Biology Word List

Charles M. (United States of America)
20 words 1 learner

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Full list of words from this list:

words only definitions & notes
  1. chromoplast
    plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids
    Plastids are chloroplasts, chromoplasts or leucoplasts—depending on the color and likewise the function.
  2. organelle
    a specialized part of a cell; analogous to an organ
    A plant cell is bounded by a cell wall and the living portion of the cell is within the walls and is divided into two portions: the nucleus, or central control center; and the cytoplasm, a fluid in which membrane bound organelles are found.
  3. cytosol
    the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended
    The pores allow RNA molecules and proteins modulating DNA expression to move through the pores and into the cytosol.
  4. mitochondrion
    part of a cell involved in energy production
    Plant cell organelles include: endoplasmic reticulum, with and without ribosomes attached; Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and plastids.
  5. cytoskeleton
    a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence
    The cytoskeleton is a filamentous network of proteins that are associated with the processes that maintain and change cell shape and produce cell movements in animal and bacteria cells.
  6. plasma membrane
    a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
    The outer boundary of the protoplasm (cytoplasm and nucleus) is a sandwich-like, flexible plasma membrane.
  7. ribosome
    a particle in a cell that helps synthesize proteins
    Plant cell organelles include: endoplasmic reticulum, with and without ribosomes attached; Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and plastids.
  8. reticulum
    any fine network
    Plant cell organelles include: endoplasmic reticulum, with and without ribosomes attached; Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and plastids.
  9. lysosome
    a membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes
    Lysosomes are bound by a single membrane and contain highly acidic fluid.
  10. cell wall
    a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing a plant membrane
    A plant cell is bounded by a cell wall and the living portion of the cell is within the walls and is divided into two portions: the nucleus, or central control center; and the cytoplasm, a fluid in which membrane bound organelles are found.
  11. centromere
    a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape
    A spindle composed of spindle fibers is developed and some attach to the chromosomes at their centromere.
  12. cytoplasm
    the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
    A plant cell is bounded by a cell wall and the living portion of the cell is within the walls and is divided into two portions: the nucleus, or central control center; and the cytoplasm, a fluid in which membrane bound organelles are found.
  13. adenosine triphosphate
    a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions
    They are they site of various chemical processes involved in the synthesis of energy packets called ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
  14. mitosis
    the process by which a cell divides into two new cells
    Cells that are not actively dividing are said to be in interphase, which has three distinct periods of intense activity that precedes the division of the nucleus, or mitosis.
  15. skeletal muscle
    a muscle that is connected at either or both ends to a bone and so move parts of the skeleton; a muscle that is characterized by transverse stripes
    Some cells contain multiple nuclei, such as skeletal muscle, while some do not have any, such as red blood cells.
  16. cell membrane
    a thin membrane enclosing the cytoplasm of a cell
    Instead of a cell wall, the plasma membrane (usually called cell membrane when discussing animal cells) is the outer boundary of animal cells.
  17. stroma
    the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)
    Inside a chloroplast is a matrix called the stroma.
  18. filamentous
    thin in diameter; resembling a thread
    Inside the nucleus is a filamentous region called the nucleolus.
  19. hydrogen
    a colorless, odorless gas; the lightest chemical element
    They consume oxygen and work to drive reactions that remove hydrogen from various molecules in the form of hydrogen peroxide.
  20. function
    what something is used for
    Plastids are chloroplasts, chromoplasts or leucoplasts—depending on the color and likewise the function.
Created on Wed Oct 26 12:33:29 EDT 2011

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