- Types:
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usage
the customary manner in which a language (or a form of a language) is spoken or written
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dead language
a language that is no longer learned as a native language
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words
language that is spoken or written
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source language
a language that is to be translated into another language
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object language, target language
the language into which a text written in another language is to be translated
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sign language, signing
language expressed by visible hand gestures
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artificial language
a language that is deliberately created for a specific purpose
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metalanguage
a language that can be used to describe languages
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native language
the language that a person has spoken from earliest childhood
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indigenous language
a language that originated in a specified place and was not brought to that place from elsewhere
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superstrate, superstratum
the language of a later invading people that is imposed on an indigenous population and contributes features to their language
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natural language, tongue
a human written or spoken language used by a community; opposed to e.g. a computer language
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interlanguage, koine, lingua franca
a common language used by speakers of different languages
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linguistic string, string of words, word string
a linear sequence of words as spoken or written
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barrage, bombardment, onslaught, outpouring
the rapid and continuous delivery of linguistic communication (spoken or written)
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slanguage
language characterized by excessive use of slang or cant
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sentence
a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language
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syntagm, syntagma
a syntactic string of words that forms a part of some larger syntactic unit
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finger spelling, fingerspelling
an alphabet of manual signs
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ASL, American sign language
the sign language used in the United States
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Antido
an artificial language related to Ido
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Arulo
an artificial language intended for international use as an auxiliary language
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Basic English
a simplified form of English proposed for use as an auxiliary language for international communication; devised by C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards
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Blaia Zimondal
an artificial language
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Esperantido
an artificial language based on Esperanto and Ido
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Esperanto
an artificial language based as far as possible on words common to all the European languages
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Europan
an artificial language proposed as an auxiliary European language
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Idiom Neutral
an artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on Volapuk but with a vocabulary selected on the basis of the maximum internationality of the roots
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Interlingua
an artificial language proposed for use as an auxiliary international language; based on words common to English and the Romance languages
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Ido
an artificial language that is a revision and simplification of Esperanto
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Latinesce
an artificial language based on Latin
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Latino
an artificial language based on words common to the Romance languages
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Lingualumina
an artificial language
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Lingvo Kosmopolita
an artificial language
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Monario
an artificial language
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Nov-Esperanto
an artificial language based on Esperanto
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Novial
an artificial language
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Nov-Latin
an artificial language based on Latin
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Occidental
an artificial language
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Optez
an artificial language
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Pasigraphy
an artificial international language using characters (as mathematical symbols) instead of words to express ideas
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Ro
an artificial language for international use that rejects all existing words and is based instead on an abstract analysis of ideas
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Romanal
an artificial language
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Solresol
an artificial language
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Volapuk
one of the first artificial language constructed for use as an auxiliary international language; based largely on English but with some German and French and Latin roots
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programing language, programming language
(computer science) a language designed for programming computers
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application-oriented language, problem-oriented language
a language whose statements resemble terminology of the user
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command language, query language, search language
a source language consisting of procedural operators that invoke functions to be executed
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syntax language
a language used to describe the syntax of another language
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substrate, substratum
an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population
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first language, maternal language, mother tongue
one's native language; the language learned by children and passed from one generation to the next
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tonal language, tone language
a language in which different tones distinguish different meanings
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creole
a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages
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pidgin
an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages
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American Indian, American-Indian language, Amerind, Amerindian language, Indian
any of the languages spoken by Amerindians
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Eskimo-Aleut, Eskimo-Aleut language
the family of languages that includes Eskimo and Aleut
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Chukchi, Chukchi language
an indigenous and isolated language of unknown origin spoken by the Chukchi that is pronounced differently by men and women
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Sino-Tibetan, Sino-Tibetan language
the family of tonal languages spoken in eastern Asia
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Austro-Asiatic, Austro-Asiatic language, Munda-Mon-Khmer
a family of languages spoken in southern and southeastern Asia
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Hmong, Hmong language, Miao
a language of uncertain affiliation spoken by the Hmong
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Austronesian, Austronesian language
the family of languages spoken in Australia and Formosa and Malaysia and Polynesia
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Papuan, Papuan language
any of the indigenous languages spoken in Papua New Guinea or New Britain or the Solomon Islands that are not Malayo-Polynesian languages
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Khoisan, Khoisan language
a family of languages spoken in southern Africa
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Indo-European, Indo-European language, Indo-Hittite
the family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia
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Ural-Altaic
a (postulated) group of languages including many of the indigenous languages of Russia (but not Russian)
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Basque
the language of the Basque people; of no known relation to any other language
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Elamite, Elamitic, Susian
an extinct ancient language of unknown affinities; spoken by the Elamites
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Cassite, Kassite
an ancient language spoken by the Kassites
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Caucasian, Caucasian language
a number of languages spoken in the Caucasus that are unrelated to languages spoken elsewhere
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Dravidian, Dravidian language, Dravidic
a large family of languages spoken in south and central India and Sri Lanka
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Afrasian, Afrasian language, Afro-Asiatic, Afroasiatic, Afroasiatic language, Hamito-Semitic
a large family of related languages spoken both in Asia and Africa
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Niger-Kordofanian, Niger-Kordofanian language
the family of languages that includes most of the languages spoken in Africa south of the Sahara; the majority of them are tonal languages but there are important exceptions (e.g., Swahili or Fula)
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Nilo-Saharan, Nilo-Saharan language
a family of East African languages spoken by Nilotic peoples from the Sahara south to Kenya and Tanzania