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120 Words Every 12th Grader Should Know: List 1

Learn these challenging words that you'll encounter in literature, articles, and textbooks.
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. abject
    most unfortunate or miserable
    His misery is so much more abject than mine. The Sun Is Also a Star
  2. avail
    use to one's advantage
    “Many voters across the state availed themselves of the opportunity to participate in early voting,” Ms. Clarke said. New York Times (Jan 5, 2021)
  3. capitulate
    surrender under agreed conditions
    The rest of Europe was overrun and defeated, or they capitulated. Washington Post (Oct 19, 2021)
  4. cursory
    hasty and without attention to detail; not thorough
    The watchman replied that a search was routine, and he looked through the bag in a cursory way, not even disturbing the clothing. Long Walk to Freedom
  5. deference
    a courteous expression of esteem or regard
    Everyone treated me with the deference accorded only to the school’s top athletes. The Glass Castle
  6. discrete
    constituting a separate entity or part
    Crime, on the other hand, isn’t a single discrete thing, but a word used to describe an almost impossibly varied and complicated set of behaviors. The Tipping Point
  7. ephemeral
    lasting a very short time
    Unlike our ephemeral weather features on Earth, Jupiter's storms last years, even centuries. Salon (Sep 28, 2021)
  8. errant
    moving in an uncontrolled, irregular, or unpredictable way
    Often in trouble at school, he was assigned to do maintenance at the baseball field one day when an errant javelin from track practice landed nearby. Washington Post (Jun 3, 2021)
  9. expedient
    appropriate to a purpose
    The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power decided that the most expedient solution was to refill a large portion of the lake. Nature (Nov 11, 2018)
  10. gratuitous
    unnecessary and unwarranted
    While Latifah loves action and fighting, she doesn’t go in for gratuitous violence. Seattle Times (Jan 27, 2021)
  11. inimical
    tending to obstruct or cause harm
    Nothing is more inimical to a respectful, rational and informative discussion than allowing the opponents to interrupt and speak over each other. New York Times (Aug 29, 2020)
  12. levity
    a manner lacking seriousness
    “I was joking, Mom. That was just an attempt to add a little levity.” The Great Santini
  13. peremptory
    not allowing contradiction or refusal
    No neighbor or friend ever knocks in such a peremptory way, and I knew immediately that it was the security police. Long Walk to Freedom
  14. poignant
    arousing powerful emotions, especially pity or sadness
    But all the while her heart beat in rhythm to the poignant sadness of the song the children sang while walking around in a ring with hands joined. A Tree Grows in Brooklyn
  15. purport
    have the often misleading appearance of being or intending
    A scam PAC is a political action committee that purports to be working toward a political goal but instead operates for personal profit or some ulterior motivation. Washington Times (Apr 19, 2021)
  16. reticent
    not inclined to talk or provide information
    He surprised himself, as he spoke in that way, for he was a reticent, even a severe man. I'm the King of the Castle
  17. sinewy
    possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful
    He was strikingly tall for a full-back and formidably built, with a sinewy frame and thighs made of oak. The Guardian (May 15, 2018)
  18. sublime
    inspiring awe
    J. S. Bach was probably the cleverest composer who ever lived, but he gave his performers almost no detailed instructions as to how they might play his sublime music. The Story of Music
  19. tenuous
    weak or unstable
    The sudden spike in hostilities last month underscored the tenuous nature of the cease-fire that exists along the 279-mile front in the Ukraine war. Seattle Times (Nov 15, 2021)
  20. venerable
    impressive by reason of age
    Never once had he imagined Dumbledore’s childhood or youth; it was as though he had sprung into being as Harry had known him, venerable and silver-haired and old. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Created on Wed Oct 27 14:14:10 EDT 2021 (updated Mon Nov 15 16:50:24 EST 2021)

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