a nonmetallic heavy volatile corrosive dark brown liquid element belonging to the halogens; found in sea water
carbono
an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms: amorphous carbon and graphite and diamond; occurs in all organic compounds
cloro
a common nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; best known as a heavy yellow irritating toxic gas; used to purify water and as a bleaching agent and disinfectant; occurs naturally only as a salt (as in sea water)
flúor
a nonmetallic univalent element belonging to the halogens; usually a yellow irritating toxic flammable gas; a powerful oxidizing agent; recovered from fluorite or cryolite or fluorapatite
germanio
a brittle grey crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite
helio
a very light colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; the most difficult gas to liquefy; occurs in economically extractable amounts in certain natural gases (as those found in Texas and Kansas)
hidrógeno
a nonmetallic univalent element that is normally a colorless and odorless highly flammable diatomic gas; the simplest and lightest and most abundant element in the universe
yodo
a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)
criptón
a colorless element that is one of the six inert gasses; occurs in trace amounts in air
laurencio
a radioactive transuranic element synthesized from californium
mendelevio
a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles (Md is the current symbol for mendelevium but Mv was formerly the symbol)
neón
a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts
nitrógeno
a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues
nobelio
a radioactive transuranic element synthesized by bombarding curium with carbon ions; 7 isotopes are known
oxígeno
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust
fósforo
a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms
plutonio
a solid silvery grey radioactive transuranic element whose atoms can be split when bombarded with neutrons; found in minute quantities in uranium ores but is usually synthesized in nuclear reactors; 13 isotopes are known with the most important being plutonium 239
radón
a radioactive gaseous element formed by the disintegration of radium; the heaviest of the inert gasses; occurs naturally (especially in areas over granite) and is considered a hazard to health
rutherfordio
a radioactive transuranic element which has been synthesized
selenio
a toxic nonmetallic element related to sulfur and tellurium; occurs in several allotropic forms; a stable grey metallike allotrope conducts electricity better in the light than in the dark and is used in photocells; occurs in sulfide ores (as pyrite)
silicio
a tetravalent nonmetallic element; next to oxygen it is the most abundant element in the earth's crust; occurs in clay and feldspar and granite and quartz and sand; used as a semiconductor in transistors
azufre
an abundant tasteless odorless multivalent nonmetallic element; best known in yellow crystals; occurs in many sulphide and sulphate minerals and even in native form (especially in volcanic regions)
telurio
a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold
xenón
a colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts
elemento traza
an element that occurs at very small quantities in the body but is nonetheless important for many biological processes
aluminio
a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite
americio
a radioactive transuranic metallic element; discovered by bombarding uranium with helium atoms
antimonio
a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite
bario
a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali earth group; found in barite
berkelio
a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding americium with helium
berilio
a light strong brittle grey toxic bivalent metallic element
bismuto
a heavy brittle diamagnetic trivalent metallic element (resembles arsenic and antimony chemically); usually recovered as a by-product from ores of other metals
cadmio
a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores
calcio
a white metallic element that burns with a brilliant light; the fifth most abundant element in the earth's crust; an important component of most plants and animals
californio
a radioactive transuranic element; discovered by bombarding curium with alpha particles
cerio
a ductile grey metallic element of the lanthanide series; used in lighter flints; the most abundant of the rare-earth group
cesio
a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal
cromo
a hard brittle multivalent metallic element; resistant to corrosion and tarnishing
cobalto
a hard ferromagnetic silver-white bivalent or trivalent metallic element; a trace element in plant and animal nutrition
cobre
a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor
curio
a radioactive transuranic metallic element; produced by bombarding plutonium with helium nuclei
disprosio
a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; forms compounds that are highly magnetic
einstenio
a radioactive transuranic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons
erbio
a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium
europio
a bivalent and trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group
fermio
a radioactive transuranic metallic element produced by bombarding plutonium with neutrons
francio
a radioactive element of the alkali-metal group discovered as a disintegration product of actinium
gadolinio
a ductile silvery-white ductile ferromagnetic trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group
galio
a rare silvery (usually trivalent) metallic element; brittle at low temperatures but liquid above room temperature; occurs in trace amounts in bauxite and zinc ores
hafnio
a grey tetravalent metallic element that resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals; used in filaments for its ready emission of electrons
holmio
a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs together with yttrium; forms highly magnetic compounds
indio
a rare soft silvery metallic element; occurs in small quantities in sphalerite
iridio
a heavy brittle metallic element of the platinum group; used in alloys; occurs in natural alloys with platinum or osmium
hierro
a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood
lantano
a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth
plomo
a soft heavy toxic malleable metallic element; bluish white when freshly cut but tarnishes readily to dull grey
litio
a soft silver-white univalent element of the alkali metal group; the lightest metal known; occurs in several minerals
lutecio
a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium
magnesio
a light silver-white ductile bivalent metallic element; in pure form it burns with brilliant white flame; occurs naturally only in combination (as in magnesite and dolomite and carnallite and spinel and olivine)
manganeso
a hard brittle grey polyvalent metallic element that resembles iron but is not magnetic; used in making steel; occurs in many minerals
azogue,
mercurio
a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures
molibdeno
a polyvalent metallic element that resembles chromium and tungsten in its properties; used to strengthen and harden steel
neodimio
a yellow trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs in monazite and bastnasite in association with cerium and lanthanum and praseodymium
neptunio
a radioactive transuranic metallic element; found in trace amounts in uranium ores; a by-product of the production of plutonium
níquel
a hard malleable ductile silvery metallic element that is resistant to corrosion; used in alloys; occurs in pentlandite and smaltite and garnierite and millerite
niobio
a soft grey ductile metallic element used in alloys; occurs in niobite; formerly called columbium
ázoe
an obsolete name for nitrogen
osmio
a hard brittle blue-grey or blue-black metallic element that is one of the platinum metals; the heaviest metal known
paladio
a silver-white metallic element of the platinum group that resembles platinum; occurs in some copper and nickel ores; does not tarnish at ordinary temperatures and is used (alloyed with gold) in jewelry
polonio
a radioactive metallic element that is similar to tellurium and bismuth; occurs in uranium ores but can be produced by bombarding bismuth with neutrons in a nuclear reactor
potasio
a light soft silver-white metallic element of the alkali metal group; oxidizes rapidly in air and reacts violently with water; is abundant in nature in combined forms occurring in sea water and in carnallite and kainite and sylvite
praseodimio
a soft yellowish-white trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion-exchange process
prometeo
a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group having no stable isotope; was discovered in radioactive form as a fission product of uranium
protoactinio
a short-lived radioactive metallic element formed from uranium and disintegrating into actinium and then into lead
radio
an intensely radioactive metallic element that occurs in minute amounts in uranium ores
renio
a rare heavy polyvalent metallic element that resembles manganese chemically and is used in some alloys; is obtained as a by-product in refining molybdenum
rodio
a white hard metallic element that is one of the platinum group and is found in platinum ores; used in alloys with platinum
rubidio
a soft silvery metallic element of the alkali metal group; burns in air and reacts violently in water; occurs in carnallite and lepidolite and pollucite
rutenio
a rare polyvalent metallic element of the platinum group; it is found associated with platinum
samario
a grey lustrous metallic element of the rare earth group; is used in special alloys; occurs in monazite and bastnasite
escandio
a white trivalent metallic element; sometimes classified in the rare earth group; occurs in the Scandinavian mineral thortveitite
sodio
a silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group; occurs abundantly in natural compounds (especially in salt water); burns with a yellow flame and reacts violently in water; occurs in sea water and in the mineral halite (rock salt)
estroncio
a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element of the alkali metal group; turns yellow in air; occurs in celestite and strontianite
tantalio
a hard grey lustrous metallic element that is highly resistant to corrosion; occurs in niobite and fergusonite and tantalite
tecnecio
a crystalline metallic element not found in nature; occurs as one of the fission products of uranium
terbio
a metallic element of the rare earth group; used in lasers; occurs in apatite and monazite and xenotime and ytterbite
talio
a soft grey malleable metallic element that resembles tin but discolors on exposure to air; it is highly toxic and is used in rodent and insect poisons; occurs in zinc blende and some iron ores
torio
a soft silvery-white tetravalent radioactive metallic element; isotope 232 is used as a power source in nuclear reactors; occurs in thorite and in monazite sands
tulio
a soft silvery metallic element of the rare earth group; isotope 170 emits X-rays and is used in small portable X-ray machines; it occurs in monazite and apatite and xenotime
estaño
a silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion; used in many alloys and to coat other metals to prevent corrosion; obtained chiefly from cassiterite where it occurs as tin oxide
titanio
a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite
tungsteno,
volframio,
wolframio
a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite
uranio
a heavy toxic silvery-white radioactive metallic element; occurs in many isotopes; used for nuclear fuels and nuclear weapons
vanadio
a soft silvery white toxic metallic element used in steel alloys; it occurs in several complex minerals including carnotite and vanadinite
iterbio,
yterbio
a soft silvery metallic element; a rare earth of the lanthanide series; it occurs in gadolinite and monazite and xenotime
itrio
a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys
cinc,
zinc
a bluish-white lustrous metallic element; brittle at ordinary temperatures but malleable when heated; used in a wide variety of alloys and in galvanizing iron; it occurs naturally as zinc sulphide in zinc blende
circonio,
zirconio
a lustrous grey strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon
carbón vegetal
a carbonaceous material obtained by heating wood or other organic matter in the absence of air
metal alcalino
any of the monovalent metals of group I of the periodic table (lithium or sodium or potassium or rubidium or cesium or francium)
alcalinotérreo
any of the bivalent metals of group II of the periodic table (calcium or strontium or barium or magnesium or beryllium)
carbonilla,
hollín,
tizne
a black colloidal substance consisting wholly or principally of amorphous carbon and used to make pigments and ink
carbón activado
powdered or granular carbon used for purifying by adsorption; given orally (as a slurry) it is an antidote for some kinds of poisons
diamante
very hard native crystalline carbon valued as a gem