Chapter 7D Motivation and Emotion

There is, for example, the younger sister- although she is 75 years old, she still bristles when she thinks of that tragic day 50 years ago when Amanda stole her sweetheart.

A motive is a specic need or desire that arouses the organism and directs its behavior toward a goal.

People work, play, chat with one another, and do many things for which there is no know biological need that they are striving to satisfy.

Primary drives are unlearned, are found in all animals(including humans), and motivate behavior that is vital to the survival of the individual or species.

The level of arousal at any given moment falls along a continuum from extreme alertness to sleep.

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation provided by an activity itself.

Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation that derives from consequences of an activity.

By dinnertime, no concern will seem as pressing as eating.

Both of these regulatiors stimimulate thirs when fluid levels are too low.

Seasonal customs and weather conditions also affect our thirst-quenching habits: Ice-cold lemonade is a summer staple, whereas hot chocolate warms cold winter nights.

It turns out that the brain monitors the blood levels of glucose(a simple sugar used by the body for energy), fats, carbohydrates, and the hormone insulin.

Thus, the aroma from a nearby restaurant may serve as mor that in an incentive to eat; it may actuall trigger an apparent need for food

Conversely, social situations may prompt you to eat even when you are not hungary.

Although anorexia and bulimia are much more prevalent among females than males, many more males are affected by the disorder than once suspected

Despite federal law prohibiting employment bias against overweight people, studies show htey are discriminated against in school and in the workplace.

Like the other primary drives, it tunred on and off by biological conditions in the body and by enviromental cues.

Unlike lower animals, whose sexual activity is largely controlled by hormones and is tied to the female's reproductive cycle, humans are capable of sexual arousal at any time.

Many animals secret substances called pheromones that promote sexual readiness in potential partners.

Those on the nature side hold that sexual orientation is rooted in biology and is primarily influenced by genetics.

They point out that homosexual men and women generally know before puberty that they are "different" and often remain "in the closet" regarding their sexual orientation for fear of recrimination.

Although societal prejudice and harassment increase the risk for depression, substance abuse, and sucide among homosexuals and bisexuals, recent evidence indicates these risks are reduced in the presence of positive family and strong social support system

In professional hockey, fistfihgts beween players may elicit as much fan fervor as does goal scoring

In professional hockey, fistfihgts beween players may elicit as much fan fervor as does goal scoring

THe ancient custom of public executions and painful punishment such as flogging and the socks arose fomr the notiion that a person for aggresive acts would deter others from committing those acts.

Some researchers speculate that highly competitive people alienate the very people who would otherwise hlep them achieve their goals;

Some researchers speculate that highly competitive people alienate the very people who would otherwise hlep them achieve their goals;

How calm your neighbor appears to be, and how turbulent the flight is.

In the past, psychologists, too, often viewed emotions as a "base instinct" a vestige of our evoulutionary heritage that needed to be repressed.

Anthropologists report enormous differences in the ways that other culture view and categorize emotions.

They may be thought of as subtle amalgamations of the primary emotions.

Although nonverbal behavior may offer a clue to the persons feelings, it is not an infallible clue.

Such a test was made possible by the discovery of several contemporary cultures that had been toally isolated from Western culture for most of their existence.