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Essential Twelfth Grade Vocabulary: List 3

Learn these challenging words that you'll encounter in literature, articles, and textbooks.
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. arbitrary
    based on or subject to individual discretion or preference
    It's not a penalty assessed by any code or standard of fairness; it's arbitrary. Washington Post (Aug 1, 2021)
  2. banal
    repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse
    Now, however, it is so common as to be banal. The Guardian (Mar 6, 2021)
  3. capricious
    changeable
    But because the gods were capricious, you could not be sure what they would do. Cosmos
  4. conjecture
    a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
    I recounted the attack, sticking to the facts and avoiding conjecture. We Are the Ants
  5. decorous
    characterized by propriety and dignity and good taste
    She wore her decorous dresses to morning mass, and around her neck displayed the short single strand of pearls she had received on her fifteenth birthday. Dreaming in Cuban
  6. embroil
    force into some kind of situation or course of action
    From the 1950s to the 1970s, Britain was embroiled in a confrontation with Iceland that became known as the “cod wars.” New York Times (May 6, 2021)
  7. edification
    uplifting enlightenment
    The idea for national portrait galleries stemmed from a Victorian notion of self-improvement: the paintings of the great and the good, displayed for the edification of the general populace. New York Times (Dec 17, 2011)
  8. esoteric
    understandable only by an enlightened inner circle
    If these basic principles can be misinterpreted, it shouldn’t be surprising that more esoteric mathematics can be, too. Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences
  9. fitful
    intermittently stopping and starting
    Rémy takes his place outside the doors, and I close my eyes to drift in and out of a fitful sleep. The Belles
  10. garish
    tastelessly showy
    She also had ridiculous, garish makeup caked on her face, and an elaborate, upswept hairdo. The Serpent King
Created on Fri May 30 11:25:43 EDT 2025

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