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Essential Twelfth Grade Vocabulary: List 8

Learn these challenging words that you'll encounter in literature, articles, and textbooks.
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. obeisance
    dutiful or submissive behavior
    Albania’s secret police rounded up anyone suspected of not giving proper obeisance to the government and its leaders. Washington Post (Feb 27, 2020)
  2. officious
    intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner
    Be careful however not to be too attentive, as you then become officious, and embarrass when you mean to please. Hartley, Cecil B.
  3. pedantic
    marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning
    “We then learn only useful things, and don’t cram our heads with pedantic knowledge.” Drayson, A.W.
  4. propriety
    correct behavior
    “Mrs. Weston’s manners,” said Emma, “were always particularly good. Their propriety, simplicity, and elegance, would make them the safest model for any young woman.” Emma
  5. recalcitrant
    stubbornly resistant to authority or control
    Parents are known at times to deliver an ultimatum to a recalcitrant child by saying, “Do this, or else!” New York Times (Mar 21, 2016)
  6. sanguine
    confidently optimistic and cheerful
    You seem generally more sanguine about things, and less depressed about the state of the world, than I expected to find you. The New Yorker (Oct 6, 2019)
  7. scrupulous
    characterized by extreme care and great effort
    She is savvy and always ready with a backup plan; she is diligent, and pays scrupulous attention to details; and she is focused, quickly assessing the risk involved in all situations. Forbes (Jun 9, 2015)
  8. surreptitious
    conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods
    Committee officials flatly deny that the files were obtained through surreptitious means. Washington Post (Mar 12, 2014)
  9. vicissitude
    a variation in circumstances or fortune
    President Franklin Roosevelt embraced the unique capacity of government to pull people together and create pools of social insurance that shielded all Americans against the risks and vicissitudes that we all face in common. Salon (May 7, 2016)
  10. willful
    habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition
    “What have I done to deserve so disobedient and willful a daughter-in-law?” Homeless Bird
Created on Fri May 30 11:28:26 EDT 2025

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