Unit 3: Selection Vocabulary 2

Is there, out there, a sky
Sunny or windy or humid with autumn
A sky at dawn, or a sunset sky?

Is there, out there, dark earth
That buries all flesh that once was beauty
That buries all glances, all shut lips?

Is there, out there, dark earth
That buries all flesh that once was beauty
That buries all glances, all shut lips?

Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink
Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain

Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink
And rise and sink and rise and sink again

Love can not fill the thickened lung with breath,
Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone

It well may be that in a difficult hour,
Pinned down by pain and moaning for release,
Or nagged by want past resolution's power,
I might be driven to sell your love for peace

It well may be that in a difficult hour,
Pinned down by pain and moaning for release,
Or nagged by want past resolution's power,
I might be driven to sell your love for peace

By the 1960s, emeritus psychologist Paul Ekman, then at the University of California (UC) in San Francisco, had come up with an accepted methodology to explore this question.

That conclusion went virtually unchallenged for 50 years, and it still features prominently in many psychology and anthropology textbooks, says James Russell, a psychologist at Boston College and corresponding author of the recent study.

“The implications here are really big,” he says. “It strongly suggests that at least these facial behaviors are not pancultural, but are instead culturally specific.”

Based on his research, Russell champions an idea he calls “minimal universality.” In it, the finite number of ways that facial muscles can move creates a basic template of expressions that are then filtered through culture to gain meaning.