warming due to solar radiation trapped by the atmosphere
Greenhouse gases (GHG) – including carbon gases like CO2 and methane, they are vital in the Earth’s atmosphere in certain quantities because they help trap and retain some of the sun’s heat (the ‘greenhouse effect’).
Human activity – over the past 150 years, the world’s industrialised nations have unwittingly upset the delicate balance of the carbon cycle by burning huge amounts of fossil fuels (concentrated carbon, like coal, oil, gas), as well as breeding vast numbers of methane-producing livestock, and cutting down the forests that naturally absorb CO2 from the air.