T' s Biology Word List -

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  1. redox
    a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction
    In total, it loses 2 CO2 molecules and 8 electrons, of which 6 are accepted by three NAD+ molecules which get reduced to NADH, and the last two electrons are accepted by FAD to reduce to FADH2 in redox reactions.
  2. Krebs cycle
    in all plants and animals, a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  3. citric acid cycle
    in all plants and animals, a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria of involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  4. oxaloacetate
    a salt or ester of oxalacetic acid
    In the end, oxaloacetate is regenerated to continue the citric acid cycle.
  5. oxaloacetic acid
    an acid formed by oxidation of maleic acid
    It then combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid (a six-carbon molecule) to begin the citric acid cycle.
  6. glycolysis
    metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  7. pyruvic acid
    a colorless acid formed as an important intermediate in metabolism or fermentation
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  8. citric acid
    a weak water-soluble acid found in many fruits
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  9. acetyl
    the organic group of acetic acid (CH3CO-)
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  10. acyl
    any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group
    The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase.
    [edit] See also

    * Matrix (biology)

    [hide]
    v • d • e
    Mitochondrial proteins
    Outer membrane

    fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

    tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase)
  11. ATP
    a nucleotide derived from adenosine that occurs in muscle tissue; the major source of energy for cellular reactions
    In addition, a single ATP molecule is created from the combination of ADP and a phosphate group via substrate-level phosphorylation.
  12. citric
    of or related to citric acid
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  13. coenzyme A
    a coenzyme present in all living cells
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  14. mitochondrion
    part of a cell involved in energy production
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  15. NAD
    a coenzyme present in most living cells and derived from the B vitamin nicotinic acid; serves as a reductant in various metabolic processes
    In total, it loses 2 CO2 molecules and 8 electrons, of which 6 are accepted by three NAD+ molecules which get reduced to NADH, and the last two electrons are accepted by FAD to reduce to FADH2 in redox reactions.
  16. matrix
    an enclosure within which something originates or develops
    Mitochondrial matrix
    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Jump to: navigation, search
    This article does not cite any references or sources.
  17. coenzyme
    a small molecule essential for the activity of some enzymes
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  18. ribosome
    a particle in a cell that helps synthesize proteins
    The mitochondrial matrix also contains the mitochondria's DNA and ribosomes.
  19. tryptophan
    an amino acid that occurs in proteins
    The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase.
    [edit] See also

    * Matrix (biology)

    [hide]
    v • d • e
    Mitochondrial proteins
    Outer membrane

    fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

    tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase)
  20. catalyze
    spark or trigger a rapid change
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  21. osmotic
    of or relating to osmosis
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  22. electron
    an elementary particle with negative charge
    In total, it loses 2 CO2 molecules and 8 electrons, of which 6 are accepted by three NAD+ molecules which get reduced to NADH, and the last two electrons are accepted by FAD to reduce to FADH2 in redox reactions.
  23. ADP
    an ester of adenosine that is converted to ATP for energy storage
    In addition, a single ATP molecule is created from the combination of ADP and a phosphate group via substrate-level phosphorylation.
  24. substrate
    the material that is acted upon by an enzyme
    In addition, a single ATP molecule is created from the combination of ADP and a phosphate group via substrate-level phosphorylation.
  25. cytoplasm
    the substance inside a cell, not including the nucleus
    The word "matrix" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm.
  26. molecule
    the simplest structural unit of an element or compound
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  27. proton
    a stable particle with positive charge
    The NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle in the matrix release a proton and electron to regenerate NAD+ and FAD. Protons are pulled into the intermembrane space by the energy of the electrons going through the electron transport chain.
  28. tubule
    a small tube
    The cytosolic compartment has a water content of 3.8 μl/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μl/mg protein (Soboll S et al., in "Use of Isolated Liver Cells and Kidney Tubules in Metabolic Studies" pg 29-40, Academic Press, New York and London).
  29. cycle
    a periodically repeated sequence of events
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  30. membrane
    a sheet of tissue that lines or connects organs or cells
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  31. acid
    a sour water-soluble compound with a pH of less than 7
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  32. protein
    an organic compound essential to living cells
    The cytosolic compartment has a water content of 3.8 μl/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μl/mg protein (Soboll S et al., in "Use of Isolated Liver Cells and Kidney Tubules in Metabolic Studies" pg 29-40, Academic Press, New York and London).
  33. viscous
    having a relatively high resistance to flow
    The word "matrix" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm.
  34. metabolic
    of or relating to metabolism
    The cytosolic compartment has a water content of 3.8 μl/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μl/mg protein (Soboll S et al., in "Use of Isolated Liver Cells and Kidney Tubules in Metabolic Studies" pg 29-40, Academic Press, New York and London).
  35. regenerate
    reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis
    In the end, oxaloacetate is regenerated to continue the citric acid cycle.
  36. fatty acid
    any of a class of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that form part of a lipid molecule and can be derived from fat by hydrolysis; fatty acids are simple molecules built around a series of carbon atoms linked together in a chain of 12 to 22 carbon atoms
    The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase.
    [edit] See also

    * Matrix (biology)

    [hide]
    v • d • e
    Mitochondrial proteins
    Outer membrane

    fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

    tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase)
  37. CO2
    a colorless, odorless greenhouse gas essential for photosynthesis
    In total, it loses 2 CO2 molecules and 8 electrons, of which 6 are accepted by three NAD+ molecules which get reduced to NADH, and the last two electrons are accepted by FAD to reduce to FADH2 in redox reactions.
  38. fatty
    containing or composed of fat
    The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase.
    [edit] See also

    * Matrix (biology)

    [hide]
    v • d • e
    Mitochondrial proteins
    Outer membrane

    fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

    tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase)
  39. fad
    an interest followed with exaggerated zeal
    In total, it loses 2 CO2 molecules and 8 electrons, of which 6 are accepted by three NAD+ molecules which get reduced to NADH, and the last two electrons are accepted by FAD to reduce to FADH2 in redox reactions.
  40. Krebs
    English biochemist who discovered the Krebs cycle
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  41. aqueous
    similar to or containing or dissolved in water
    The word "matrix" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm.
  42. metabolism
    the organic processes that are necessary for life
    The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase.
    [edit] See also

    * Matrix (biology)

    [hide]
    v • d • e
    Mitochondrial proteins
    Outer membrane

    fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

    tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase)
  43. oxidation
    the process by which a substance combines with oxygen
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  44. enzyme
    a complex protein produced by cells that acts as a catalyst
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  45. carbon dioxide
    a colorless, odorless greenhouse gas essential for photosynthesis
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  46. isolate
    place or set apart
    The cytosolic compartment has a water content of 3.8 μl/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μl/mg protein (Soboll S et al., in "Use of Isolated Liver Cells and Kidney Tubules in Metabolic Studies" pg 29-40, Academic Press, New York and London).
  47. conduit
    a passage through which water or electric wires can pass
    It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport.
    [edit] Citric acid cycle

    The citric acid cycle (or Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) takes place within the mitochondrial matrix.
  48. phosphate
    a salt of phosphoric acid
    In addition, a single ATP molecule is created from the combination of ADP and a phosphate group via substrate-level phosphorylation.
  49. dioxide
    an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in the molecule
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  50. soluble
    capable of being dissolved in some solvent
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  51. carbon
    an abundant nonmetallic element in all organic compounds
    Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic acid generated from glycolysis is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) by losing a carbon dioxide molecule.
  52. DNA
    material that carries genetic information in a cell
    The mitochondrial matrix also contains the mitochondria's DNA and ribosomes.
  53. biology
    the science that studies living organisms
    The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase.
    [edit] See also

    * Matrix (biology)

    [hide]
    v • d • e
    Mitochondrial proteins
    Outer membrane

    fatty acid degradation (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Long fatty acyl CoA synthetase)

    tryptophan metabolism (Kynureninase)
  54. oxygen
    a colorless, odorless gas that is essential for respiration
    Two electrons are finally accepted by oxygen in the matrix to complete the electron transport chain.
  55. liver
    large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes
    The cytosolic compartment has a water content of 3.8 μl/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μl/mg protein (Soboll S et al., in "Use of Isolated Liver Cells and Kidney Tubules in Metabolic Studies" pg 29-40, Academic Press, New York and London).
  56. organic
    having properties characteristic of living beings
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
  57. cell
    the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms
    The cytosolic compartment has a water content of 3.8 μl/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μl/mg protein (Soboll S et al., in "Use of Isolated Liver Cells and Kidney Tubules in Metabolic Studies" pg 29-40, Academic Press, New York and London).
  58. reaction
    an idea evoked by some experience
    In total, it loses 2 CO2 molecules and 8 electrons, of which 6 are accepted by three NAD+ molecules which get reduced to NADH, and the last two electrons are accepted by FAD to reduce to FADH2 in redox reactions.
  59. structure
    a complex entity made of many parts
    (December 2009) Find sources: "Mitochondrial matrix" – news · books · scholar · images
    Mitochondria structure:
    1) Inner membrane
    2) Outer membrane
    3) Crista
    4) Matrix

    In the mitochondrion, the matrix contains soluble enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of pyruvate and other small organic molecules.
Created on Fri Oct 01 17:00:42 EDT 2010

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