Cell Division

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  1. diploid
    an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell
    The term diploid describes a state in which a cell has two sets of homologous chromosomes, or two chromosomes that are the same.
  2. eukaryotic
    having cells with `good' or membrane-bound nuclei
    This theory is also supported by the existence of a eukaryotic organism, called the amoeba, which lacks mitochondria.
  3. centromere
    a specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape
    The most highly repeated sequences found so far in mammals are called "satellite DNA" because their unusual composition allows them to be easily separated from other DNA. These sequences are associated with chromosome structure and are found at the centromeres (or centers) and telomeres (ends) of chromosomes.
  4. prokaryote
    a unicellular organism lacking a membrane-bound nucleus
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  5. eukaryote
    an organism of one or more cells with membrane-bound nuclei
    The location and base sequence of each promoter site vary for prokaryotes (bacteria) and eukaryotes (higher organisms), but they are both recognized by RNA polymerase, which can then grab hold of the sequence and drive the production of an mRNA.
  6. gamete
    a mature sexual reproductive cell
    This is because mitochondria are only found in the female gametes or "eggs" of sexually reproducing animals, not in the male gamete, or sperm.
  7. meiosis
    cell division that produces reproductive cells
    Meiosis is the mode of cell replication for the formation of sperm and egg cells in plants, animals, and many other multicellular life forms.
  8. DNA
    material that carries genetic information in a cell
    The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units called genes.
  9. chromosome
    a threadlike strand of DNA that carries genes
    In 1909, Danish botanist Wilhelm Johanssen coined the word gene for the hereditary unit found on a chromosome.
  10. mitosis
    the process by which a cell divides into two new cells
    Cells that compose tissues in multicellular organisms typically replicate by organized duplication and spatial separation of their cellular genetic material, a process called mitosis.
  11. haploid
    (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
    Hence, gametes are said to be haploid-having only a single set of homologous chromosomes.
  12. somatic cell
    a cell that does not participate in reproduction
    Mutations that occur in somatic cells-any cell in the body except gametes and their precursors-will not be passed on to the next generation.
  13. daughter cell
    a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
    The centromere, shown at the center of this chromosome, is a specialized structure that appears during cell division and ensures the correct distribution of duplicated chromosomes to daughter cells.
  14. cell division
    the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
    Although they do not play a role in the coding of proteins, they do play a significant role in chromosome structure, duplication, and cell division.
  15. deoxyribonucleic acid
    (biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information
    The biological information contained in a genome is encoded in its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and is divided into discrete units called genes.
Created on Mon Nov 08 14:41:10 EST 2010

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