Science Book Chapter 2

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  1. allele
    any of the forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus
    Methylation also plays an important role in genomic imprinting, which occurs when both maternal and paternal alleles are present but only one allele is expressed while the other remains inactive.
  2. mRNA
    the template for protein synthesis
    Ribonucleic Acids
    In addition to mRNA, DNA codes for other forms of RNA, including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). rRNAs and tRNAs participate in protein assembly whereas snRNAs aid in a process called splicing -the process of editing of mRNA before it can be used as a template for protein synthesis.
  3. gene
    part of DNA controlling physical characteristics and growth
    The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units called genes.
  4. DNA
    material that carries genetic information in a cell
    The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units called genes.
  5. RNA
    a nucleic acid that helps synthesize proteins and transmit genetic data
    Because mitochondria have their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, this scenario is quite possible.
  6. chromosome
    a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
    In 1909, Danish botanist Wilhelm Johanssen coined the word gene for the hereditary unit found on a chromosome.
  7. mutation
    a change or alteration in form or qualities
    There are many diseases caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).
  8. protein
    an organic compound essential to living cells
    Genes code for proteins that attach to the genome at the appropriate positions and switch on a series of reactions called gene expression.
  9. genetic
    relating to the study of heredity and variation in organisms
    The Physical Structure of the Human Genome

    Nuclear DNA

    Inside each of our cells lies a nucleus, a membrane-bounded region that provides a sanctuary for genetic information.
  10. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    Genes instruct each cell type- such as skin, brain, and liver-to make discrete sets of proteins at just the right times, and it is through this specificity that unique organisms arise.
  11. human
    a person; a hominid with a large brain and articulate speech
    Every organism, including humans, has a genome that contains all of the biological information needed to build and maintain a living example of that organism.
Created on Thu Jan 28 09:21:15 EST 2010

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