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Module 2: "Ideas Live On" by Benazir Bhutto (2007)

In this speech, Bhutto, the former Prime Minister of Pakistan, argues for the importance of education to a nation's strength and warns of the dangers military rule. Bhutto was assassinated on December 27, 2007.
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Full list of words from this list:

  1. cumulative
    increasing by successive addition
    In our times an individual’s education, intelligence and wisdom creates cumulatively the wealth of a nation.
  2. transcend
    go beyond the scope or limits of
    Communication costs are down helping to create a global community that transcends territory, culture and multiple languages.
  3. crest
    the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave
    The challenge is to ride the crest of the new order by learning global values while retaining our cultural roots and languages.
  4. irony
    incongruity between what is expected and what occurs
    In one of the greatest ironies of our times, the rich die from eating too much food and the poor die from malnutrition.
  5. sectarian
    of or relating to a subdivision of a larger religious group
    Thus the problems of terrorism, sectarianism, militancy, extremism, intolerance and increase in poverty are directly related to the prolonged period of military domination of our society.
  6. extremism
    any ideology favoring immoderate, uncompromising policies
    Thus the problems of terrorism, sectarianism, militancy, extremism, intolerance and increase in poverty are directly related to the prolonged period of military domination of our society.
  7. intolerance
    unwillingness to respect differences in opinions or beliefs
    Thus the problems of terrorism, sectarianism, militancy, extremism, intolerance and increase in poverty are directly related to the prolonged period of military domination of our society.
  8. suspension
    a temporary debarment from a privilege or position
    As the crisis over the suspension of the Chief Justice of Pakistan’s Supreme Court demonstrates, justice in our country is elusive.
  9. elusive
    skillful at evading capture
    As the crisis over the suspension of the Chief Justice of Pakistan’s Supreme Court demonstrates, justice in our country is elusive.
  10. undermine
    weaken or impair, especially gradually
    Despite Islam’s emphasis on Adal wa Insaf, justice has systematically been undermined by the military rule.
  11. martial
    of or relating to the armed forces
    In 1977 the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Chief Justice Yaqub, was removed by a martial law order.
  12. covert
    secret or hidden
    Since a crisis or a threat brings with it political power for the Generals, large amounts of covert funds plus military and economic assistance, there is little incentive to build peace in place of conflict, restore security in place of crisis or allow the empowerment of the people in place of subjugating them through militias or abuse of state power.
  13. incentive
    a positive motivational influence
    Since a crisis or a threat brings with it political power for the Generals, large amounts of covert funds plus military and economic assistance, there is little incentive to build peace in place of conflict, restore security in place of crisis or allow the empowerment of the people in place of subjugating them through militias or abuse of state power.
  14. subjugate
    put down by force or intimidation
    Since a crisis or a threat brings with it political power for the Generals, large amounts of covert funds plus military and economic assistance, there is little incentive to build peace in place of conflict, restore security in place of crisis or allow the empowerment of the people in place of subjugating them through militias or abuse of state power.
  15. militia
    civilians trained as soldiers, not part of the regular army
    Since a crisis or a threat brings with it political power for the Generals, large amounts of covert funds plus military and economic assistance, there is little incentive to build peace in place of conflict, restore security in place of crisis or allow the empowerment of the people in place of subjugating them through militias or abuse of state power.
  16. imam
    the person who leads prayers in a mosque
    In fact even Imams, like the Imam of Lal Masjid, can call upon madrassas to provide militants for paralysing the government.
  17. militant
    a reformer disposed to hard-line policies
    In fact even Imams, like the Imam of Lal Masjid, can call upon madrassas to provide militants for paralysing the government.
  18. coalition
    an organization of people involved in a pact or treaty
    An extra $100 million are given monthly in coalition support funds.
  19. eradication
    the complete destruction of every trace of something
    We have a right to ask why this money has not translated into poverty eradication or increase in the salaries of our doctors and teachers or greater job opportunities for our people.
  20. noble
    having high or elevated character
    The path to a bright future lies in creating the noble quality of peace, the message that is enjoined upon all Muslims and is common to all religions.
  21. enjoin
    give instructions to or direct somebody to do something
    The path to a bright future lies in creating the noble quality of peace, the message that is enjoined upon all Muslims and is common to all religions.
  22. consensus
    agreement in the judgment reached by a group as a whole
    It lies in creating harmony in society through consensus as well as ensuring that the light of justice spreads throughout the dark corners of the country.
  23. integrity
    moral soundness
    Let us not forget that an army operation in Baluchistan threatens the unity and integrity of our country.
  24. persecution
    causing someone to suffer
    It is by disbanding militias that we can save our people from sectarianism and religious persecution.
  25. aspiration
    a cherished desire
    A fractured, bleeding society is calling to all its sons and daughters to hear its call, to revive the spirit of Quaid e Azam and Quaid e Awam’s struggle to save our people and our land from the dark shadow of military rule which has blotted out the sun of the people’s dreams, hopes and aspirations.
Created on May 13, 2020 (updated May 13, 2020)

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