The Modern Period, c. 1750 to c. 1914: Content Summary 5.6: Reactions to Imperialism

These uprisings were typically in reaction to issues such as increased economic and political demands, forced labor, and land acquisition. (5.6.A)

The 1857 rebellion in India was led by sepoy troops in the East India Company army who opposed British imposition of land taxes and social reforms and the continued support for Christianity in India. (5.6.A)

Hundreds of thousands died before the British eventually crushed the rebellion, and colonial governance was transferred from the East India Company to direct rule by the British Crown. (5.6.A)

Nationalism played an increasing role in anti-imperial resistance (e.g., the Urabi Revolt in Egypt against British and French influence). (5.6.A)

These colonies, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, were established as dominions within the British Empire; they had parliaments with full authority to tax and make local laws and regulation, and British authority was limited to foreign, monetary, and commercial policy. (5.6.B)

These colonies, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, were established as dominions within the British Empire; they had parliaments with full authority to tax and make local laws and regulation, and British authority was limited to foreign, monetary, and commercial policy. (5.6.B)

These colonies, including Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, were established as dominions within the British Empire; they had parliaments with full authority to tax and make local laws and regulation, and British authority was limited to foreign, monetary, and commercial policy. (5.6.B)

While Britain retained the right to declare war and to levy troops from all its colonies, dominions had to bear the cost of defense. (5.6.B)

In other British colonies, imperial rule was indirect, allowing indigenous leaders to maintain local power in exchange for recognizing and enforcing imperial interests. (5.6.B)

As the Ottoman and Qing empires lost territory and authority in the 19th century, members of their governments led modernization reform movements in an effort to improve their nations’ militaries and economies so they could better withstand Western imperial expansion. (5.6.C)

The Tanzimat, a series of Ottoman reforms, sought to codify and modernize the authority of the Ottoman state to take the place of the sultan’s personal rule. (5.6.C)

The Tanzimat, a series of Ottoman reforms, sought to codify and modernize the authority of the Ottoman state to take the place of the sultan’s personal rule. (5.6.C)

Ultimately, these reforms were hampered by the sultan’s opposition and the rise of nationalism. (5.6.C)

In the Qing Dynasty, reformers introduced the Self-Strengthening Movement. It was a more limited reform movement, focused on improving the military. (5.6.C)

Self-Strengthening reforms were largely undermined by corruption and the opposition of those Qing officials who resisted economic change. (5.6.C)