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Shawn B.
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  1. diploid
    an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell
    The term diploid describes a state in which a cell has two sets of homologous chromosomes, or two chromosomes that are the same.
  2. eukaryotic
    having cells with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei
    This theory is also supported by the existence of a eukaryotic organism, called the amoeba, which lacks mitochondria.
  3. phenotypic
    of or relating to or constituting a phenotype
    These expressed, or phenotypic, traits are attributable to genotypic variation in a person's DNA sequence.
  4. genotypic
    of or relating to or constituting a genotype
    These expressed, or phenotypic, traits are attributable to genotypic variation in a person's DNA sequence.
  5. recessive allele
    an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical
    On the other hand, a recessive allele will be expressed only if there are two identical copies of that allele, or for a male, if one copy is present on the X chromosome.
  6. prokaryote
    a unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  7. phenotype
    observable characteristics produced by genes and environment
    When two individuals display different phenotypes of the same trait, they are said to have two different alleles for the same gene.
  8. eukaryote
    an organism of one or more cells with membrane-bound nuclei
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  9. gamete
    a mature sexual reproductive cell
    This is because mitochondria are only found in the female gametes or "eggs" of sexually reproducing animals, not in the male gamete, or sperm.
  10. ribosome
    a particle in a cell that helps synthesize proteins
    Because mitochondria have their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes, this scenario is quite possible.
  11. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    Meiosis is the mode of cell replication for the formation of sperm and egg cells in plants, animals, and many other multicellular life forms.
  12. homozygous
    having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
    If both alleles are the same, the gene is said to be homozygous.
  13. mitosis
    the process by which a cell divides into two new cells
    Cells that compose tissues in multicellular organisms typically replicate by organized duplication and spatial separation of their cellular genetic material, a process called mitosis.
  14. haploid
    (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
    Hence, gametes are said to be haploid-having only a single set of homologous chromosomes.
  15. Gregor Mendel
    Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
    Nearly 50 years earlier, Gregor Mendel had characterized hereditary units as factors- observable differences that were passed from parent to offspring.
  16. ribonucleic acid
    a nucleic acid that helps synthesize proteins and transmit genetic data
    Ribonucleic Acids
    In addition to mRNA, DNA codes for other forms of RNA, including ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). rRNAs and tRNAs participate in protein assembly whereas snRNAs aid in a process called splicing -the process of editing of mRNA before it can be used as a template for protein synthesis.
  17. Mendel
    Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)
    Nearly 50 years earlier, Gregor Mendel had characterized hereditary units as factors- observable differences that were passed from parent to offspring.
  18. yolk sac
    membranous structure enclosing the yolk of eggs in birds, reptiles, marsupials, and some fishes; circulates nutrients to the developing embryo
    During the first few weeks of life, embryonic globin is expressed in the yolk sac of the egg.
  19. egg cell
    the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
    Upon fertilization, an egg cell begins to multiply to produce a ball of cells that are all the same.
  20. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    In a DNA chain, every base is attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and a phosphate molecule, resulting in a nucleic acid or nucleotide.
  21. sickle cell
    an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
    Examples of recessive disorders in humans include sickle cell anemia, Tay-Sachs disease, and phenylketonuria (PKU).
  22. chloroplast
    organelle in which photosynthesis takes place
    Plants also have a second organelle, the chloroplast, which also has its own DNA. Cells often have multiple mitochondria, particularly cells requiring lots of energy, such as active muscle cells.
  23. nucleic acid
    (biochemistry) any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotide chains that are vital constituents of all living cells
    In a DNA chain, every base is attached to a sugar molecule (deoxyribose) and a phosphate molecule, resulting in a nucleic acid or nucleotide.
Created on Thu Jan 27 18:39:40 EST 2011 (updated Thu Jan 27 18:40:34 EST 2011)

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